Cao Cao was born into a prominent eunuch family. Cao Teng, Cao Cao's grandfather, was a member of the eunuch group in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Father Cao Song is Cao Teng's adopted son. At that time, Cao Song's background was not clear, so Chen Shou called him "Don't jump to conclusions", but some people thought he was Xiahou's son. He has served as captain, old farmer, Qiu and other officials.
Cao Cao is the eldest son of Cao Song. He is "less vigilant and has the right to count." He has read widely since childhood, is good at poetry and is familiar with ancient books. Cao Cao also has extraordinary martial arts. Cao Cao's "Ren Xia is dissolute and does not practice medicine" was not taken seriously by people at that time, but Qiu, who is famous in the world, was greatly surprised when he saw Cao Cao, saying, "The world will be in chaos, and those who fail in life can't help, and those who can be safe are in the king!" Later, Qiao Xuan asked Cao Cao to visit Xu Zijiang, the famous host of "Reading Dan" at the end of Han Dynasty. Xu Zijiang commented on Cao Cao and said: "Zi can rule the world, and traitors come out in troubled times." As a result, Cao Cao gradually became famous all over the world.
After three years of Xi Ping (174), Cao Cao, who was only twenty years old, was promoted to filial piety and became the A Lang of Luoyang. Soon, he was appointed as the northern commander of Luoyang. Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is a place where imperial power and power coexist and it is difficult to govern. As soon as Cao Cao arrived at his post, he announced that it was forbidden to strictly observe the law and discipline, and made more than ten colored sticks to hang around the yamen. "Anyone who violates the ban will be beaten to death with a stick." The sturdy uncle, the emperor's favorite eunuch, was forbidden to go at night, but Cao Cao showed no mercy and immediately put him to death. As a result, "the capital is gone, and no one dares to commit crimes."
In the first year of Zhong Ping (184), the Yellow Scarf peasant uprising broke out. Cao Cao worshipped as a general, and ordered Lu Zhi and others to join forces with the Yellow Scarf Army in Yingchuan. As a result, the yellow turban was broken and tens of thousands of people were beheaded. Then moved to Jinan. During his tenure in Jinan, Cao Cao managed things as always. In more than ten counties in Jinan (now Jinan, Shandong), county officials are attached to your power, taking bribes and perverting the law, and have no scruples. Before Cao Cao, all countries ignored it. After Cao Cao took office, he made great efforts to rectify and dismissed eight officers in one fell swoop. Jinan shook and corrupt officials fled. "The politics and religion are big, and one county is bright." At that time, the politics of the Eastern Han Dynasty was extremely dark, and Cao Cao refused to cater to the dignitaries, so he returned to the village by illness, studied in spring and summer, hunted in autumn and winter, and temporarily lived in seclusion.
In the fifth year of Zhong Ping (188), in order to consolidate the rule, Emperor Han Ling set up eight viceroy in Xiyuan, and Cao Cao was appointed as the imperial army viceroy among the eight viceroy because of his family background.
In the sixth year of Zhong Ping (189), Dong Zhuo entered Luoyang, abolished Shaodi, established Xian Di Liuxie, and later killed the Queen Mother and Shaodi, claiming to be the prime minister, specializing in state affairs. Cao Cao saw Dong Zhuo's perverse behavior and refused to cooperate with him, so he changed his name and surname and escaped from Luoyang (now northeast of Luoyang, Henan).
When Cao Cao arrived at Liu Chen, he "scattered his wealth and joined his righteous soldiers." Organize an army of 5000 people to prepare for a crusade against Dong Zhuo.
In the first month of the first year of Chuping, Xian Di (190), the satrap of Guandong, set out to crusade against Dong Zhuo, and * * * promoted Yuan Shao as the leader. Cao Cao took part in the battle of Dong Jun as a brave general. In February, Dong Zhuo coerced Xian Di to move to Chang 'an (now northwest of Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province) and stay in Luoyang to resist the Kwantung Army. Dong's Liangzhou army is brave and good at fighting. More than 100,000 Kwantung troops were stationed in Zaoshu (now north of Yanjin, Henan), and no one dared to enter. Cao Cao thought that Dong Zhuo "burned the palace and robbed the emperor, and the sea shook and the earth shook", so he should take the opportunity to fight a decisive battle with it and lead the army to the west alone. Cao Cao went to Xingyang Bianshui (now southwest of Xingyang, Henan Province) and met Dong. He was defeated, most of his soldiers were killed and wounded, and they were also injured by the flow vector. Back in Zizyphus jujuba, Cao Cao suggested that all armies should take their positions, and then divide their troops to Wuguan (now southeast of Fengdan, Shaanxi) to besiege Dong Zhuo, but the generals in Kanto refused to follow.
The Kwantung Army named after Dong Zhuo actually has ulterior motives and intends to wait for an opportunity to develop its own power. Soon, there was a conflict between the troops.
In the third year of Chuping, Stuart Wang Yun and Lu Bu planned to kill Dong Zhuo in Chang 'an. Dong Zhuo captured Chang 'an, killed Wang Yun, attacked Lu Bu, and Guanzhong was also in war. At that time, the prefectures and counties were step by step, forming a situation of vassal separatism.
