Guo Moruo (November 16, 1892 - June 12, 1978) was born on September 27, the 18th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (November 16, 1892) in Guan, Leshan City, Sichuan Province. Shawan Town, E Township, Han nationality, original name Guo Kaizhen, courtesy name Dingtang, nickname Wenbao, nickname Shangwu; pen name Moruo (because there are two rivers in his hometown called "Moshui" and "Ruoshui");, Mai Ke'ang, Guo Dingtang , Shi Tuo, Gao Ruhong, Yang Yizhi, etc.
An outstanding member of the Communist Party of China, committed to the world peace movement, is a famous proletarian writer, poet, playwright, archaeologist, thinker, paleographer, and historian in modern my country. , calligrapher, scholar and famous revolutionary and social activist, famous at home and abroad; he is the founder of my country's new poetry and a recognized leader in the revolutionary cultural circle after Lu Xun;
Entered a private school at a young age, 1906 Entered Jiading College to study.
In the spring of 1914, he went to Japan to study, first studying medicine and then studying literature. Graduated from the Department of Medicine, Kyushu Imperial University, Japan. During this period, he came into contact with the works of foreign writers such as Tagore, Goethe, Shakespeare, and Whitman.
"The Shepherd's Lament" written in the spring of 1918 is his first novel. "The Temptation of Death" written in the early summer of 1918 is his earliest new poem.
When the May 4th Movement broke out in 1919, he organized the national salvation group Xiashe in Fukuoka, Japan, devoted himself to the New Culture Movement, and wrote "Phoenix Nirvana", "Earth, My Mother", "Coal in the Furnace" " and other poems. The representative collection of poems "The Goddess" (published in 1921) broke away from the shackles of traditional Chinese poetry, reflected the spirit of the "May 4th" era, and opened up a new generation of poetry in the history of Chinese literature.
In June 1921, he, Cheng Fangwu, Yu Dafu and others organized the Creation Society and edited "Creation Quarterly".
In 1923, he graduated from the Imperial University of Japan and continued to edit "Creation Weekly" and "Creation Day" after returning to Japan.
After 1923, he systematically studied Marxist theory and advocated proletarian literature.
In 1926, he participated in the Northern Expedition and served as deputy director of the Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army. After the failure of the great revolution, he refused Chiang Kai-shek's earnest solicitation and wrote a critique of Chiang Kai-shek's "A Look at Chiang Kai-shek Today" and then participated in the "August 1st" Nanchang Campaign. uprising.
Between 1924 and 1927, he created the historical dramas "Wang Zhaojun", "Nie Chang" and "Zhuo Wenjun".
In 1928, because he was wanted by Chiang Kai-shek, he lived in Japan and engaged in research on ancient Chinese history and paleography. He wrote "Study on Ancient Chinese Society" and "Research on Oracle Bone Inscriptions".
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, he returned to China and served as director of the Third Department of the Political Department of the Military Commission, and later as director of the Cultural Work Committee, uniting progressive cultural figures to engage in the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement.
After the "Southern Anhui Incident" in 1941, he wrote six historical dramas: "Qu Yuan", "Tiger Fu", "Tangdi Flower", "Peacock Gale", "Nanguancao" and "Gao Jianli". The war poem "Collection of Voices of War" and the essay "Jiashen Three Hundred Years Ceremony" (the book was later designated as a study document for the rectification movement of the Communist Party of China).
After 1946, he stood at the forefront of the democratic movement and became the revolutionary banner of the cultural circles in the Kuomintang-ruled areas.
In 1948, he was elected as the first academician of the Academia Sinica of the National Government in Nanjing, but he refused the title.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he persisted in literary creation and published many poetry collections and other works such as the historical dramas "Cai Wenji" and "Wu Zetian". He also wrote books such as "The Age of Slavery", which proposed the issues of slavery and feudalism in China. Insights on periodization during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
He has successively served as member of the Central People's Government, deputy prime minister of the Government Affairs Council and director of the Culture and Education Committee, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the First Institute of History, and director of the Chinese People's Defense Council. Chairman of the World Peace Council, Honorary President of the China-Japan Friendship Association, President of the University of Science and Technology of China, Chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and other important positions; Guo Moruo was a member of the 9th, 10th, and 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and a member of the 2nd, 3rd, and 11th Central Committees of the Communist Party of China. Vice Chairman of the 5th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Guo Moruo's important works include "Two Weeks of Bronze Inscriptions and Illustrated Records", "Blockwork Collection of Bronze Inscriptions", and "Compilation of Bronze Inscriptions", etc., which have caused a sensation in the academic world; his life writings include "Collected Works of Guo Moruo" (Volume 17) and "The Complete Works of Guo Moruo".
On June 12, 1978, Guo Moruo died in Beijing at the age of 86.
[Edit this paragraph] Guo Moruo’s influence and evaluation
Guo Moruo enjoys a lofty status in the history of modern Chinese literature, Chinese history, archaeology and other fields
-, Guo Moruo once described himself as Goethe and was widely recognized by the cultural circle. For example, Zhou Yang once said to Guo Moruo, "You are Goethe, but you are the Goethe of New China in the socialist era." Sha Yexin quoted Engels's evaluation of Goethe and pointed out The two sides of Guo Moruo as a great genius and an ordinary citizen. Although professional researchers highly praise him, the general public also has contempt for Guo Moruo due to their lack of understanding, misunderstanding of his character and psychology, and their demanding demands on this genius. Peking University Chinese Some serious researchers such as Professor Wen Rumin, the head of the department, call this diametrically opposed attitude toward Guo Moruo among the "academics" and the public as "bipolar reading."
Guo Moruo also has a profound and extensive influence on Taiwan’s academic and political circles. In addition to the influence of Taiwanese scholars in academic research and literary creation, not only the traditional authoritarian era based on politics and He is criticized by academic differences (such as the criticism of Soong Meiling, the wife of Taiwan's authoritarian era leader Chiang Kai-shek), and he is particularly attractive to Taiwan's reform advocates. For example, Lee Teng-hui believes that today's achievements in Taiwan are to some extent This is attributed to the ideas and practices of social change advocated by Hu Shi, Lu Xun, Guo Moruo and others.
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