Deng Jiaxian was born in Huaining County, Anhui Province in 1924. The following year, he went to Beijing with his mother and grew up beside his father, who was a philosophy professor at Tsinghua and Peking University. He entered primary school at the age of 5 and laid a good foundation of Chinese and western culture under the guidance of his father. In 1935, he was admitted to Zhicheng Middle School and became best friends with Yang Zhenning, who was two classes taller than him and a neighbor in Tsinghua University. Deng Jiaxian was deeply influenced by the patriotic national salvation movement on campus. After the fall of Beiping in 1937, he secretly attended the anti-Japanese party. Under the arrangement of his father, he went to Kunming, the rear area, with his elder sister, and was admitted to the Physics Department of Southwest United University in 1941.
from p>1948 to 195, he went to Purdue University in the United States to study abroad, and obtained a doctorate in physics, and returned to China in the same year. In October 195, he was assigned to work in China Academy of Sciences. In 1956, he joined the China Producer Party. He has served as an assistant researcher at the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, an associate researcher at the Institute of Atomic Energy, the president of the Ninth Research Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, the deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, the deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the National Defense Science and Industry Committee, the member of the Department of Mathematical Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the first and second executive directors of the China Nuclear Society. He is a member of the 12th Central Committee of CPC. Participate in organizing and leading the research and design of China's nuclear weapons. Is one of the founders of China's nuclear weapons theory research. From the principle breakthrough and test success of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb and their weaponization to the major principle breakthrough and development test of new nuclear weapons, they have made great contributions. As the main participant, his achievements have won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award and the special prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. Known as "the father of China's atomic bomb".
[ Edit this paragraph] Deng Jiaxian's life
Deng Jiaxian was born on June 25th, 1924 in Huaining County, Anhui Province. His grandfather was a famous calligrapher and seal engraver in Qing Dynasty, and his father Deng Yizhe was a famous aesthetician and art historian in China. He used to be a professor of philosophy in Tsinghua University and Peking University. In 1925, his mother brought him to Beijing to live with his father. He entered primary school at the age of 5 and laid a good foundation of Chinese and western culture under the guidance of his father. In 1935, he was admitted to Chongde Middle School, and became best friends with Yang Zhenning, who was two classes taller than him and a neighbor in Tsinghua University. Graduated from Kunming Southwest United University in 1945, and went to Purdue University to study theoretical physics from 1948 to 195!
He had a long-cherished wish to become a powerful country through science and technology since he was a teenager, and closely linked his personal career with the rise and fall of the nation.
Deng Jiaxian was deeply influenced by the patriotic national salvation movement on campus. After the "July 7th Incident", his family stayed in Beijing, and he secretly attended the anti-Japanese party. Under the arrangement of his father, 16-year-old Deng Jiaxian went to the home front with her elder sister, finished high school in Jiangjin, Sichuan, and was admitted to the Physics Department of Southwest Associated University in 1941, where she was educated by famous professors such as Wang Zhuxi and Zheng Huachi. When War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression won the victory, he got the diploma, joined the "People's Youth", the peripheral organization of China's * * * production party, and devoted himself to the struggle for democracy and against the dictatorship of the Kuomintang. The following year, he returned to Peiping, was employed as a teaching assistant in the Department of Physics of Peking University, and served as the chairman of the Peking University Staff Union in the student movement.
With the ambition of learning more skills to build a new China, he passed the postgraduate examination in the United States in 1947 and entered the graduate school of Purdue University in Indiana in the following autumn. Because of his outstanding academic achievements, he read all the credits in less than two years and passed the doctoral thesis defense. At this time, he was only 26 years old and was called "Dr. Doll". Dr. Doll, who had just obtained his degree for nine days, resolutely gave up his excellent living and working conditions in the United States and returned to his poor motherland.
In August p>195, Deng Jiaxian refused to be retained by his mentor and friends at the same school, and decided to return to China. In October of the same year, Deng Jiaxian came to the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences as a researcher. At the reception of the foreign affairs department in Beijing, someone asked him what he had brought back. He said: "I brought a few nylon socks that China can't produce under my eyes to my father, and I also brought a head of knowledge about atomic nuclei." In the following eight years, he studied China's nuclear theory. In 1953, he married Xu Luxi. Xu Luxi was an important student leader of the May 4th Movement and the eldest daughter of Xu Deheng, who later served as vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). In 1956, Deng Jiaxian joined the China Producer Party.
In the autumn of p>1958, Qian Sanqiang, Vice Minister of the Second Machinery Department, approached Deng Jiaxian and said that "the country would set off a big firecracker" and asked him if he would like to take part in this work which must be kept strictly confidential. Deng Jiaxian agreed without hesitation. When he went home, he only told his wife that he "wanted to transfer his job". He could no longer take care of his family and children, and communication was difficult. The wife, who was nurtured by patriotic thoughts since childhood, understood that her husband must be engaged in work of great significance to the country and expressed her firm support. From then on, Deng Jiaxian's name disappeared in publications and external contacts, and his figure only appeared in the deep courtyard with strict guards and the Gobi desert.