In the third year of Chuping, Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army made great progress, even breaking Yanzhou County and attacking Yanzhou Secretariat Liu Dai. Hebei Beixin and others welcomed Cao Cao as Yanzhou shepherd. Cao Cao and Bao Xin joined forces to attack the Yellow Scarf. Bao Xin died in battle. Cao Cao "set up an Indiana Jones and fought day and night" and finally defeated the Yellow Scarf. More than 300,000 people were killed and the population exceeded one million. Cao Cao, with his elite, formed an army named Qingzhou Bing.
In the autumn of the fourth year of Xian Di Chuping (193), Cao Cao invaded Xuzhou (now Tancheng, Shandong Province) and expanded his power to the southeast. Xuzhou grazing, retreated to Tanxian County. Soon Cao Cao's provisions will be exhausted, and he will retreat to the army. The following summer, Cao Cao levied Xuzhou again, just to the East China Sea. During Cao Cao's expedition to Xuzhou, he was repeatedly killed, and along the way, "chickens and dogs were scattered and there were no pedestrians in the market."
Liu Chen, who had participated in the battle of Dong Zhuo, and Chen Gong, the ministry of Cao Cao, were dissatisfied with Cao Cao, so they rebelled against Cao Cao and welcomed Lu Bu as Yanzhou shepherd. Lyu3 bu4 was a famous soldier at that time. First, it was Dong Zhuo's ministry, and once conspired with Wang Yun to assassinate Dong Zhuo.
At that time, only Juancheng (now Shandong), Fan (now southeast of Fanxian County, Shandong) and Dong 'e (now northeast of Yanggu Valley, Shandong) were still under Cao Cao's control, while Sima, Shou, Cheng Yu and Xia Houdun, the satrap of Dongjun, persisted, and the situation was very critical. Cao Cao rushed back from Xuzhou and heard that Lu Bu was in Puyang, so he marched into Puyang and besieged it. After more than one hundred days of stalemate between the two armies, the plague of locusts rose sharply, the two sides stopped fighting, and Cao Cao Jun returned to Juancheng.
In the summer of the second year of Xingping (195), Cao Cao's whole army fought Lu Bu again, and defeated Lu Bu's army in Juye (now south of Juye, Shandong Province), and Lu Bu fled to Xuzhou to take refuge in Liu Bei.
In the second year, Cao Cao drove Lu Bu and Zhang Miao out of Yanzhou and rushed to Xingping from Liu Chen. After six years of operation, he finally has his own base. Cao Cao's army was only a few thousand at first. Before and after he became the prefect of the East County, he recruited some powerful landlords with clans, sects and other soldiers to join, and then defeated the Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army and incorporated its elite to form the "Qingzhou Soldiers". In this way, Cao Cao had a very effective army. Base area and army are the basic conditions for Cao Cao's success.
Liu Xie and Xian Di have been in a state of drift from place to place since Dong Zhuo grabbed Chang 'an. In July of the first year of Jian 'an, Xian Di finally returned to Luoyang, which was devastated by Dong Zhuo's rebellion. Guan Baiju has no fixed place, "cutting through the thorns, leaning against the mountains and walls", and Luoyang has no food. "There are Qiang Bing in each county, but the Committee can't lose it. If you are hungry, you can be self-sufficient or starve to death."
As early as the third year of Chuping (192), Mao Jie, Cao Cao's counselor, put forward a strategic proposal to Cao Cao, which won his trust. In August of the first year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao went to Luoyang to appear before Xian Di. Immediately, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was taken hostage and moved to Xuchang. From then on, Cao Cao gained the advantage of relying on the emperor to be a vassal. This is a great political success of Cao Cao.
During the Han and Wei Dynasties, social production was severely damaged and a great famine occurred. During this period, food supply became the biggest problem of military groups, and countless people were invincible because of lack of military food.
In the first year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao adopted the advice of Zhao Zhi and others, and used the materials seized by the broken yellow turban to support the people and cultivate the land. That year, it made great achievements and won millions of dollars. So Cao Cao ordered the establishment of a captain in each county to open up wasteland. Reclaiming farmland effectively solved the food problem of Cao Cao Group, so Cao Cao said, "It will be a big field in the future, rich in national use, and will destroy the rebellion and level the world."
At the same time, Cao Cao took various measures to support the yeoman economy. In view of the loss of population and the barren fields at that time, Cao Cao successively took measures such as recruiting refugees, relocating the population, persuading farmers to mulberry, building water conservancy projects, and checking households to enrich the number of households and resume agricultural production. In addition, Cao Cao issued decrees one after another to restore the normal rent adjustment system and prevent the strongmen from annexing small farmers. In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200 years), Cao Cao promulgated a new collection system. By the ninth year of Jian 'an, it was clear: "He rented four liters of land, and the household paid two silks, only two pounds. He must not be good at it. " This series of measures implemented before and after Cao Cao enabled the yeoman economy on the verge of collapse to recover and develop continuously. This has become a solid economic foundation for Cao Cao Group.
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