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2006-2-11 16:45 Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Zuren, was named Xuan Ye. He succeeded to the throne at the age of 8 and took charge at the age of 14. He reigned for 61 years. , aged 69, is the longest reigning monarch in Chinese history. He was the third son of Emperor Shunzhi, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty. Kangxi was studious and determined since childhood. He was still a child when he first put on the dragon robe. Although his ancestors rode horses from outside the Pass to fight inside the Pass and established the Qing Dynasty, what was actually given to him was not unification of the country.
Anti-Qing forces and separatist activities came from all directions. This young emperor came into power at the age of 14. At the age of 16, he got rid of the auxiliary minister Obai who formed a clique for personal gain and bullied the young emperor. It weakened the power of the Eight Banners leader. At the age of 20, he faced the Three Feudatories headed by Wu Sangui. After eight years of fighting, the war was quelled in one fell swoop and unity was maintained. Kangxi was an outstanding politician and military strategist. He was clear-headed, capable of both civil and military affairs. He taught himself to study hard and was diligent and prudent in government affairs. Being able to better handle the relationship between ethnic groups created the prosperous age of Kangxi and Qianlong, promoted the social and economic development in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, and established the territory of China's multi-ethnic unified country.
Kangxi was a great monarch and a great politician in the two thousand years since Qin Shihuang in Chinese history. Why was Kangxi able to make such huge historical achievements? Kangxi ruled as an emperor for 61 years. What was his magic weapon for being an emperor? What is the key that we need to unlock the mystery of the history of the Kangxi Dynasty?
Among the many emperors in ancient China, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty was the only emperor who seriously studied Western scientific knowledge. Through his studies, he absorbed many European mathematics, astronomy, geography, physics, chemistry, etc. knowledge, and presided over several large-scale scientific activities. These true stories are not only recorded in the classics, but also hundreds of artifacts of his study and scientific research are still left in the Forbidden City where he lived. Active instruments.
Studying diligently is an important magic weapon for Kangxi’s rule as king. He is not only proficient in traditional Han culture, but also seriously studies Western science and technology, and is worthy of being a learning emperor. In order to continue the Qing Dynasty for thousands of years, Kangxi took great pains to educate his princes and grandchildren, hoping that their children would become successful. He personally selected masters for the princes, allowed the princes and grandchildren to receive school education, and regularly checked their homework. These are clearly recorded in Qing history books.
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(1)
Kangxi attached great importance to benevolence in his treatment of his subjects. For example, he was exempted from taxes. For example, he stipulated that "prosperous times breed people." , never give any more gifts." Later, Yongzheng also stipulated that "the stalls should be placed on the ground". This means that the poll tax that has existed in China for thousands of years has been abolished at this time. Kangxi's benevolence towards his subjects was manifested in many aspects, one of the important aspects was punishing corrupt officials and commending honest officials.
Kangxi set an example through upright officials, allowing them to embody benevolence and love because they had direct contact with their subjects. I would like to give an example of an upright official commended by Kangxi, that is Yu Chenglong. There were two Yu Chenglongs in the Qing Dynasty, with the same name and surname. This Yu Chenglong was from Shanxi. The Yu Chenglong who regulated the river mentioned in the previous episode was Yu Chenglong from Zhili. After Yu Chenglong became a Jinshi, he was assigned to be the magistrate of Luocheng County, Guangxi. After the wars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Luocheng County, Guangxi, the people were very poor and desolate. How desolate was it? The county government office has only three thatched houses. How many households are there in this county? There are only six households. When Cheng Long was the county magistrate, he and the people were "like family, as close as father and son", according to records.
He encouraged the people to cultivate wasteland and farm, and recruited refugees. Those who were fleeing from the wilderness returned to their hometowns to live and work in peace and contentment. After seven years of hard work, the situation in this county has greatly improved. Because Yu Chenglong made very important political achievements, someone recommended him. When he was recommended to the court, he was promoted to a magistrate. When Yu Chenglong left office, the people of the county cried bitterly and stopped his horse to prevent him from leaving. He said, "The court appointed me to leave, but I still have to leave." He took a step forward, and the people kneeling by the roadside cried bitterly. Lose your voice. If a county official reaches this level, he can be said to be a truly honest official.
