In history, Cao Cao had many wives and concubines, and naturally there were many sons. A total of 25 * * *, of which 8 died young. Cao Ang, Cao Zhang, Cao Zhi, Cao Chong, Cao Pi and others are famous. And Liu Bei is not the only son Liu Chan who worships Zen forever, but also his son Liu Feng and his parents Liu Chan, Liu Yong and Liu Li. Let's briefly introduce them one by one.
Cao Ang, the word? , the eldest son of Cao Cao and the adopted son of Ding Furen, is smart, modest and strong-willed. When Cao Cao was in Zhang Xiu, he was attacked by Zhang Xiu. Cao Ang gave his horse to Cao Cao and later died.
Cao Pi, Zi, Cao Zhang and Cao Zhi. Both are Mrs. Bian's sons. Cao Pi was eloquent and resourceful, and finally won the position of prince among Cao Cao's philosophers. He is the first emperor of Cao Wei, and his ability is actually good, but his character is too bad. Wei Wendi, Cao Pi
Cao Zhi, with a strong word, is a talented person with outstanding literary talent. He is also called "Three Caos" with his father Cao Cao and his brother Cao Pi, and is a representative figure of Jian 'an literature. Song of the White Horse and Ode to Luoshen are his representative works, and Seven Steps Poetry is more familiar to everyone. After the failure to compete for the crown prince, it has been suppressed and frustrated. Posthumous title was "self-righteous" and was called "King Chen Si". Chen, Cao Zhi
Cao Chong, also known as Cang Shu, was brilliant since childhood and was good at solving practical problems. I believe everyone will be familiar with the story of "Cao Chong as an elephant", and the rest of the events will not be mentioned much, and he died young.
Forget about Cao Cao's other sons. Look at Liu Bei's
Liu Feng is Liu Bei's adopted son, whose real name is Koufeng. Extraordinary strength, strong character, and considerable military exploits. Later, because of bullying, he surrendered to Wei, refused to send troops to live in Guan Yu, and was executed.
Liu Chan succeeded to the throne after Liu Bei's death, which was the longest in the three countries. The ability is mediocre, but it does not lose its benevolence. Later, he was favored by eunuch Huang Hao and traitor Chen. Misnamed "An Le Gong". The idiom "I don't think" comes from him. (Interestingly, someone convicted Liu Chan for being happy, saying that Liu Chan was clever. Spineless is spineless. What did Sun Hao say to Wu after he destroyed him, although he didn't kill him).
Liu Yong was named King Lu, and later changed to King Gan Ling. Because he hated Huang Hao and was slandered by Huang Hao, Liu Yong could not appear in front of Liu Chan for decades (Liu Chan is really smart). After Shu died, he was moved to Luoyang.
Liu lifeng Liang Wang, later changed to Wang Anping. Died before the age of 30, no other deeds.
After introducing these, let's look at this problem.
First of all, not all Cao Cao's sons are excellent, but many of them are capable and talented. Genetically speaking, Cao Cao and Liu Bei are both masters of great talents, and their sons should generally be no worse. There are many sons of Cao Cao and too few sons of Liu Bei. It is not certain that Liu Bei's son is worse than Cao Cao when he is born. It is not unreasonable that the ancient emperors had many wives and children. On the one hand, the mortality rate is high, and there are still many deaths. On the one hand, some talents may be smart, while others may be slow, so as to have a chance to choose good seedlings; On the other hand, there is more competition between sons, forcing sons to improve their abilities. Therefore, the innate factors of many sons largely determine that Cao Cao's son is much better-looking than Liu Bei's son, and it is certainly not a decisive factor.
