Celebrity Temple·Confucius Temple·Yunnan Jianshui Confucian Temple
The Jianshui Confucian Temple was first built in the 22nd year of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1285) and has been expanded and expanded for more than 40 times. It covers an area of ??114 acres, second only to the Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong and the Confucius Temple in Beijing.
The original main buildings of Jianshui Confucian Temple included 37 buildings including one pool, two halls, two verandas, two halls, three pavilions, four gates, five pavilions, five temples and eight squares. Except for the altar, Shepu, Zunjing Pavilion, Wenxing Pavilion, Jingyi Pavilion and Zhai Pavilion were destroyed, the remaining 31 buildings were relatively well preserved.
The Jianshui Confucian Temple complex is distributed from north to south, with a depth of 625 meters and is divided into seven spaces.
The first entry space is from the Wanren Palace Wall (Red Screen Wall) to the "Taihe Yuanqi" square. The "Taihe Yuanqi" square is the single gate of the Confucian Temple. It is a wooden archway with four pillars, three floors and three doorways. The stone Xumizuo clamping pole is carved with dragons, lions and elephants. This is one of the characteristics of the stone work of Jianshui Confucian Temple that is different from other Confucian temples. Behind the "Taihe Yuanqi" square is Panchi. There is a small island built at the north end of Panchi, on which is built the "Sile Pavilion", also known as the "Diao'ao Pavilion". The islands and embankments are connected by a three-hole stone bridge.
The second entrance space is from the "Taihe Yuanqi" square to the platform. There is a 3-meter-tall bronze statue of Confucius in the tree inside the "Taihe Yuanqi" square. There is a Panchi built behind the bronze statue.
Starting from the Dismounting Monument, passing through the "Limen" and "Yilu" squares to the semicircular platform square in front of the "Zhusi Yuanyuan" square, it is the third entrance space. The second and third entrance spaces are garden and courtyard environment spaces, where you can have a panoramic view of distant mountains and near water.
The fourth entrance space is from the "Zhusi Yuanyuan" square to the Lingxing Gate and the horizontally symmetrical "Depei Tiandi", "Daoguan Ancient and Modern", "Xiangguan Near Yang" and "Sanctuary Youzi" Archway and stele gallery. There is a forest of steles on the east and west sides of Lingxing Gate, with dozens of stone steles recording the reconstruction of the Confucian Temple in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The fifth entrance space is from Lingxing Gate to Dacheng Gate. The four golden pillars of the Lingxing Gate protrude through the roof and are more than two meters higher than the ridge. The tops of the pillars are covered with Ming Dynasty Panlong blue and white porcelain covers, and the lower sections of bare pillars are decorated with wooden ornaments. This is a rare architectural form among Confucian temples across the country. There is an apricot altar in the middle of the five-entry space, with a Douba caisson inside, yellow glazed tiles, and painted golden dragons and seals. Inside the altar is a stone tablet of "Confucius and Saints' String Reciting Pictures" from the Ming Dynasty. There is Kuixing Pavilion on the left front of Xingtan, Minghuan Temple and Jinsheng Gate on the back left, and Xiangxian Temple and Yuzhen Gate on the back right. Kuixing Pavilion and Wenchang Pavilion are dedicated to Lord Kuixing and Emperor Wenchang. There is also a temple for famous local officials in this courtyard.
The sixth entrance space is from the Dacheng Gate to the Xianshi Hall and the two verandahs and two ears of the surrounding buildings. It is the core and focus of the Confucian Temple. The courtyard consists of Dacheng Gate, the Hall of the Master, East and West Verandas, East and West Stele Pavilions, and East and West Ear Rooms. There are also ancient pines and cypresses that are said to have been planted in the Yuan Dynasty, camellias planted in the Ming Dynasty, and golden and silver osmanthus planted in the Qing Dynasty. In the courtyard, there are a pair of stone-carved white elephants sitting on their backs, carrying a bronze vase over one meter high. Their shape reflects the interaction between the Central Plains culture and the border culture, and its meaning is "the elephant appears to bring peace".