At this time, there was a blind man who refused to leave and was following Yu Chenglong. Yu Chenglong said, why don’t you leave? Follow me for a journey.
The blind man said, when you left Luocheng County and took office, you had no money. What should you do if you walked halfway without money for food? He said, I am a blind man and I can't help you, but I can tell fortunes. When you have no food to eat, I will tell fortunes for others. If I get some fortune-telling money, we can solve the problem of food money. Yu Chenglong was very moved and said, then just follow me.
Sure enough, halfway through, Yu Chenglong had no money for food. The blind man told fortunes for others, and with the fortune-telling money he got, he solved the problem of eating on the way.
Yu Chenglong made great achievements in becoming the governor of the state. He was praised by Kangxi. Even though he was promoted as the governor of the state, he was still not greedy for a penny. Later, he was promoted to the governor of Liangjiang, the governor of Jiangnan and Jiangxi, and the official of the border area. At this time, Yu Chenglong had a nickname called "Yu Qingcai". What do you mean? It was Yu Chenglong who became such a high-ranking official. He wore plain clothes and ate vegetarian food. He didn't know what meat tasted like and ate vegetables for many years. Not two days a day, nor two meals a day, he eats coarse rice and vegetables all year round, so the local people call him "Yu Qingcai". He personally visited the poor and inquired about their sufferings, punished corrupt officials and powerful officials, and died of exhaustion in his official position.
After Jackie Chan died, citizens went on strike and gathered along the street to cry in memory of Jackie Chan. During the funeral, generals, governors, admirals, and various important officials came to the place where Jackie Chan lived. There was nothing left at home. All the officials present were moved to tears. Kangxi commended Yu Chenglong as the most upright official today. Yu Chenglong's spirit of benevolence to the people was the embodiment of Kangxi's benevolence spirit. Kangxi's commendation of Yu Chenglong was to promote his benevolence to his subjects.
There was an upright official named Peng Peng. This man was very honest in his work as an official. Kangxi commended him and made him the governor of Shuntian Prefecture, which is equivalent to the mayor of Beijing. At this time, he discovered a problem, that is, there was cheating during the Shuntian Prefecture Township Examination. Who cheated? What should I do if the chief examiner and deputy examiner collude to cheat? He wrote a letter about this situation. However, the chief examiner, the deputy examiner, and the person who presided over the examination had a very close relationship. The court meeting discussed that there was no evidence of cheating and that Peng Peng had made a false accusation.
Peng Peng wrote a letter saying: If I speak nonsense, please chop my head in half. Hang half of my head at the gate of the country, and the other half at the Shuntian Mansion School. The court meeting discussed again, saying that Peng Peng's words were too disrespectful and disrespectful. He should be removed from his official position and removed from his post. How did Kangxi decide at this time? Kangxi said that the examiner, deputy examiner, and related people should be retired and returned home. Peng Peng's officials did so. Why could Kangxi make such a decision?
Is it because Kangxi learned the situation through a private visit that he fought against all opinions to protect Peng Peng? There is a private visit by Kangxi in the TV series. According to the historical materials I have seen about Kangxi, the actual records of Kangxi, and the daily life notes of Kangxi, Kangxi never had a private visit incognito. It is impossible for him to have a private visit incognito, because when the emperor goes out to drive, he will definitely disturb the local area. , it is impossible to visit privately incognito, and there is no need for him to visit privately incognito.
Kangxi had many channels to understand people's sentiments and officials' achievements. One of the channels was the memorial system, also called the secret memorial system. Kangxi had many people distributed across the country who could secretly write memorials. It was put into a secret folding box and delivered directly to Kangxi without going through any intermediate channels. Therefore, it can be said that Kangxi knew clearly whether the official was corrupt, honest, diligent, or lazy.