After Deng Jiaxian became the director of the Theory Department of the Ninth Research Institute of the Second Machinery Department, he first selected a group of college students to prepare relevant Russian materials and atomic bomb models. In June 1959, the Soviet government terminated the original agreement, and the Central Committee made up its mind to make atomic bombs and satellites by itself. Deng Jiaxian served as the head of the theoretical design of the atomic bomb, while deploying his colleagues to study and calculate separately, and he also took the lead in tackling key problems. When confronted with a figure of atmospheric pressure left by a Soviet expert, Deng Jiaxian overturned the original conclusion with rigorous calculation with the help of Zhou Guangzhao, thus solving the key problem related to the success or failure of China's atomic bomb test. Mathematician Hua Luogeng later said that this is the result of "a collection of mathematical problems in the world".
China's development of the atomic bomb is in a difficult period of three years. Although researchers in cutting-edge fields have a high food ration, they are often hungry because of lack of oil and water. Deng Jiaxian can get a little food stamp support from his father-in-law, but all of them are used to buy cookies and share them with colleagues when he is nervous at work. It is under such difficult conditions that they work overtime day and night. When "roughly estimating" parameters, we should have physical intuition; When planning and calculating day and night, you should have mathematical insight; When deciding on a plan, you should have courage and sound judgment. But whether the theory is accurate is always a question. I don't know if his hand trembled when he signed the key plan ...
Deng Jiaxian not only worked hard in secret scientific research institutes, but also often went to the Gobi proving ground where sand and stones were flying. He braved the heat and cold, spent eight years as a bachelor in the proving ground, and led nuclear tests on the spot for 15 times, thus mastering a lot of first-hand materials. In October 1964, China successfully exploded the first atomic bomb, and it was he who finally signed the design scheme. He also led the researchers to quickly enter the explosion site to take samples after the test to confirm the effect. He joined Yu Min and others in the study of hydrogen bombs. According to the "Deng Yu plan", the hydrogen bomb was finally made, and it was successfully tested two years and eight months after the atomic bomb exploded. This is the fastest speed in the world, compared with 8 years in France, 7 years in the United States and 1 years in the Soviet Union.
in p>1972, Deng Jiaxian served as the vice president of the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute, and in 1979, he served as the president. In 1984, deep in the desert, he successfully conducted the second generation of new nuclear weapons tests in China. The following year, the spread of his cancer cells could not be saved. His request on National Day was to visit Tiananmen Square. On July 16th, 1986, the State Council awarded him the National May 1st Labor Medal. On July 29th of the same year, Deng Jiaxian passed away. His last words were still about how to work hard on cutting-edge weapons, and urged: "Don't let others leave us too far ..."
[Edit this paragraph] Deng Jiaxian's contribution
Deng Jiaxian was the main organizer and leader of China's nuclear weapons research and development, and was called the "two bombs". In the research of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, Deng Jiaxian led the basic theoretical research on detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state, neutron transport and so on, completed the theoretical scheme of atomic bomb, and participated in guiding the detonation simulation test of nuclear test. After the success of the atomic bomb test, Deng Jiaxian organized forces to explore the design principle of hydrogen bombs and selected technical approaches. He led and personally participated in the development and experiment of China's first hydrogen bomb in 1967.
The Summary of Theoretical Research on China's First Atomic Bomb, written by Deng Jiaxian and Zhou Guangzhao, is a groundbreaking basic masterpiece on the theoretical design of nuclear weapons, which summarizes the research achievements of hundreds of scientists. This work not only plays a guiding role in the future theoretical design, but also serves as an introductory textbook for training researchers. Deng Jiaxian also made an important contribution to the study of the equation of state at high temperature and high pressure. In order to train young researchers, he also wrote many lectures on electrodynamics, plasma physics, spherical concentric detonation wave theory, etc. Even after assuming the heavy responsibility of dean, he began to write "quantum field theory" and "group theory" after work.
Deng Jiaxian is an outstanding representative of China intellectuals. For the prosperity of the motherland and the development of national defense scientific research, he was willing to be an unsung hero and struggled in obscurity for decades. He often appears in the most dangerous positions at critical moments, regardless of personal safety, which fully embodies his lofty and selfless dedication. He made outstanding contributions to the development of China's nuclear weapons, but little was known. Only after his death did people know his deeds.