Dacheng Hall, also known as the Xianshi Temple, got its name because Wang Wenzhi, a famous calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, once inscribed three characters "Xianshi Temple" on the list when he was the prefect of Lin'an. The main hall is located at the back of the central axis of the Confucian Temple building and is the center of the Confucian Temple. The materials used in the whole hall are strong and thick. A total of 28 columns are used as load-bearing frame columns, 20 of which are cut and ground from a whole piece of bluestone to form an ancient building. It is a very special stone-wood frame load-bearing structure. There are two auxiliary pillars (corner pillars) on the left and right of the front eaves. The upper half is carved with the "stone dragon holding the pillar" in the shape of a rising dragon and auspicious clouds. The lower half uses a combination of relief and openwork carving, which is exquisite and rare. The worship platform in front of the hall is surrounded by stone railings and pillars on three sides. In the middle of the worship platform is a copper tripod incense burner dating from the 55th year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1790), with a height of 2.85 meters. The upper part is in the architectural style of a palace, pavilion and archway, with four copper pillars coiled around the dragon, and four elephant heads on its four legs. The curled trunk of the elephant is supported on a lotus seat, which means that governing the world with Confucian culture can achieve a stable political situation.
There are 22 carved partition doors in the five bays on the front of the hall. Among them, the six in the bright room are each carved with a cloud and dragon, forming the "Six Dragons Holding the Saint", which are arranged in front of the statue of Confucius in the hall, symbolizing Confucius. and the supreme status of Confucianism created by it; each fan in the middle and top is a traditional Chinese folk auspicious pattern, such as "Two lions divide the water", "The magpie makes the plum blossoms", "Three sheep bring prosperity", "The rising sun rises in the east", "Bamboo Messages Peace", "Lulu Blessed", "All the Way Lianke", etc., are carved with more than a hundred large and small animals, feathers and flowers, and are hollowed out into three-dimensional shapes, which can be called wood carving art treasures. The colorful paintings on the beams and brackets of the main hall are exquisite and of high artistic value.
In the main hall*** there are eight gold plaques with "imperial inscriptions" written by emperors of the Qing Dynasty praising Confucius, including Kangxi's "Teacher of All Times", Yongzheng's "Shengmingmin has not yet existed", Qianlong's "Joining the Heaven and Earth", Jiaqing's "Shengji Dacheng", Daoguang's "Shengxie Shizhong", Xianfeng's "Deqi Guizai", Tongzhi's "Holy God Tianzong", Guangxu's "Elegance in Here". There is an east and west stele pavilion on the east and west sides of the main hall. In the east stele pavilion, there is the "Stele Inscription of the Pacification of Qinghai and the Succession of the Imperial Academy" written by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, and in the west stele pavilion there is the "Stele Inscription of the Pacification of the Huibu and the Succession of the Imperial Academy" written by Emperor Qianlong. The original two-way stele is erected in the Beijing Confucian Temple, and the Lin'an prefecture's double tripod is engraved in the Jianshui Confucian Temple, which is also rare in the country. There are also more than ten stone tablets erected at the foot of the outer wall of the back wall of the main hall. Among them, the imperial edict tablet of Emperor Wuzong from the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty posthumously named Confucius the "Dacheng Most Holy King Wenxuan", which is the oldest existing tablet in southern Yunnan.
The seventh entrance is from Dacheng Hall to Chongsheng Temple. Chongsheng Temple is dedicated to the ancestors of the five generations before Confucius. It is a five-bay, three-in-depth, single-eaves, resting-top-and-beam-style building, with a width of 24 meters. It is 16.5 meters deep and 9 meters high, covering an area of ??396 square meters. There are colorful paintings on the front eaves and brackets. There are stone railings and pillars in front of the hall (24 railings and 26 pillars). It is engraved with pictures of 24 scenic spots in the West Lake.
Minglun Hall is also built on the east and west sides of the Dacheng Hall courtyard. On the east side of Chongsheng Temple there are Erxian Temple and Cangsheng Temple. The Erxian Temple was built by the villagers to commemorate two literati bachelors who were relegated to the Confucian Temple to lecture for more than ten years during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. Cangsheng Temple is a place to worship Cangjie, the creator of ancient Chinese characters. Behind the temple, there is an ancient cypress forest that symbolizes "Confucius".
Jianshui Confucian Temple is a national key cultural relic protection unit.