The case I just talked about, Kangxi’s affair with Peng Peng, the governor of Shuntian Prefecture, he knew very well. The examiner and the others cheated. Kangxi had mastered it through the secret system and other systems. After understanding the situation, Kangxi made a decisive decision against all opinions. Those who committed corruption and cheating were removed from office, honest and prudent officials were commended and promoted, and Peng Peng, an upright official, was commended. Integrity officials are a mirror of Kangxi, embodying his thoughts of benevolence to his subjects, so he is commended and through their layers of upright officials, from governors, governors, prefects, and county magistrates, to promote his concept of benevolence and realize his goals. political aspirations.
Kangxi once went on an inspection tour. On the way to the inspection, a man lay down by the roadside. Under normal circumstances, if he blocked the Holy Spirit, he should be dealt with strictly. Kangxi said no and asked what was going on. The guard who pushed the man lying on the roadside woke him up. What's your name? He said my name is Wang Sihai, what's the matter with you? He said that I was a domestic worker, and we were talking about working today. On the way home, I fainted from hunger and lay down on the roadside. Kangxi said don't scare him, you should heat porridge and feed him immediately and come to save him.
So they heated the porridge and fed it to Wang Sihai. Wang Sihai woke up after drinking the hot porridge. Kangxi understood the situation and found that this man was indeed in difficulty and his family was also in a difficult situation. Kangxi said that he would pay for him and let him return to his hometown, so he sent Wang Sihai away. From this small matter, we can see that Kangxi, as an emperor and the ruler of the world, did have a spirit of benevolence.
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Kangxi attaches great importance to Western learning. He has a tradition that when his father was in Shunzhi, he had already begun to absorb Western learning. He attached great importance to his relationship with the Jesuit Tang Ruowang. The relationship is that Tang Ruowang participated in the compilation of the calendar, which is called the Shixian Calendar, and Tang Ruowang served as the supervisor of the Qintian Prison. There is another person named Yang Guangxian. This Yang Guangxian is very special. During the Chongzhen period in the late Ming Dynasty, he went to Beijing, carried the coffin to the palace, and impeached a great scholar at that time. He was called a "strange person".
Of course he was punished and sent to western Liaoning. The Ming Dynasty soon fell, and he returned to Jiangnan. His family was from Jiangnan. In the Shunzhi Dynasty, he came to Beijing again. He said that he knew the astronomical calendar, so he went to the Qintian Prison. When he went to the Qintian Prison, he wrote to Tang Ruowang, saying that you only compiled the Shixian Calendar for twenty years. The Qing Dynasty lasted for hundreds of millions of years. Didn’t these two hundred years curse the Qing Dynasty? It’s just short-lived! This is an infinite matter. After the court accepted the application, it was necessary to discuss the "Shi Xian Calendar". At the court meeting, the bachelors and ministers discussed whether Tang Ruowang was right or Yang Guangxian was right?
Can’t decide. Again, these ministers gathered together for a test in front of the Meridian Gate. The ministers did not understand the test results, and Kangxi did not understand either. Later, they went to the ancient observatory, which is the observatory outside Jianguo Gate today, and continued their observations there. The ministers still did not understand. I understand, but I made a decision to put Tang Ruowang in prison. Tang Ruowang was already old and sick at that time, and he wore eight chains on his body. He was observing with a telescope tremblingly and tremblingly. He had no strength to argue. The case was settled in this way. At that time, Kangxi was not in power, and the auxiliary minister Ao Bai and others took charge of the matter.
Later, there was an earthquake in Beijing. Another Jesuit named Nan Huairen said that the earthquake was caused by the presence of innocent souls, and he wanted to re-trial the case. After re-trialing the case, he rehabilitated Tang Ruowang. Tang Ruowang was already dead at this time. Kangxi asked Nan Huairen to be the supervisor of Qintian Prison and dealt with Yang Guangxian. Some ministers said they wanted to behead him, but Kangxi said no, and sent him back to his place of origin. Later, Yang Guangxian died when he returned home. On the way home.
