Lu You (Southern Song Dynasty) Lu You's "Bu Operator" fan calligraphy broke the bridge and posted, ② lonely. It's dusk, and it's stormy. I have no intention of striving for spring, and a group of people are jealous. ⑤ Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, ⑤ Only the fragrance remains. [ 1]
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The title of "Operator" is "Yongmei", which expresses its lonely, elegant and clean interest. This is exactly the same as Mr. Lian Xi (Zhou Dunyi) who only loves lotus flowers, which are clear and not evil, and uses lotus flowers as a metaphor. The author also uses plum blossoms as a metaphor. Lu You once praised plum blossom "The more awe-inspiring the snow, the stronger the integrity in the flower" ("Falling Plum"). Plum blossoms are so beautiful and unique that many flowers are produced, but "now" is actually open outside the post station in the country. The dilapidated "broken bridge" is naturally inaccessible and lonely, and plum blossoms have always been neglected. From this sentence, we can know that it is neither a plum in the government nor a plum in a famous garden, but a "wild plum" growing in a remote suburb. It can't get the care it deserves, let alone be appreciated. With the metabolism of the four seasons, it opens silently and withers silently. It's all one person, and I'm at a loss-who's in charge? This is a plum without a master. In the sentence "Loneliness without a Master", the author pours his feelings into the objective scenery. The first sentence is situational language, which is already a love story. Sunset dusk, twilight hazy, this lonely plum blossom, how to bear this desolation? It is only "sadness"-and it is "loneliness", which echoes the "loneliness" in the previous sentence. The broken bridge, dusk and dusk outside the post are already lonely and sad, adding more melancholy rain and deepening loneliness. The word "more" is very powerful. The first three sentences seem to describe the predicament of plum blossom, but the second sentence, "the rain of the tiller", breaks the previous "limit" like a heavy hammer. This kind of sadness seems unbearable, and the emotional rendering has reached a climax. However, despite the cold environment, it is still "open". It, "all trees are cold and colorless, and the south branch is alone" (Daoyuan); It, "Xiang Xuehai dares to make thousands of flowers, and it is unique and leads the world in spring" (Yang Weizhen). The last four sentences only say that Meihua is in a bad situation, which is just an "open" word for Meihua, but its stubbornness and tenacity are self-evident Shang Kun concentrated on the difficult situation of Meihua, and it did have "troubles". From an artistic point of view, when describing sadness, the author does not use the metaphors used by poets and poets, but uses environment, time and natural phenomena to contrast sadness. Kuang Zhouyi said: "Words take God from a distance and only describe the scenery, while God speaks for himself. This is a master." ("Hui Feng Hua Ci") In other words, the author describes so many "landscapes" in order to obtain the "divine purpose" of plum blossoms; "Those who are deeper than romance are good at writing landscapes" (Tian Tongzhi's xipu Ci). The four sentences of Shangque can be said to be "double paintings of scenes". Let readers feel the author's mood in a specific environment-from a series of worries about the scenery. It also allows readers to gradually step into the author's state of mind. Send me a message. Plum blossom, it blooms the earliest. "All the trees are frozen and ready to fold, and the lonely roots are warm and lonely" (Miracle); "I don't know if the recent spray started first, but I suspect it didn't disappear after the winter snow" (Zhang Wei). It is it that ushered in spring. But it "has no intention of fighting for spring." In spring, hundreds of flowers are in full bloom, competing for novelty and beauty, while plum blossoms do not "compete for spring". Han Ling starts first, only the sincerity to welcome the spring. People who are "bitter" are desperate, desperate and try their best. Satire the square group from the side. Plum blossoms are not meant to compete with each other. Even if Fang Qun is jealous, it is their own business. Let's be jealous for a while. In writing, writing and writing are completely intertwined. It is a natural phenomenon that plants and trees are ruthless and flowers bloom and fall. However, it implies that the author's unfortunate experience exposes the shameless behavior of those who steal peace. Saying "striving for spring" is a metaphor for personnel; "Jealousy" is beyond the reach of vegetation. These two sentences show Lu You's aloof character, his character of never interacting with flatterers and flatterers, and his unyielding