original text
Yu Qian monk Lu Junxuan
Su Shi [Song Dynasty]
It is better to eat without meat than to live without bamboo.
No meat makes people thin, no bamboo makes people vulgar.
People are thin and fat, but most people are incurable.
Others scoff at this, so high that they are stupid.
If you still munch on this gentleman, how can there be Yangzhou cranes in the world?
translate
I would rather have no meat to eat than live without bamboo.
Without meat, people will be thin, without bamboo, people will be vulgar.
The reason is that people are thin and fat, and it is difficult to cure them.
Others don't understand this, so they ask this statement with a smile: "Do you like being tall or stupid?"
Then I want to ask, if you are still munching on this gentleman (bamboo), if you want to have a lofty name and a sweet taste, how can there be such a beautiful thing as "Yangzhou Crane" in the world?
To annotate ...
⑴ Yu Qian: The name of the old county, in today's Lin 'an City, Zhejiang Province, there is Jingzhao Temple in the south of the county, and there is Lv Junxuan in the temple. Monk: His name is Zi, and his word is Huijue. He became a monk in the quiet Zhao Temple in Guo Feng Township, Gan County.
(2) This gentleman: use the allusions of Wang Jinhui. Wang Huizhi likes bamboo very much. Once he stayed at a friend's house and immediately ordered people to plant bamboo. When someone asked him why, Hui said, "How can I live without this gentleman for a day?" This gentleman is bamboo. Chewing: From Cao Zhi's Heavy Book Wu Ji: "Chewing after killing the door, although not meat, is expensive and enjoyable."
⑶ Yangzhou Crane: A novel by Yin Yun. The main idea of the story is that there are guests with their own opinions. Some want to be the secretariat of Yangzhou, some want to buy more money, and some want to ride a crane to heaven and become immortal. One of them said that he wanted to "ride a crane to the state for 100 thousand yuan" to be promoted to a higher position and become a fairy.
Creation background
In the spring of the sixth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1073), when Su Shi was the general of Hangzhou, he went from Fuyang and Deng Xin to Yunyunling and entered the latent county to "see politics". Hui Jue, a monk in Ganxian County, became a monk in Jingzhao Temple in Guo Feng Township, South Erli. There is a green corridor in the temple, decorated with bamboo, which is very elegant. Su Shi and monk Hui Jue wrote this song "Yu Qian and monk Lu" when they visited Lu.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem is entitled "Yu Qian and Shang Lu" to praise elegance and virtue, and criticize materialism and vulgarity. Poetry is mainly about discussion, but it is elegant.
According to the Biography of Wang Huizhi in the Book of Jin, Wang Huizhi, the son of Wang Xizhi, was elegant and loved bamboo. Once, he lived in an empty house and immediately planted bamboo. Someone asked him why, but he didn't give a positive explanation. Xiao Yong pointed to the bamboo and said, "There is not a day without this gentleman!" """this' would rather eat without meat than live without bamboo' is to bring this canon and praise to the hermit. Because there is such an otherworldly image in allusions, and poetry uses the tone of "can" and "can't", the image of a monk who is detached from things immediately jumps to the page.
"No meat makes people thin, no bamboo makes people vulgar" is the further development of "no bamboo in the house". Full of philosophy and charm, write the value of material and spirit, virtue and food in comparison; It is not sweet to eat, but "thin" at best; People without Matsuzaka Festival and elegance will be "vulgar". This is not only a tribute to the monk's day, but also a warning to those who lack it. Then it is more penetrating to express this intention with "people are thin and fat, and laity is hopeless". The most important thing for a person is ideological character and spiritual realm. As long as there is noble sentiment, there will be lofty pines and cypresses, fragrant plums and bamboos, uprightness without fear of violence and Excellence in behavior; On the contrary, it will win fame and fortune, care about gains and losses, abuse power for personal gain, change with the wind, and be vulgar and ugly. This kind of people often think they are smart and wise, and they can't change their nature if they don't listen to advice, so the poet said that this kind of "laity is incurable"-medical treatment is ineffective.
The above is the first paragraph. The characteristics of this paragraph are: accurate wording, incisive argument and thought-provoking.
It's like looking at the mountain and not liking peace. All the above are the poet's comments. Although the language is extraordinary, if the poet speaks frankly, he will be suspected of going straight. So the next paragraph broke the waves again and turned to new ideas. The incorrigible "laity" stands up and performs himself: "Others laugh at this saying:' as tall as a fool'" This kind of "laity" is the aforementioned "laity" and is a way of "showing off" in rhetoric. He listened to the poet's comments and didn't agree. Although he thinks that "inseparable from bamboo" is a completely pedantic theory and a pedantic point of view, he verbally describes this theory as "as tall as stupid", which shows this sophisticated and sleek feature from this ambiguous tone; He will never make enemies by making decisive remarks in the debate.
The following is the poet's ridicule and backchat to the layman: "If you still chew this gentleman, there will be Yangzhou cranes in the world!" The meaning of the poem is: I want to plant bamboo, and I have a lofty reputation, but I also want to chew it. There is no such thing as "riding a crane to the state" on the earth. People with high popularity seldom have money, and rich people seldom become famous; An official has no time to be a senior student, and an enlightened one has no time to be an official; People who eat meat do not have high knots, and people who eat high knots do not eat meat; You can't have both benefits, let alone multiple benefits.
This poem is mainly composed of five words, mainly discussing. However, due to the proper use of prosaic sentence patterns (such as "Don't leave bamboo in the house" and "If you still chew this gentleman") and some expressions of Fu (such as the discussion in the dialogue), you can see elegance in the discussion, make waves in the discussion, and contain images in the discussion. Su Shi is very good at using topics and has rich associative power. He can create new ideas and say extraordinary things in ordinary topics. This poem is an example.
Brief introduction of the author
Su Shi, (1037 65438+10.8-165438+August 24, 0),No. Zizhan, He Zhong, a famous Taoist of tin cans, Dongpo Jushi,No. Su Dongpo, Su Xian, Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (Sichuan Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. Vertical and horizontal text; Poetry has a wide range of themes, fresh and healthy, uses exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. Ci is an uninhibited school, and Xin Qiji is the representative of the uninhibited school, also known as "Su Xin"; Prose writing is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi's good book, one of Song Sijia; He is good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu, they are also called "the four great writers of the ages". His works include Seven Chapters of Dongpo, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu, Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas, Ancient Wood and Strange Stone Atlas, etc.