Kangxi appointed Nan Huairen as the Superintendent of Qintian Supervisor, and also appointed him as Minister of Works. This was the beginning of Westerners becoming officials in the Chinese court. From then on, Kangxi paid attention to natural sciences, and it happened to be at this time A group of French missionaries, Bai Jin and Zhang Cheng, came to the palace to see Kangxi and brought thirty scientific and technological books and instruments. Kangxi left Bai Jin and Zhang Cheng in the palace to serve, and gave him his favorite instruments , placed in his own palace.
Kangxi studied mathematics, astronomy, and calendar with them. In mathematics, he learned Euclidean plane geometry. The Jesuits learned Manchu and Manchu, and taught Kangxi geometry in Manchu. They also brought some scientific instruments, and Kangxi did questions and math problems.
The Kangxi Emperor Exhibition was held not long ago at the Palace of Versailles in Paris, France, in which some instruments from the Kangxi period were on display. After such a long time, it is still running smoothly and dazzlingly. Among them is a hand-cranked calculator that can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Now there are ten hand-cranked calculators from the Kangxi era in the Forbidden City in Beijing, which is very interesting.
There is also a proportional rule on display, which is made of gold-plated copper and can perform power and square root calculations. It also displays geometric models, plane geometry, solid geometry, cones, and polyhedrons, all made of nanmu. There are dozens of pieces, very finely made. This was the teaching model used by Kangxi when he was learning geometry. There are also some other instruments.
Kangxi not only studied, but also practiced. When he inspected the Yongding River, he took several of his princes with him and asked them to drive piles and measure with instruments. Kangxi personally conquered Galdan At that time, he left the crown prince, fourth prince and others in Beijing. There happened to be a solar eclipse at that time. The princes were in Beijing to observe the solar eclipse. He was on the front line, and then reported urgently to exchange the results of the observations.
Kangxi did not reject the West and Western science and technology, but accepted it, expressing his broad mind and desire as an emperor.
Despite this, Kangxi was only a personal palace behavior, and did not form a policy or system for absorbing Western science and technology. After the death of Kangxi, people died and the government ceased. Generations of descendants and emperors under him were less interested in Western science and technology. They only liked the self-ringing bell and the flood method as appreciation and playthings, not for revitalization. China's science and technology, development of science and technology, this is a fly in the ointment.
(3)
Kangxi’s education for his descendants was very special among the emperors of China. Emperor Kangxi had 35 sons and 20 daughters. Some people counted 97 of his grandchildren. This was a very big family. So how did Kangxi educate his descendants? Of course, Kangxi's education for his descendants was to hope that they would succeed. He used many methods of education, teaching by words and deeds, letting his descendants hunt with him, patrolling with him, and even taking them with him during battles, which was to cultivate and educate them in practice. However, there is a very important method, which is school education.
The place where the princes and grandsons study is called "Shangshu". During Kangxi's reign, he went to the study room in Wuyizhai in Changchun Garden to prevent his descendants from having fun. Be playful, not greedy for pleasure. "Kangxi Daily Life Notes" and other books record the specific situation of the princes and grandsons going to school. I would like to give an example one day to see how the princes, princes and grandsons study.
The Yin hour of this day is from three to five in the morning. At four o'clock in the morning, the princes will go to Wuyizhai and start reviewing the lessons of the previous day. It will take an hour. It takes two hours. The Crown Prince is only 13 years old at this time. He has to go to Wuyizhai study at three o'clock in the morning. Of course, he gets up earlier, which is Yinshi.
At Mao hour, which is from five to seven o'clock, the teacher came to the classroom. The Manchu master Dahata and the Chinese master Tang Bin waited in the study room. After arriving, they first performed the etiquette of kneeling to the Crown Prince. Then he checked the princes' homework and asked the prince to endorse it. The prince recited it loudly and every word was correct. Then the Chinese master marked the next paragraph for him, and then memorized the next paragraph.
The bottom is Chenshi, which is from 7 to 9 in the morning. At this time, it has been four hours since the students attended class. Kangxi came to Wuyizhai after the court, and the princes went to the steps outside to greet him. Kangxi came. After Kangxi came, he sat down and said that he wanted to endorse something, so he asked his son to endorse it. Kangxi took out the book and clicked on a paragraph at random. Recite it 120 times, and then recite it 120 times. Once you are completely proficient, then change to the next paragraph, and learn it paragraph by paragraph. At this time, a minister said, is it enough to say 100 times?
