Pen is a writing tool cultivated by everyone in the cultural park. We practice writing, writing, drawing and calculating with pens every day. But, do you know anything about the pen clan? Let me tell you something. Pens are generally divided into hard pens and soft pens.
Speaking of the family history of pens, I'm afraid it's as long as us humans. Tracing back to the source, as early as ancient times, there was a "pen" in human life, which only used branches and sharp stones to count or mark. In slave society, people found that animal hair can absorb water, so they came up with a way to fix an animal hair on a bamboo tube to write. This is a writing brush. According to the different writing materials, it can be divided into wool, wolf hair and so on. The appearance of writing brush greatly saves recording time and is more portable and practical. How many literati used it to splash painters' various brushes, leaving masterpieces and calligraphy treasures.
After the Qing Dynasty, a new kind of pen appeared, which is a new member of the pen family. They are more than ten centimeters tall, wearing metal or plastic coats, shiny metal heads, rubber bellies and full of "ink". Pens are the darling of the pen family. Practical, beautiful, smooth, delicate and even lines are beyond the reach of other pens. With the changes of the times and the development of culture and science, pencils developed from graphite pens are developing in an economical, concise and practical direction. In addition to hardness and softness, there are rubber-tipped pencils and movable fine-core pencils, which are widely used by primary school students.
Today, the pen family suddenly prospered, and many new faces appeared, such as chalk, ballpoint pen, crayon, artistic pen, colored fountain pen and so on. All kinds of exquisite, dexterous, beautiful and practical pens are increasingly updated and widely used by people.
Pens are used more and more widely. Nowadays, pens are not only used for writing letters and taking notes. You see, girls use eyebrow pencil to draw eyebrows, and engineers use electronic pen to draw with computers.
Isn't it often said that "pen and ink are earth-shattering, and articles are earth-shattering"? I believe that with the rapid development of science, the pen family will continue to transform, update and develop, and its functions will become more and more complete, which will play a great role in human civilization.
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pen
Since Cai Lun invented paper in the Eastern Han Dynasty, various writing tools-pens came into being. The pen family flourished: brushes, pencils, ballpoint pens, pens ... These pens have produced various descendants, but pens are the most commonly used now.
Pens can be regarded as a big category of pens. According to the ink storage method, it can be divided into two types: dip pen and unsolicited pen.
Dip pen, as the name implies, is to dip the pen tip in ink to write. Sometimes we just call it a dip pen. Because of its unattractive appearance, simple structure, troublesome writing and inconvenient carrying, it has long since withdrawn from the historical stage. Now we use fountain pens that can store ink. Because of its fluency, portability and low cost, it has become the favorite of many writers.
Pens come in different shapes and colors, but they generally consist of a shell, a barrel, a nib and a cap. There is a small "ink bottle" bag in the pen tube. When absorbing ink, as long as you squeeze the capsule hard to expel air, and then insert it into the ink, the ink will be sucked in. When writing, the ink in the capsule flows from the tongue to the nib. The nib is made of wear-resistant metal, which is thin and durable, unlike the feather tube, which will thicken if it is written too much.
The most expensive part of a pen is the nib. The nib is divided into three categories: gold nib, iridium nib and steel nib, of which gold nib is the best, iridium nib is the second, and steel nib is the second. The gold nib is made of gold mixed with silver and copper. The more copper, the harder the gold pen. The iridium electrode tip and the steel electrode tip are made of stainless steel. Gold tip and iridium tip have small round particles, but steel tip does not.
This is why steel tips are not as durable as gold tips and iridium tips.
That small round particle is iridium alloy, which is called "strong cathode agent" of metal. Very rare and very wear-resistant, it can withstand the scouring and corrosion of ink every day without being washed away. This is also the secret of good durability of pens.
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I am an ordinary mechanical pencil. The little master takes me to school every day, and uses me to calculate, draw, write and so on. However, I didn't always "follow" my master. My father and grandfather played a great role.
Let's talk about my grandfather first! I'm afraid there is no one who doesn't know my grandfather. At that time, my grandfather could buy it everywhere. Even now, someone is using him.
However, compared with me, grandpa is still very backward. Well, I won't do it either. My grandfather is a famous wooden pencil. You will definitely say, "What's the big deal about wooden pencils!" Don't underestimate my grandfather, he is an indispensable writing tool for people in previous years! Grandpa is made of wood, with a refill in the middle and painted green or various colors outside.
Grandpa's refill is made of lead. Cut it out and sharpen it when you buy it. Cut it again when it's used up. You can buy it after cutting it. It's inconvenient, but it's the only way.
Year after year, day after day, grandpa is old and it's time to retire. At this time, my father took over my grandfather's position.
My father is much more advanced than my grandfather, but there is still a certain gap with me. During the years of working for the young master, the young master liked him very much.
Dad is more beautiful and convenient than grandpa. Although expensive, he is still loved by people. Dad's "working principle is simple: put a lead as thick as a ballpoint pen core and cut the lead on the pencil sharpener at the top of the pen cap." This is much more convenient than grandpa's, as long as you change the lead at any time, it will be OK, and it will be much more affordable than grandpa's buying it after using it.
But gradually, dad's problems also came out. The speed is slow, the pen is cut too much and black, and the young master loses confidence in his father because he can't wash it clean.
Slowly, I appeared in the little master's pencil box, and my father retired like my grandfather.
I have a nice name: mechanical pencil. As the name implies, I am of course automatic, but the principle of "work" is not much different from my father's. Put the lead in, press the top cap, and the lead will come out. However, being called "mechanical pencil" is of course different, and the secret lies in this lead ... What's the difference between this clue? Tell you, my lead is dozens of times thinner than my father's and my grandfather's, and I don't need to cut it. Just put it on. I am more popular with customers than my father and grandfather.
Like my father, I have shortcomings, a life-saving shortcoming. I like to break the lead. As long as I work hard, the lead will be broken. For this reason, the young master didn't work hard on me. However, convenience is convenience, and benefits are benefits, and no one can compare with it.
Life is made up of changes, and our life is changing with each passing day. I believe that one day I will also walk into the window of history, and my son and grandson will help mankind to move towards a more developed and better new era.