The acquired education and experience are the key, otherwise, even the cleverest person will become a fool. Fang Zhongyong is one, and so is Liu Chan, if nothing unexpected happens. When Zhuge Liang wrote to Liu Bei, he also said that Liu Chan was a clever boy, and he was so hopeful. Zhuge Liang is not an apple polisher, so Liu Chan should have been very clever, but what he did later turned out to be a coward? Liu Chan Anle Palace
Liu Chan was born in 207. At this time Liu Bei was 46 years old. He is old, and most people spoil him. Liu Bei spoiled him too, but he didn't spoil Liu Chan. Liu Bei asked Zhuge Liang and Li Jue to teach Liu Chan to learn many books, such as Sun Zi, Guan Zi, Tamia Liu and Zuo Zhuan. I don't think I can understand this book, but I can't use it. ) and let him learn martial arts. But the problem is also very prominent. When Liu Bei led troops to fight, he didn't take Liu Chan out to see the world. So is Zhuge Liang. When Liu Chan ascended the throne, Zhuge Liang caught him. After Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan arranged many ministers to assist him. It can be said that Liu Chan grew up completely in a greenhouse, and there are many things that don't need to worry about. So, when the envoy of Wu returned to Sun Xiu, this passage appeared: "Lord? I don't know what it's like. I'm a courtier who can muddle through. I don't know what I'm talking about when I enter its court. It's all the dishes of its barbarians. When I heard that the swallow was in the hall, the mother and son were happy and thought it was safe, and they burned at once, but the swallow was happy and didn't know what was coming, so she called! " Sadness! "Jade is uncut, abrasive; People don't learn and don't know. " The ancients were sincere and did not deceive me. Zhuge Liang warned him that "a good minister is not a bad person", but Liu Chan did the opposite.
As for Liu Yong, because of Huang Hao's slander, he could not appear in front of Liu Chan for decades, and was generally severely suppressed. Judging from his dislike of Huang Hao, he also knows some people. Liu Feng was sentenced to death, and Liu Li died young, so I won't say much.
I find this question particularly interesting. I answer from three aspects: Cao Cao's excellent son, Liu Bei's son, and find out the reason by comparing the hatchback.
1, sons of Cao Cao: First of all, let me introduce that Cao Cao has 25 sons, 6 daughters and 3 adopted sons. Let me introduce the four most outstanding sons of this huge Cao Shi family.
1. Cao Pi is the second son of Cao Cao and the founding emperor of Cao Wei. I have been proficient in literature since I was a child, and I am familiar with hundreds of theories. After Cao Cao's death, he took over as Prime Minister and Wang Wei. At the age of six, he can shoot arrows and ride horses at the age of eight. At the age of 65,438+00, he began to follow his father to the north and was deeply loved by Cao Cao. After Zen, he was granted the throne, completed the reform of the official system, concentrated the imperial power, purged the official style, and completed the reunification of the north. Unfortunately, at the age of 40, he was seriously ill and died young.
Cao Zhi is famous for his seven-step poem, also known as Cao Zijian. Jian 'an literature master, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, is the author of Cao Zijian Collection and Luoshen Fu. It can be said that poetry, fu and Yuefu are all very good, and calligraphy and painting have also left a rich and colorful stroke in history. He became Cao Pi's most powerful competitor politically, and was a famous politician, writer, poet and calligrapher. Finally depressed.
C, Cao Zhang, the general of Cao Guo, was a great force beyond the Great Wall. He can also beat tigers with his bare hands. He was determined to make contributions in the army since he was a child, and was named general and promoted to king. But he died of an acute illness at the age of 35.
D, Cao Chong, who was clever, kind and unusual since childhood, was deeply loved by Cao Cao. He was not only praised by Cao Chong, but also made pheasants dance, which reflected his true nature as a child prodigy. Unfortunately, he died in his teens at the age of 65,438+03. Cao Cao was deeply saddened.
Counting Cao Cao's sons, they all belong to the jealous type, but they are all smart and capable, each with his own strengths. Next, look at Liu Bei's son.
Liu Bei has three sons and an adopted son.
A, Liu Chan, nicknamed Adou, succeeded to the throne at the age of 17, with Zhuge Liang as his father and reigned for 42 years. In the early stage, the people had a good rest, but Zhuge Liang declined after his death. Wei destroyed Shu and sealed the Duke of Anle. Happiness comes from Liu Chan.
B, Liu Yong's younger brother, the strangest thing is that his relationship with his brother has been alienated for decades, and he was named King Lu and King Gan Ling. Later, Shu was destroyed and he was named his hometown.
C, Liu Li, whose life is not very good, died before the age of 30, during which she did nothing.