Kangxi said that he had to recite the foot 120 times, and then asked the other masters how they had done just now. Some teachers said that the prince was very smart and could memorize things very well. Kangxi said that you should not praise him but criticize them more to prevent them from being proud. After the inspection, Kangxi went to deal with his political affairs. It's nine o'clock to eleven o'clock. At this time, I remember that it is already several volts and very hot. When the prince is studying, he is not allowed to hold a fan or shake the fan. He is not allowed to sit upright. When writing at this time, every word must be written. 100 times to practice calligraphy.
It was noon downstairs. From eleven o'clock to one o'clock, it was lunch time. The guards brought the food. The princes also asked the teacher to eat. The teacher knelt down to receive the food, and then went to his seat. During the meal, the princes ate on the other side. They did not rest after eating and continued their previous homework. It's the last hour downstairs, from one to three o'clock. At this time, the princes arrive at a courtyard outside Wuyizhai. There are targets and archery. One is for a rest, one is for sports activities, and the other is for practicing riding, archery, and martial arts. .
At Shenshi, from fifteen to seventeen o'clock, Kangxi went to Wuyizhai to check his homework again, and asked these princes to memorize it. Several of his princes lined up to memorize it one by one. The bottom is Youshi, from seventeen to nineteen o'clock. This class is to practice archery outside Wuyizhai. Kangxi first asked the disciples to shoot one by one, then asked the masters to shoot one by one, and finally Kangxi himself shot the arrow. History books The record is called "Lianfa Lianzhong". After the homework is completed, school is over.
From three o'clock in the morning to seven o'clock in the afternoon, please note that it is not just one day, but every day. It is called "infinite cold and heat", and it is like this every day.
It can be seen from this example that Emperor Kangxi was extremely strict in educating his children. Under his education, Kangxi's sons had several types, one was political, for example, when Yongzheng became emperor , Qianlong became emperor. It should be said that Kangxi's education was successful. His son Yongzheng was a very outstanding emperor, and his grandson Qianlong was also a very outstanding emperor. What about Jiaqing Daoguang? Kangxi could only manage two generations, but he couldn't control the next few generations.
His princes and grandsons cannot all be emperors. There is only one person who can be the emperor. The other second type is the scholar type. The third son of the emperor Yinzhi is a very outstanding scientist. He presides over the editing. "Collection of Ancient and Modern Books" contains 10,000 volumes. The third type is the artistic type, writing and painting. Some princes can write well and draw well.
The fourth type is the lifestyle type. His mother’s status among the concubines is relatively low, and it is impossible for him to compete for the throne. However, he has a peaceful life, so there is no such thing as the Kangxi prince and grandson. A dandy, no evildoer. An example of Kangxi's success in educating his children is Yongzheng. After Kangxi died, Yongzheng succeeded to the throne.
Kangxi Emperor Xuanye
On March 18, the 11th year of Shunzhi (1655) On April 24, 2011), in Jingren Palace in the Forbidden City, Shizu's concubine Tong Jia gave birth to a boy. He was Aisin Gioro Xuanye, the future Emperor Kangxi. Shizu had
eight sons, and Xuan Ye ranked third. Who could have expected that eight years later, this child who had not yet experienced the world would be easily promoted to the throne of emperor! With his heroic talents, talents and strategies, he achieved great achievements for a generation and was a rare wise monarch in ancient times.
Section 1: Smart and Diligent
Xuan Ye was loved by his young parents as soon as he was born, and they entrusted a reliable wet nurse to take him to the Forbidden City
External feeding. He had never had pox (smallpox) when he was a child, and his parents were afraid that he would contract this incurable disease, so they had to take this measure. Therefore, he never enjoyed a single day of happiness in the hands of his parents. Years later, he still regretted it. Fortunately, he finally got rid of the acne safely, leaving only a few small pockmarks on his face. This gave him lifelong immunity to the most feared disease of the time. And his acne actually became a favorable factor for him to succeed to the throne in the future.
