First, run the script summary
Running script is a general term, which can be divided into brush running script and pen running script from tools. From the font of running script, it can be divided into running script and running script. Running script is developed and originated on the basis of regular script, which produces a font between regular script and cursive script to make up for the slow writing speed of regular script and the fuzziness of cursive script. "Go" means "go", so it is not as scribbled as cursive script, nor as straight as regular script. Whether it is cursive or cursive in essence. Those with more patterns than grass patterns are called "running patterns", and those with more grass patterns are called "running grass". Running script has high practicability and artistry, while regular script is a kind of character symbol, which has high practicability and relatively insufficient artistry; Comparatively speaking, cursive script is highly artistic, but its practicality is relatively insufficient.
Second, the copybook summary of famous running scripts
(1) Wang Xizhi, a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is known as the "book saint". His calligraphy is good at calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy. The style is peaceful and natural, the brushwork is euphemistic and subtle, and it is beautiful. The masterpiece Preface to Lanting is known as "the best running script in the world". The copybook is attached;
(2) Pang Zhonghua, a famous calligrapher, educator and poet, Pang Zhonghua practiced hard-pen calligraphy for decades and traveled all over the world. He believes that we should not blindly copy the calligraphy of our predecessors and lose ourselves, but should constantly innovate. In his words, it is to "read ancient book posts and write modern characters". At the same time, Pang Zhonghua studied under Wen, a master of Chinese studies, and was a close disciple of famous scholars such as He, Wang Liping, Kong Linzi and so on, and also had a certain foundation in poetry creation. At present, he is the executive director of Tang Yan Poetry Society.
Third, about brush strokes.
(1) Brush calligraphy refers to brush calligraphy written in accordance with traditional statutes, not casually written with a brush. Calligraphy is a line modeling art. The so-called brushwork mainly talks about how to shape ideal lines (stippling).
(2) Beginners start with regular script or official script. After mastering all kinds of brushwork, you will have the foundation to learn other calligraphy styles. Sticking is a necessary means to practice good handwriting. If you don't stick to your post, you can't write it yourself Learning to write Chinese calligraphy requires perseverance, perseverance, arrogance and rashness, and it can't get cold all at once. People often say: "As long as you work hard, the iron pestle is ground into a needle".
(3) China's calligraphy: A, lifting and pressing-the pen is pressed down to write, and the strokes are thick and thin. Just like a person's walking feet, one falls and the other rises, constantly alternating, and the pen keeps pressing in the process of writing. Only in this way can lines with different thicknesses be produced. Every time you write a stroke, there are three processes: input, writing and receiving. There is a method of "exposing the front" to make the pen tip sharp or square; There is a method of "hiding the front", in which the front enters the pen, the horizontal painting wants to be straight first, and the vertical painting wants to be down first, so that the front of the pen is hidden in the stroke, and the beginning of the stroke is basically round. Learn to "use the pen from the middle" when writing, so that the front tip often runs in the middle of the strokes. In order to make strokes more powerful, we should learn to use the pen unsmiling, leaving lines in the middle and lines in the middle to avoid glitz. There are "exposed front" (the pen is gradually lifted off the paper, drawing a sharp point, such as hanging the needle vertically, skimming, pressing and hooking) and "hidden front" (the pen tip is retracted into the painting, such as hanging vertically, and the pen tail is round). B, knot-also known as knot or shelf structure. Mr. Qi Gong once pointed out that to write a brush, it is necessary to grasp the structure of the pen holder and practice the characteristics of strokes. Frame structure is more important than stippling. Words with good spacing are not prominent in stroke characteristics and pleasing to the eye; Not the other way around. Therefore, it is very important to study and master the structural rules of words carefully. The so-called "beginner distribution, but seeking fairness".