pride of not being afraid of slander and preserving himself. The last few words take the "unique style" of plum blossom a step further: "Scattered into mud, ground into dust, but the fragrance remains unchanged". The previous sentence inherited Shang Kun's miserable situation of loneliness, no ownership, sunset at dusk and wind and rain. These seven words have been frustrated four times: "fallen flowers", which can't stand the devastation of wind and rain, and plum blossoms have fallen. This is the first floor. It's the second floor. Mud and water are mixed. There is no argument about which is the flower and which is the mud. Judging from the word "run", it shows the ruthlessness of the destroyer and the tragic situation of the victim, which is the third layer. As a result, the plum blossom was destroyed and trampled to ashes. This is the fourth floor. You see, the fate of Meihua is so tragic that it is unimaginable. The reader has integrated the feelings revealed between the lines. But the author's purpose is not just to write about the tragic experience of plum blossoms and arouse people's sympathy; In terms of writing techniques, it is still paving the way, ready to go, in order to push the meaning of the next sentence to the highest peak. Although the plum blossom has fallen, it has been trampled into dirt and crushed into dust. "Only the fragrance will remain unchanged", but its "unique" fragrance will never change, and it will not succumb to the threat of loneliness and wind and rain, but will do its best and will not change at all. Even if it withers into "dust", it should be "as fragrant as ever" The last sentence has the power to carry the tripod, which awakens the whole article and puts the unfortunate situation of plum blossom being attacked by wind and rain, withered and scattered, desolate and desolate in front. It is "the last sentence depends on strength" (Zhuo Renyue's Ci Tong). The reason why this "vigorous festival" can be "imagined" is precisely because this word successfully uses the metaphor of plum blossom. The author describes himself with the natural metabolism of plum blossom and has a personalized plum blossom. As an expression of thoughts and feelings, "Yongmei" left a deep impression on people and became Yongmei's masterpiece. [ 1]
Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden Lin Bu
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Flowers withered, unique plum blossoms swept out against the wind, and the scenery of the small park was beautiful. "Mottled shadows hang obliquely on the clear shallow water, and their fragrance spreads peacefully in the moonlight dusk." Cold birds want to fly, first glimpse plum blossoms; Butterflies will be enchanting if they know the beauty of plum blossoms. Fortunately, there are micro-songs to compare, and there is no need for sandalwood golden jars. [ 1]
One is that Lin Bu is addicted to raising cranes and never marries. She is praised by the world as "the crane of plum wives", so the plum in his eyes is full of emotion, and the plum in his works is even more fascinating. In the first couplet, Mei stood in the wind with a smile despite the cold. The words "numerous" and "unique" are relative, which means that there is only one flower between heaven and earth. How clean and noble it is. However, although Mei Pin is tall, she is not arrogant. The small gardens and gardens that are only in the mountains are castles in the air. What a "rich tranquility" and full beauty. Zhuan Xu is the most praised by the world, giving people a beautiful picture of a garden in the mountains. The light pen in the previous sentence outlines the skeleton of plum, which is light and "like a thin shadow" and "like a shock"; "Horizontal" conveys charm and sings against the wind; "The water is clear and shallow" shows its clearness, agility and warmth. The next sentence depicts Mei Yun in thick ink. "Dark fragrance" is invisible and fragrant, and it comes with the wind, which is as interesting as hide and seek. "Gone with the wind" comes from its leisurely style, drifting away, quite fairy; Moonlight Dusk, with its wonderful background, brings people to a touching moment in time, and introduces people to a charming artistic conception of "sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn water is the same color as the sky" in space. The first couplet is extremely eye-catching and concise. Lin Bu's two poems are not fiction. He not only has a real sense of life, but also draws lessons from the poems of his predecessors. There is a remnant sentence in Nantanghe in the Five Dynasties: "Bamboo shadows are shallow, and Gui Xiang floats at dusk." These two sentences are all about bamboo and osmanthus. Not only did I not write the characteristics of bamboo shadow, but I also didn't talk about the fragrance