Xuan Ye is a talented child. He began to read and write at the age of five, and soon showed his talent for being diligent and eager to learn. Later, he once talked about his study situation. At the age of eight, he "studied mediocrity and exegesis, and asked about it.
Seeking the general idea and then being happy. Every reader must make every word recitable, and he never wants to Now that I have fully understood the books of the Four Sons, I read Shangshu and understood the ancient emperors' diligent pursuit of governance through Dian Mo's exegesis." Then,
"Read Da Da. Yi, observing the images and playing with them, realizing the truth and principles that please the heart." Since then, I have developed a good habit of reading. I am "enjoyed and never tired" and "love to learn". I often read until late at night without getting tired. When he was 17 or 18 years old, he was overworked from studying and refused to give up until he coughed up blood. No wonder he is knowledgeable and knowledgeable about the past and present. This is all due to his hard study over time. What he said above was not a boast. Official archive records
record that he "understood everything from imperial politics, sages' spiritual teachings, and the essentials of the Six Classics", which is not an exaggerated praise.
On the one hand, Xuan Ye eagerly learned cultural knowledge, and on the other hand, he accepted strict military training.
Horse riding and archery are the main subjects of training. He has developed excellent riding and shooting skills. When he was in his prime, he could draw a fifteen-gun bow, shoot thirteen arrows, shoot the bow from left to right, and hit every arrow. The strict requirements of the palace
and his own continuous hard training quickly cultivated him into a rare talent who was versatile, capable of both literary and military skills
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In the process of Xuan Ye's growth, special mention should be made of his grandmother, Queen Xiaozhuangwen, who carefully nurtured him. Xuan Ye lost his father when he was eight years old and his mother when he was eleven years old. His grandmother took direct responsibility for his upbringing and devoted her efforts to educating him and teaching him how to behave. How to govern.
As Xuanye himself said: "When I learned to walk and speak since I was a child, I was taught by my holy grandmother." My grandmother was both loving and kind to Xuanye, and she also had strict requirements in everything. Everything you eat and drink, everything you say and do, must be done in accordance with the rules and etiquette. If you are negligent, you will be blamed. After repeated
teachings, these have been deeply injected into his young mind. Even if he is usually alone, he does not dare to go beyond his boundaries.
During his more than sixty years in office, "all daily life and food have their own rules and have not changed." Especially in terms of government affairs, his grandmother always gave him guidance and strategies, so that he could learn to deal with various complex problems.
This virtuous grandmother had a great influence on Xuan Ye's thoughts, helping and pushing him to accomplish the great cause of a generation. At the end of the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi's reign (1687), when his grandmother was critically ill, he took care of her day and night, recalling her nurturing kindness fondly. He recalled: "Recalling that I was young and lost my parents early, I followed the example of my grandmother for more than thirty years, raising and educating me, and even achieved success. Without my grandmother, the Empress Dowager would never have been able to achieve success.
Established today. A great kindness can never be repaid in a lifetime. "He has a deep and sincere affection for his grandmother, which even goes far beyond his nostalgia for his biological parents.
Xuan Ye showed that he was different from ordinary children when he was young. He has a strong ability to accept external things and is responsive
and imitates the words and deeds of adults, which is worse than other children of the same age. When he was six years old, he once visited his father with his brothers. Fulin wanted to test their respective ambitions and asked them what they wanted to do in the future.
Fuquan, the second eldest child, said, "I would like to be a wise king in the future." The fifth eldest child, Chang Ning, was only three years old and did not understand his father's meaning.
When asked about Xuan Ye, he replied calmly: "I will imitate my imperial father when I grow up." For a six-year-old child, his words were extraordinary,
Fu Lin was very surprised. It can be seen that the young Xuan Ye was indeed a precocious child!
Two years later, this young but ambitious child finally got his wish.