Four, writing with a brush (see the figure below for various drawings)
(1) Writing: Su Dongpo said: "There is no fixed method for writing, so it is appropriate to be open-minded." Five-finger pen holding method: hold the pen holder with the fingertips of thumb and forefinger (appropriate height) to ensure that the pen holder does not fall off; The middle finger is placed on the outside of the pen under the index finger, which not only strengthens the power of the index finger to pinch the pen, but also plays the role of hooking the pen in; When the nail of the ring finger touches the inside of the pen, it plays the role of pushing the pen outward; The little finger is attached to the lower part of the finger belly of the ring finger to help the ring finger push the pen outward. When holding a pen, as the ancients said, it is convenient to carry a pen. When learning books, you should often practice holding the pen, returning the hook, pushing out and rotating the pen holder (plus the role of the wrist) and drawing straight lines and arcs. The level of writing and whether to hang your wrist or elbow depends on the size of the written words. Small print low, wrist pillow. Hold high the big characters and hang your wrists; No matter how big you are, you need to hang your elbow;
(2) Write with a brush. There are many illustrations, such as general descriptions of Han Xi's calligraphy and calligraphy skills in past dynasties. Most of them think that "five-character writing" (such as Yi, Gambling, Hook, Lattice and Land) is the best writing, and their explanations are also different. Calligraphy is mainly about how calligraphers use writing brushes. Writing can be divided into narrow writing and broad writing. In a narrow sense, the pen-holding method only refers to the operation of five fingers or the movement of wrists together, which is mainly used to write small and medium-sized fonts, mainly to adjust the posture of fingers and wrists when writing, and involves few parts of the body. In a broad sense, the pen-holding method refers to the coordinated action of fingers, palms, wrists, forearms, elbows, upper arms, shoulders and other systemic systems.
(3) The method of writing has been valued by calligraphers and calligraphers throughout the ages. As long as you look at the ancient and modern books in calligraphy theory, there are many discussions about writing methods, such as grasping the tube, single hook, double hook, grasping the tube, pinching the tube, twisting the tube, stirring the stirrup, returning the wrist and so on. Some of these methods are reasonable, while others are puzzling. The method of writing is to solve how to arrange five fingers reasonably and play their respective roles, so as to ensure smooth writing. According to the physiological characteristics of fingers, make fingers write in a relaxed and natural state. "Five-character writing" has been widely used. Mr. Shen, a famous contemporary calligrapher, attaches great importance to five-character calligraphy. In "On Calligraphy", he said: "Calligraphers have always had different opinions on writing methods, and I only admit that one of them is correct because it is reasonable, that is, the five-character writing method of" Yi, pledge, hook, style and land "handed down by the two kings and expounded by Lu Xisheng in the Tang Dynasty.
Fourth, about the pen.
(1) Pen writing, although not as rich in line expression and artistic appeal as brush calligraphy, is far superior to other hard pens such as pencils and ballpoint pens, because the nib is elastic and the strokes written are thick and thin.
(2) Pen calligraphy, the beauty of its lines is summarized in the characteristics of pen use, the form of stippling, the rhythm of pen use and so on. Take the word "Yong" in regular script as an example. The lines are smooth, straight and definite, and have the characteristics of a pen: the dots are like falling rocks, the leaves are like orchids, the hooks are like nails, the strokes are distinct, the shapes are different, there are light and heavy, there are light and heavy, there are fast and slow, there are fast and slow, and there is a sense of rhythm. Only in this way can the eight strokes of the word "Yong" appear vigorous and powerful.
(3) The beauty of pen calligraphy is mainly manifested in the shapes of various fonts, regardless of straight lines. It should be shaped according to the laws of diversity and unity such as proportion, symmetry, balance, smooth contrast and care.
(4) The beauty of pen calligraphy lies in the composition of the whole work. Pen calligraphy has two forms, one is traditional direct writing, and the other is modern horizontal writing. However, they all require "vivid lines and vivid words", and the composition should be complete, natural, coherent, harmonious and interesting, giving people a neat and beautiful feeling, just like pattern painting, which is highly decorative.
(5) The beauty of pen calligraphy style is reflected in the author's unique and strong personality. Due to the differences in skills, cultivation and personality, various styles have been formed, some of which are very heroic like mountains and seas; Some are as beautiful as small bridges and flowing water; Some are flying, light and elegant; Some are as simple as pine trees; Some are like fresh lotus flowers with dewdrops; Some of them are as beautiful as magnolia flowers reflecting the moon. Different styles give people different aesthetic feelings.
Legend of verb (abbreviation of verb):
(1) Writing method with brush
(2) Wang Xizhi-Preface to Lanting-China's Calligraphy
(3) Pen writing
(4) Pang Zhonghua-Moonlight in the Lotus Pond-Pen Character