of osmanthus. Because there is no title, no complete poem, no unified and harmonious theme and artistic conception, and no passion of the protagonist, it lacks touching power. Lin Bu just changed the word "bamboo" to "sparse" and changed the word "laurel" to "dark" to make plum blossom vivid. The first two couplets are written in real words, and the last two couplets are written in vain. Necklace couplets "look at things with things", "frost bird" refers to white cranes, and "stealing eyes" describes their impatience, which is full of temptation because of the beauty of plum fragrance; Comparison between Pink Butterfly and Frostbird. Although they are all flying creatures, one big and one small, one bird and one insect, one timely and one untimely, the picture is full of changes. "Broken Soul" is slightly exaggerated, and the language is extremely heavy. The color, fragrance and taste of plums are praised as "the ultimate beauty". The poem "Yin Wei" is actually about "plum in the mouth", and "taste" means indifferent and elegant. Although not full of food, it can warm the heart, cleanse the taste, be emotional and cast the soul, expressing the poet's life purport and spiritual pursuit of being one with Mei. At this point, the poet's appreciation of plums entered what Feng Youlan called "the realm of heaven and earth", but what people saw was the "frost bird". Su Shi once said in "After Lin Bu's Poems": "Mr. Wang is a peerless man with a clear heart and a cold bone." The General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu says: "His poems are pure and elegant, just like people." It can be seen that what he said is true, and the charm of poetry is the portrayal of the poet's lonely, lofty and indifferent personality. From the perspective of image construction, it is not easy to talk about Xiaomei in Mountain Garden, but it is unique that the poet takes things as the lining and scenery as the support, making it the central image in a painting. When describing plum blossoms in detail, the poet combines reality with contrast, which makes the whole poem ups and downs in rhythm, shades in color, dynamic environment and dreamlike scenery, fully embodying the beauty of "mountain garden", which is also ignored by many appreciators. It is through this point that the author vividly expresses the spiritual character of "being rich and thriving" and "being interesting and broad". This is also necessary. The author's theme of Mei shows the consistent pursuit of China traditional literati, but it is also quite distinctive. As far as "thin shadow" is concerned, Ouyang Xiu said: "There were many people in Yongmei in the last life, and there was no such thing." Chen said, "I read the poem by the West Lake, and I watched the quiet posture by the water every year. Clear the window and draw a horizontal oblique shadow, which is better than a thousand villages of night snow. " He thinks that Lin Bu's Yongmei poems overshadow the famous sentence "A thousand villages in Zita Law, a flower bloomed last night" in Tang Qi's poem "Early Plum". Wang gave him a higher evaluation and praised him as the eternal swan song: "The fragrance and kind words of Yue's family overshadowed the eternal swan song." In Niannujiao, Xin Qiji advised poets not to send plum blossoms hastily: "There is no need to send plum blossoms hastily, there are many poets. I have been in Chu Shi, West Lake Forest, and refused to leave the romantic. " Because this couplet is particularly famous, the words "thin shadow" and "faint fragrance" became key signature who wrote plum poems for later generations. For example, Jiang Kui's two Yongmei Ci poems, Fragrant Fragrance and Thin Shadow, have since become proper nouns of Yongmei. It can be seen that Lin Bu's Yongmei poems have a great influence on later scholars. This can only mean one thing. More importantly, Lin Bu's Mei is no longer full of Leng Xiang, but full of "plump beauty", full of spirit, strength, temperature and great prospects. Because of this, poetry has a strong sense of reality, which makes people feel very real. Back to nature, Lin Bu, as the wife of Mei, wrote this poem with an idealistic tendency, which really made people embark on a spiritual and aesthetic journey. These three things are also unique. It is not easy for the author to write such a wonderful sentence. There were many other poets in the early Song Dynasty, who focused on depicting fresh and small natural scenery in a narrow pattern by means of bitter songs, expressing the frustrated or relaxed interest of literati. This mainly inherited the poetic style of Jia Dao and Yao He in Tang Dynasty, and Lin Bu was one of these poets. In addition, the pattern of "a beautiful garden in the mountains" is too small, and the pretentious slogan behind it is really afraid of being unknown. [2]