Ascending the throne in the second quarter
In the first month of the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661), Xuanye was only eight years old, and his 24-year-old father Fulin suddenly fell ill
Gone. Fulin was in the prime of his reign, and had not yet considered the important matter of establishing an heir after his death. When he was seriously ill,
he made a decision in a hurry. He originally wanted his second son Fuquan to succeed him, but Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang disagreed and wanted to make her beloved Xuan Ye emperor. Fulin could not make up his mind and did not dare to disobey his mother's opinion, so he sent someone to consult his foreign friend Tang Ruowang for his opinion. Tang Ruowang believed that Xuan Ye had already had acne and would be the most advantageous to succeed to the throne.
So, he no longer hesitated and made a decisive decision, declaring his third son Xuan Ye as the crown prince, inheriting the throne and giving him great authority
Looking forward to Sony, Suk Saha, and Wei. The four important ministers Bilong and Aobai were auxiliary ministers. During the period before Xuanye came to power, they supported and assisted in the handling of government affairs.
On the ninth day of the lunar month, Xuanye officially ascended the throne and changed his reign name to Kangxi. From then on, the history of the Qing Dynasty entered an era of vigorous development marked by Kangxi.
As soon as Xuan Ye ascended the throne, his grandmother, the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, asked him what he wanted after becoming emperor.
He replied: "I just hope that the world will be safe, the people will live happily, and I will enjoy the blessings of peace."
However, the road before this young master is not It is not a straight and smooth road, but it is full of thorns and hazelnuts.
There are many obstacles, full of risks and stormy waves. What a long and difficult road he has to walk to achieve his goal, and what a price he has to pay!
When Emperor Kangxi ascended the throne, the large-scale civil war in the country was coming to an end. In the 18th year of Shunzhi, Wu Sangui
led his army into Myanmar and captured the last emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, Yongli Emperor Zhu Youlang. The following year, Yongli and others were executed in Kunming, marking the final end of the Ming and Qing wars. A serious problem that followed was that Wu Sangui, Shang Kexi, Geng Jingzhong and other three people who developed rapidly in the military struggle with the peasant uprising army and the Nanming regime The vassal forces occupying Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangxi, Fujian and other provinces have posed a hidden danger that threatens the centralization of power.
In addition, the remaining troops of Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong were still active in Sichuan and Hubei areas and did not stop their armed resistance to the Qing Dynasty.
The former Ming Dynasty generals headed by Zheng Chenggong still controlled a powerful army and occupied the southeast coast.
They retreated into Taiwan and continued to fight against the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, although the large-scale war has basically ended, people's hearts are not stable.
The Qing Dynasty's rule over the country is far from solid and unshakable.
After the peasant wars in the late Ming Dynasty and the unification war after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, agricultural production in the north and south of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River Basin was severely damaged.
The land is deserted and the people are fleeing. Due to the carnage of the war, the population has been reduced sharply, production has dropped, the state has imposed taxes, and all provinces are in arrears. For example, Sichuan, until the tenth year of Kangxi, still had "cultivable fields but no people to cultivate them." The prosperous Jiangnan is also "depressed", with few people and "the land is also
barren". This is a true portrayal of the dilapidated economy at that time. Real political, economic, and military struggles will inevitably be reflected in the upper-level ruling groups. As a result, the emperor and the four ministers mainly fought against the Obai group. Solving and dealing with these numerous and complex problems is not an easy task for a young emperor.
The domestic situation is like this, and the international environment is not wonderful either. Whether Emperor Kangxi realized it or not, his situation was equally dangerous. As early as when the Qing troops entered the customs, the vicious Tsarist Russian colonialist forces were expanding into Asia.
And had crossed the Ural Mountains and invaded the Heilongjiang coast of our country, establishing military strongholds everywhere as their
They plundered Chinese territory and continued to expand the base for aggression. In the south of our country, Western colonial bandits are coming in droves.
In the mid-16th century, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Portugal took the lead and invaded Macao, our country. Then, the Dutch colonists occupied Chichan City in Taiwan. There are also Spanish, British, French and other colonists who continue to penetrate into our southeastern coastal areas. They used the two weapons of gunboats and missionaries in an attempt to open the door of ancient China and achieve their criminal purpose of plundering China at will.