Although Deng Jiaxian has been the leader of nuclear testing for a long time, he appeared in the front line at the most critical and dangerous time in the spirit of being extremely responsible for his work. For example, the life and death of nuclear weapons, such as inserting detonators and uranium ball processing, are all at the dangerous moment of one shot, which not only strengthens management, but also gives great encouragement to operators. Deng Jiaxian's ci is
stepping all over the Gobi * * * grassland,
twenty-five years ago,
connecting with thousands of customs,
working together to take the lead,
making great contributions to the world.
contempt for nuclear blackmail,
Chinese innovation articles,
you regard fame and fortune as dirt,
Xu Shen is a powerful country, and
meritorious deeds benefit the world.
once, there was a parachute accident during the flight test, and the atomic bomb fell to the ground and was broken. Deng Jiaxian was well aware of the danger, but he grabbed it by himself and took the broken atomic bomb fragments into his hand for careful inspection. As a medical professor, his wife knew that he had "held" the cracked atomic bomb and forced Deng Jiaxian to check it when he returned to Beijing. It was found that there were radioactive substances in his urine, his liver was damaged and radioactive substances were invaded in his bone marrow. Subsequently, Deng Jiaxian still insisted on returning to the nuclear test base. When he was struggling, he insisted on loading the detonator himself, and for the first time, he gave an order to the people around him with the authority of the dean: "You are still young, you can't go!" In 1985, Deng Jiaxian finally left Lop Nur and returned to Beijing, still wanting to attend the meeting. The doctor forced him to be hospitalized and informed him that he had cancer. He collapsed feebly in his hospital bed, facing the comfort of his wife and defense minister Zhang Aiping, and said calmly, "I knew this day would come, but I didn't expect it to come so soon." The central authorities tried their best, but they couldn't save his life. Shortly before Deng Jiaxian's death, the organization provided him with a private car. He just sat in with the help of his family and turned around a little, indicating that he had enjoyed the treatment given by the state. Thirteen years after his death, on the eve of the 5th anniversary of the National Day in 1999, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission posthumously awarded Deng Jiaxian the gold "Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Medal".
Westerners always find it incredible that China can develop "two bombs and one satellite" (atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and satellite) in such a short time and on such a poor basis. Before returning from visiting relatives in China, Yang Zhenning deliberately asked Deng Jiaxian, who had not revealed the nature of his work, and said, "It was said in the United States that an American helped develop the atomic bomb in China. Is this true? " After consulting Zhou Enlai, Deng Jiaxian wrote to tell him: "Both the atomic bomb and the hydrogen bomb were developed by China people themselves." Yang Zhenning shed tears with excitement after reading it. It is precisely because China has such a group of dedicated intellectuals that it has stood up a strong national backbone.
In p>195, Deng Jiaxian returned from Purdue University in the United States, and successively served as a member of the Department of Physical Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and president of the Ninth Research Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. He was elected as a member of the 12th Central Committee of the China Production Party and a national model worker. He signed the master plan for China's first atomic bomb.
In p>1948, with the ideal of saving the country through science, Deng Jiaxian traveled across the ocean to study in the United States and worked as a researcher at Purdue University. It only took more than one year to get his doctorate.
He was advised to stay in the United States, but Deng Jiaxian declined politely. In October 195, he gave up his excellent working conditions and living environment and returned to China with more than 2 experts and scholars. As soon as he arrived in Beijing, he joined his teachers, Professor Wang Ganchang and Professor Peng Huanwu, in the construction of China Institute of Modern Physics, which opened up a brand-new situation in the theoretical research of nuclear physics in China. In 1956, Deng Jiaxian gloriously joined the China * * * Production Party.
at that time, the central government decided to develop the atomic bomb on its own. When Deng Jiaxian learned that he was going to take part in the design of the atomic bomb, he was so excited that he couldn't sleep. What a glorious and sacred career it was! But at the same time, he felt that the task was arduous and the burden was very heavy.
Since then, Deng Jiaxian has devoted all his efforts to the task with the determination to make his career as fast as possible.
First of all, he took a group of college students who had just stepped out of the school, and picked bricks and tiles day and night to build a test site. He just crushed an asphalt road in the chaotic grave and built an atomic bomb teaching model hall next to the pine forest ...
Without information and experimental conditions, Deng Jiaxian provoked the heavy responsibility of exploring the atomic bomb theory. In order to be the "leader" in the first work of atomic bomb design, he led everyone to study theory hard and engage in cutting-edge scientific research on their own. Deng Jiaxian recommended a package of books and materials, which he thought were guides to explore the mystery of the theoretical design of the atomic bomb.
As they are all foreign languages, and there is only one copy, Deng Jiaxian has to organize everyone to read, read by one person, translate by everyone and print overnight.
In order to solve the scientific mystery of the atomic bomb, in the suburbs of Beijing, scientists are determined to give full play to the collective wisdom and develop China's "competitive bomb". At that time, due to the difficult conditions, comrades used abacus to carry out extremely complicated atomic theoretical calculations. In order to calculate a data, they worked three shifts a day. Counting once takes more than a month, and counting nine times takes more than a year, often working until dawn. As the head of the theory department, Deng Jiaxian, a follower, instructs young people in arithmetic. Whenever he was overtired and his thinking was interrupted, he said anxiously, "Alas, one sun is not enough!" "
In order to let the young people who work with him have a rest and get a job.