Comparing the sons of Cao Cao and Liu Bei, we can see that their background, experience and environment determine the quality difference between the two sons. (1) Birth: Cao Cao was born in an official family, and his youngest son was familiar with political struggles. Grandpa Cao Caogan is a famous eunuch. Therefore, Cao's son is naturally familiar with governing the country. Liu bang's son does not have this innate condition. (2) Experience: Cao Cao's sons, 10 years old, mostly followed their father to the south, with rich experience and extraordinary courage. They are all battle-hardened generals, and there is nothing to say. And what about Liu Bei's son? I know I am unhappy, but I have done nothing and have no life experience. I have been under the protection of Liu Bei's father and Zhuge's father. (3) Environment: Cao Cao's son is the best, the throne is inherited or the fierce competition between Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. These two men are singled out, one is full of talents, and the other is good at governing the country. With such fierce competition, who will be worse? Liu Bei's son has no sense of competition, but there is Zhuge Liang anyway. He just did what he was told and had no political ability, which led to Liu Chan's decision-making mistakes and ruined the country after Zhuge Liang's death. As the saying goes, it is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish, so the son of the Liu family is not as good as the Cao family at all, and it is understandable that Shu was destroyed.
In contrast, Cao Cao's son is not so lucky. Cao Cao was strict with his son since childhood, which was fully demonstrated, especially in Cao Pi's life experience. In "Canon Self-narration", Cao Pi said: "I was five years old when I was young. Affected by the quartet, I learned to shoot after school, and I knew how to shoot at the age of six. I also teach riding. At the age of eight, I knew how to ride a horse and shoot. It's hard to spend time, so I often follow every sign. At the beginning of Jian 'an, he marched south to Jingzhou, defected to Wan, surrendered to Yu, and rebelled on the 10th. The deceased's brother Lian Xiao Zi Xiu and his brother An Min were killed. When I was ten years old, I had to ride away. Civil and military way, use it at any time. Born in the season, I grew up between Rong and Lu, so I'm good at bowing my horse with less. It's not bad today. I chase birds in ten miles and shoot often with a hundred paces. I am healthy every day, and my heart will never get tired. " Such an experience, even Cao Zhi is not spared. Cao Cao took his son with him when he marched eastward to the North. In the process of conquering Zhang Xiu, not only Cao Ang died, but also Xelloss rode away. Then, when Yuan Shao was crusaded eastward, Cao Pi was among them, thus winning the return of beauty. Cao Cao also often appointed Cao Pi to deal with some problems alone, such as dealing with a group of prisoners and fields. Other sons often follow Cao Cao's business and occasionally handle related tasks alone.
Unlike Liu Chan, who was undoubtedly sitting in his seat, Cao Cao asked his sons to fight for it themselves, and other ministers were not allowed to participate privately. Therefore, the choice of Cao Wei's successor has also experienced some twists and turns. Natural selection, survival of the fittest, has always been like this. Natural Selection, survival of the fittest.
So I think Liu Bei's son's performance is not as good as that of Cao Cao's son. Talent is second, son has more than one aspect, the education method should be right, and more importantly, there should be competition!
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is not a real history, but a novel. In order to arrange the rationality of logic, many events, details and people will deviate from historical facts. What's more, the central idea of Romance of the Three Kingdoms is to promote orthodoxy, which is obviously to promote Liu and suppress Cao. Then Liu Bei, admired in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, didn't secure the world in the end, what's more, he described Wolong as the first immortal, and didn't help Liu Chan secure the world. Someone has to take the fall. Then the role can only be Liu Chan. With "can't afford to help", everything is reasonable and legal.
In actual history, Shu started at the latest and had the weakest national strength. It is said that there are only 900,000 people. And such a country is facing the attack of two great powers, one is Cao Pi of Wei and the other is Sun Quan of Soochow. Both of them are contemporary heroes. Although Shu is in danger, the struggle between countries is about comprehensive national strength. It makes sense that Shu was the first to perish.
But with the help of Zhuge Liang, Liu Chan embarked on a vigorous road. We know that Liu Bei's victory over Shu is unfair. There have always been two forces in it, one is Jingxiang Group and the other is Chuanlong Group. Jingxiang Group is Liu Bei's old revolutionary team, while Chuanlong Group represents local forces. Before the problem was completely solved, Liu Bei gave up and went to the west. This is what Zhuge Liang called dangerous autumn. Zhuge Liang needs an agent who can unite all forces. For this matter, Zhuge Liang began to lay out the layout as early as before Liu Bei died. Zhuge Liang knew that since Jingzhou was lost, the main force to rely on in the future should be the Sichuan-Gansu Group, while Liu Bei only believed that the old revolutionary team was defending Jingxiang and suppressing Sichuan-Gansu. Now we must change this situation, suppress Jing Xiang and win over Sichuan and Gansu. So he suggested killing Liu Feng. Liu Feng is not only Liu Bei's adopted son. Everyone knows that he is a brave soldier. He represents the youthful strength of Jingxiang Group on the revolutionary road. Including abandoning Zhao Yun, killing Ma Su and using Jiang Wei in Xie Weiyan, all illustrate this point. After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang made a slogan: "Uneasy, the Chinese thieves are at loggerheads." He closely United with the Central Group of Shu and Han, headed by Liu Chan, and created a militaristic state machine, which led to the trouble of finding the most powerful Wei State in Qishan. Zhuge Liang knows very well that it is actually impossible to defeat Wei, because he lacks the premise of long-term alignment "if the world changes". Shu, which lost Jingzhou, will perish sooner or later if Wei is not used as an excuse. The land of abundance is naturally isolated from the rest of the world, and Shu people have no dispute. Therefore, Zhuge Liang took a harsh political road when he entered Shu. Now the whole country of Shu is like a clockwork machine. Once the string of thought is loose, the machine will soon fall apart. And Zhuge Liang will come to a bad end.