It is clear that there is some degree of crisis lurking, both domestically and internationally. If not handled properly,
some conflicts will break out. This dangerous situation both internally and externally could not help but make the upper-level ruling groups of the Qing government feel worried, and their desire to tread on thin ice was increasing day by day. A series of tests faced the Qing government, which was not yet stable. As the supreme ruler, Emperor Kangxi could not avoid facing the grim reality. Indeed, the mission of history has inevitably fallen on the shoulders of Emperor Kangxi.
Section 3: Capturing Oboi
When Xuan Ye came to the throne, he was still a child who had just become sensible and was incapable of handling national government affairs. The four assistant ministers, headed by Sony
actually hold the highest power in the country. All major policies and policies are all from the hands of the four of them, but they are all implemented in the name of the emperor. In a word, they are the emperor's agents, and they really perform the emperor's duties.
The four ministers headed by Sony are all distinguished senior ministers of the imperial court. Sony, whose surname is Hesheli
, is from the Zhenghuang Banner of Manchuria. As early as the Nurhaci period, he returned to Houjin with his father. Both his father Shuose and uncle Xifu entered the literary library and were the founding fathers of the Qing Dynasty. By the time he arrived at Huang Taiji, he had become a confidant, handling Mongolian affairs.
He was on duty in the inner court every day and was deeply trusted. Huang Taiji died, and the kings competed for the throne. Sony insisted on establishing a prince, which effectively blocked Dorgon's attempt to seek the throne. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, Dorgon was good at governing, but Sony did not agree with him when things happened.
He still argued with reason, which Dorgon hated, and finally drove him out of the court and sent him to Shengjing ( Shenyang),
Guard Huang Taiji’s mausoleum. It was not until Dorgon's death that Fulin took charge of the government, recalled him to Beijing, restored his original title, and was promoted to Minister of the Interior, Minister of State Affairs, and in charge of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Suk Saha, surnamed Nala, Manchuria
A native of Zhengbai Banner, he also came back when Nurhaci first started his business, and his father Suna was recruited as his son-in-law.
He originally belonged to Dorgon's subordinates and was very popular. But when Dorgon died, he was the first to expose his treason and was promoted to the rank of minister of the bodyguard and the crown prince's Taibao.
Obai, whose surname is Guarjia, is from the Xianghuang Banner of Manchuria. He has been a brave general since the time of Huang Taiji.
He accumulated the most military merits and was given the title "Batulu". When the Qing Dynasty established the Ding Dynasty in Beijing, he went south to Sichuan and Guizhou. He defeated the enemy and fell into battle.
He repeatedly made meritorious deeds and received rich rewards. He was ostracized by Dorgon because he supported Prince Lisu Hauge. Fulin personally governs,
is appointed as a minister of political affairs, and is appointed as a minister of bodyguards. Erbilong, whose surname is Niu Hulu, belongs to the same banner as Aobai. His father was also one of the five ministers of Nurhaci and was recruited as his consort. His mother was Princess Heshuo. He was born in the war years. With his military merit, he rose to the rank of minister of state affairs, minister of bodyguards, and successively became a young master and the crown prince's Taibao.
Soni and the other four are all veterans of three or four dynasties, and they all belong to the Shangsanqi, the emperor’s own general. Their status in the court is indisputable. . Naturally, Fulin ordered them to be the assistant ministers, and they were indeed very suitable candidates. But the deeper reason is that Fulin, especially the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang who is behind the scenes, has the same surname as Wang Beile, Dorgon and others who are dominant in government affairs, and the resulting struggle for power among kings poses a serious threat In order to maintain the authority of the emperor, he would rather select ministers with different surnames outside the royal family to assist the young master, which would help restrain the growth of the power of the kings. Secondly, Sony and the other four people all stood firmly on the side of Shizu and the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang politically. They fought against Dorgon and won their trust. When Dorgon died, the power of the four Sony brothers soared to the level of auxiliary ministers. Agree
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