So in this case, analyze Liu Chan. Is he an unaffordable dou or a wise king? First of all, compared with Zhuge Liang's sternness, Liu Chan established a broad image. Complement each other and complement each other.
This also made Liu Chan reign for more than 60 years, and later emperors did the same. Secondly, Wargo hit Chengdu and he surrendered. This made the people of Shu feel sorry for the emperor without suffering from the sword, and also left a way out for not killing him later. Because he is so popular in Shu. Kill him for fear that Shu people will come back. When he was finally under house arrest, Sima tried to test him several times. The classics he said are not real history. But it is conceivable that even if that happens, he also knows the intention of Sima, and he will say so. Generally speaking, he is a smart man in theory, and playing the fool and being fully distracted may stem from his childhood suffering and his philosophy of existence. He is certainly not a hero, but he is not necessarily a good emperor. Finally, I was able to sit in China for more than 60 years. This ending should be the most perfect ending in that troubled times.
Besides, Cao Pi is the most like his father Cao Cao. If Cao Chong dies, according to Cao Cao's storage standard, it should be Cao Chong. Too fucking smart, but smart is mistaken for smart. Don't know how to protect yourself. I would rather believe that he is Yin than die of illness. In the end, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi and Cao Cao were still in a dilemma. As a result, it left room to seize the office. Cao Pi played the fool and fully distracted in the process of competing for office, and finally killed a competitor to win. He inherited the excellent tradition of Cao Cao, and did not do business properly. He made an imperfect demonstration from the abolition of Korean independence, so that his descendants were finally taught a lesson. I want to say that Sima Yi may not want to learn from Zhuge Liang and become a famous figure, but Cao Pi has been suppressing himself. After Cao Pi's death, Cao Shi clans also guarded against Sima Yi everywhere. Sima Yi can think not of himself, but of his children and grandchildren. He shudders at the thought of what Xelloss has done. So when I was about to go into the coffin, I finally figured it out. Only military power can save the future of my children and grandchildren.
Put them together and analyze them. Which is better? The final outcome: Liu Chan was emperor for more than 60 years, and finally the country was destroyed by outsiders; Cao Pi became emperor of 10, and finally the country was destroyed by his courtiers. Liu Chan won by a narrow margin. From the founding of the country: Liu Chan inherited the throne and Cao Pi founded the throne; Cao pisheng. As far as people's hearts are concerned, the people of Sichuan are obsessed with Liu Chan; Ren Wei is afraid of xelloss; Liu Chan won by a narrow margin. As far as the relationship between ministers and subordinates is concerned, Zhuge Liang devoted himself to death, while Jiang Wei was still bent on saving all difficulties; Cao Pi has been guarding against wolves, and finally the wolves took the children away. Liu Chan won.
So, look at the essence through the phenomenon. What happened to Liu Chan? First, he completed the role given to him by history after his father died and won the hearts of the people; The second is to fulfill the glorious image of Zhuge Liang; Third, he avoided the loss of life when the trend of the times; Fourth, in troubled times, I saved myself and my family and died a fair death. Is he a fool? Of course not. Indeed, he is not thin. He didn't learn from Sun Quan at present, so he rejected Cao Wei's ancestral property with all the manpower and material resources of Shu State. By playing the fool and being fully distracted, the delicate balance between the two groups was maintained, and Cao Wei was countered by one-seventh of the other's national strength for more than 60 years, while Zhuge Liang maintained an offensive posture for the first 40 years. Is he really like A Dou described in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms?