-inscription
Li Shangyin: Rejuvenate your heart [1]
Author: Chloe Wang
Like most intellectuals in China for thousands of years, he lived a life of "failure" helplessly:
There is no way to serve the country, and the decadent late Tang Dynasty does not need his enthusiasm and wisdom; The people are powerless, and the system and power have squeezed him to death; Unwilling to care about factional interests, but forced to be involved in the whirlpool of party struggle because of the slow response to the political climate; Love is regarded as a bright color in a bleak life, but it has become the saddest sigh in life.
Life experience is tragic, experience is bleak, love is lonely, and the mood is desperate. However, in his short and unsatisfactory life, Li Shangyin wrote many poems with beautiful words and profound meanings.
Those who enjoyed the infinite scenery in the power field have long since disappeared into the ashes of history, while Yu Xisheng has achieved immortality and permanence. What is the clear definition between success and failure?
1, I want to ask where Gu Hong is going, but I don't know his life experience. [2]
Li Shangyin's genealogy really has nothing to show off in political position: the ancestors of several generations ago were all branches of the royal family in Li Tang, and their family has gone downhill. Their ancestral official position did not exceed the county magistrate, and their parents were only local small officials, wandering around the shogunate to make a living.
Yishan drifted with his father in Jiangsu and Zhejiang when he was a child. He should have enjoyed care in his warm arms, but his father died. He returned to the Central Plains with his mother, and Jiangnan became a childhood memory.
"The Book of Shang Cui Hua Zhou" said: "When you are five years old, you can recite scriptures and make pens and inkstones in seven years." After returning to China, my uncle, who followed the principle of "taste mellow, say ancient words, be righteous and say strict words", received classic training and learned a lot of literary talent.
In the third year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa (829), he moved to Luoyang and met Bai Juyi, Ling Huchu and other predecessors.
Bai Juyi has always admired Li Shangyin. He understands the value of Li Shangyin. He even wants to be his son in the afterlife. Later, Li Shangyin was nicknamed "Bai Lao". Unfortunately, "Bai Lao" was average in IQ and talent.
Linghu Chu was surprised by Li Shangyin's talent, and asked him to personally teach Zhuan Xu to play the piano with his son Linghu Mao, giving him financial support, and later hired him as a shogunate inspector. Linghu Chu is not only grateful to him, but also like a father guiding his growth. He is also very grateful to Linghu Chu. He thinks that Linghu Chu's teaching is more meaningful than fame.
In February of the sixth year of Daiwa (832), Ling Huchu was appointed as our ambassador to Hedong, and Li Shangyin subsequently entered the Taiyuan shogunate.
In June of the seventh year of Daiwa (833), Ling Huchu was transferred to Beijing as an official minister, and Li Shangyin returned to his hometown to study fishing in Yangshan. Here, he fell in love with a delicate and charming woman. This is the first love he gave all his body and mind, but he can't stay together for a long time, leaving a lasting mark in his life and lasting pain.
He is still young at this time, and the advantage of being young is that he still has fantasies. After all, the temptation of fame and fortune still exists.
In the second year of Kaicheng (837), I went to Beijing to take the exam again. This year, it happened that Gao Kai, assistant minister of does, took the examiner's exam, and Hu Ling Mao filled the vacancy. Gao Kai asked Ling Hu 'an, "Who is Balang's best friend?" Hu Ling Mao said "Li Shangyin" three times, and Li Shangyin finally became famous.
Unfortunately, the father-like Ling Huchu also passed away this year. Jinshi should have been the turning point of Li Shangyin's fate, which provided him with a platform to display his talents. But the death of Linghu Chu is a turning point in his fate: if Linghu Chu is still there, the embarrassing situation behind Li Shangyin may be avoided, and Li Shangyin's tragic fate may be slightly improved, but history cannot be rewritten.
In the third year (838), my ambassador to Jingyuan, Wang Maoyuan, hired Li Shangyin, and Li Shangyin agreed. Wang Maoyuan appreciated Li Shangyin's talent, and was considered by people at that time to have a bright future, so he married his concubine's daughter to Li Shangyin.
One is a young talent with a lonely but optimistic family, and the other is an unmarried woman who is the daughter of a local governor. This marriage is not a climb. The reason why Wang is so conspicuous in the study of Li Shangyin's life lies in her unintentional violation of the taboo of party struggle, among which political factors account for a large proportion.
Li Shangyin had experienced a love of life and death before Wang. Although Li Shangyin failed to legally marry that woman, in his mind, that woman is already his first wife. "Once the sea was difficult for water, it was amber forever" [3]. Wang should be good-looking, much younger than Li Shangyin, sensible, and gave birth to a pair of children for him, and has long since passed away. Li Shangyin, who is sensitive and kind, has never complained about this marriage that sentenced him to death for his political future.
From the third year of Wenzong (838) to the sixth year of Wuzong Huichang (846), he was involved in the party struggle between Niu and Li. Party struggle was sharp at that time. Master Ling Huchu and his son Hu Ling Suo of Old Curtain belong to the Niu Party, and both of them owe Li Shangyin. Wang Maoyuan was taken back by Li Shangyin and was regarded as Li's henchmen. In other words, master Li Shangyin is naturally regarded as "ungrateful" and "out of touch" when he marries Wang.
Jinshi and later have to pass the official examination before they can be awarded official positions. He had been admitted when he went to take an exam to learn macro words, but his name was deleted when he was re-examined in the official newspaper Shusheng, on the grounds that "this person is unbearable."
In the era of Wuzong, Li Deyu was the prime minister, and the Li Party gained power. After Xuanzong ascended the throne, the Li Party was repeatedly demoted, and the dispute between Niu and Li Party ended with Li Deyu, the leader of the Li Party, being demoted to Cliff State and dying in his apartment.
In the second year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign (848), he learned the imperial edict of Linghu Maoxue and received a bachelor's degree from Hanlin. In four years (850), Linghu Mao became prime minister; For five years (85 1 year), Ling Hu-mao was also the minister of rites. Li Shangyin confessed his position to him many times, hoping to be quoted, but made the fox "betray his kindness with business, especially his inaction".
When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was in middle age, Li Shangyin spent the last ten years of his life traveling far away for three times as an aide. From the first year of Dazhong to the second year (847-848), he entered Zhengyamu in Guilin; From the third year to the spring of five years (849-85 1 year), he entered Lu Hong, Xuzhou and stopped his activities. It was the shogunate of Liu Zhongying, Zizhou, Sichuan Province, during the five-year winter solstice of Dazhong (85 1-857). In the 12th year of Dazhong (858), Li Shangyin left his job due to illness and returned to his hometown.
He sank under the staff, and he rushed to Guanhai; He is sincere and practical, but there is nothing he can do; He is full of ideals and talents, in exchange for the sad voice of life; He "can't laugh and cry, but he has to swallow his voice" [4]; He didn't hang Korean nationality, one was released by a scholar, two were vulgar officials, and three entered the shogunate, and their feelings depended on others.
In the end, whether at the end of 858 or the beginning of 859, Li Shangyin died alone, with half-life disappointment and lifelong regret.
"Empty negative lingyun great talent, life forever" [5], Cui Jue explained Li Shangyin's miserable and short life with his widely circulated and quoted poems.
Soon, Qiu Fu rebelled against the Tang Dynasty in 8591February, and the Huang Chao Uprising Army was suppressed in 884, and the large-scale peasant uprising lasted for 25 years.
In 907, Tang died, ending its once fragile glory and whitewashing.
2, crowing Mao Dianyue, people full of Banqiao frost. [6]
A large part of Li Shangyin's poems reflect the poor living conditions of the lower class and the social reality full of contradictions and crises.
Especially through lamenting their own life experiences and circumstances, they profoundly revealed the spiritual depression and indignation of the whole intellectual class at that time, thus conveying the desolate and cold atmosphere of the late Tang Dynasty.
While criticizing the malpractice of the times, he expressed deep anxiety and indignation. Du Fu's shadow can be clearly seen in his poems, such as Li Shu, Zuobaiyun in the western suburbs, Huaiyang Road, Hannan Book and so on.
His five-character ancient poem "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb" has a theme style comparable to that of Du Fu's "Northern Expedition". He showed an amazing picture:
How desolate the countryside in the suburbs of Beijing is and how miserable the life of farmers is. He keenly touched on the social problems such as eunuch's autocratic power, separatist regime in the buffer region, people's livelihood suffering, and rampant thieves. He also profoundly warned the current situation that officials forced the people to revolt, and put forward the progressive viewpoint of dealing with chaos "people are not tied to the sky".
When he exposed the arrogance, extravagance and weakness of the ruler, he made a ruthless and bitter mockery at the emperor.
For example, Li Shan Qing, two poems by Ma Wei and Huaqing Palace directly satirize and criticize Tang Xuanzong. Fu Ping Shao Hou and Chen Hougong satirize Tang Jingzong's ignorance; Hua Yue's "West Queen Mother Temple" condemned Tang Wuzong's behavior of seeking immortality;
He hated the separatist regime of the buffer region and the tolerant attitude of the court towards the buffer region. When he opposed the rebellion in the buffer region, he used rigorous words and spared no effort to praise the heroes who rebelled.
"Following the Teacher" is a rare work, but it also shows the author's extraordinary temperament: "Expedition to the east to transfer thousands of dollars, exhausted the central plains to buy war."
He praised Pei Du, the sage of Zhongxing, in Hanbei and Li Sheng, the general in Fujing.
After the change of Ganlu, he wrote poems such as "Second Feeling" and "Re-feeling" with grief and indignation, which showed the complicated contradictions and struggles between various forces and expressed his desire to "worry about the monarch".
He also further explored the reasons for the rise and fall, pondered the key to the chaos, and summed up the historical lesson of frugality and extravagance: "Look forward to the sages, be thrifty and cut off extravagance." [8]
Reality is ruthless, suffering is heavy, emotions are depressed, ideals are frustrated, and fragile individuals seek the best refuge for their souls in helplessness, so it is not unexpected to turn a mountain into a Buddha. He eulogized the natural spirit and entrusted his feelings to the singing of Buddhist monks.
In "Master of Farewell House", he lamented that "East, West, North and South shed tears".
The Master of Monsoon Anguo and Jane Mencius expressed the feelings of "the sun pushes the crane, and the horizon is opposite to the firefly" under the background of "remembering the lotus and smelling the palm leaf sutra".
Takamatsu is even more elegant than ordinary people: "Takamatsu is outstanding, accompanying me to the end of the world", "there is elegance in the wind, and there is no snow to try to be quiet".
Although "Walking Alone in Qujiang in Late Autumn" is a work of mourning, "Lotus leaves are born in spring and hate in autumn" has deeply infected the charm of Zen.
Wang Anshi spoke highly of him: "Yishan was the only one who learned from Lao Du in the Tang Dynasty."
Ge in the Southern Song Dynasty said in "Yun Zai": Yishan's poems are "elegant in talent, dense in meaning, smooth in interpretation, endless in interest, inexhaustible in variety."
Zhang Caitian said that "hidden words deceive and send".
Liu Xizai used the word "sentimental cotton" to evaluate the style of Yishan.
Ye Xie thinks that Li Shangyin's poems are "deeply affectionate and well written".
Feng Hao said that he "buried his thoughts" when commenting on Li Shangyin.
Zhu pointed out the characteristics of Yishan's poems from two aspects: "exquisite theme and rich words".
Lu Xun's evaluation is also quite pertinent: "Yuxi was born with clear pronunciation and beautiful sentences. How dare she compare with others? I am dissatisfied with too many allusions."
Living in a secluded winter dusk is his last poem;
I am old, like a bird with broken wings, and I can't fly high any more. Living in a remote suburban garden, the scenery is ice and snow, which is the harsh winter of life.
Time flies and old age has arrived, but it is still a universal desire to rectify the country. This is a winter night and sunset related to an empire, but it's a pity that a humble intellectual sighed in vain. What a cold feeling and lonely mood this should be.
The heart of spring is not the hair of a hundred flowers. Even this bright fire of love has only ashes?
In Yuyang Mountain, where Li Shangyin studied Taoism, there are two Taoist temples: Yuyang Temple and Ling Du Temple.
Li Shangyin lives in Yuyang Temple, where there is a young, beautiful, intelligent, alert, determined and good at singing and dancing. She cares about the city, then the country.
The couple soon fell in love, which was their first love. They gave all their sincerity and enthusiasm, which is irreplaceable by anyone and will never be forgotten until death.
The identity of this woman was originally a maid-in-waiting to serve the princess. The princess entered the Taoist temple as a maid-in-waiting, and became a female crown with the princess, that is, a Taoist and a real person.
This unforgettable love is regarded as neither fish nor fowl love. It ignores all customs and ethics and violates Taoist precepts. Therefore, no matter how vigorous it is, it is doomed to be a tragedy.
Li Shangyin was expelled from the Taoist temple and driven off Yuyang Mountain; Song Zhenren was forced to abort the fetus and then sent back to the palace to be a maid of honor.
In the poem "The Threshold of the Mirror", we saw a female crown with a lotus face and pure jade. She has elegant manners and is proficient in melody. Her smile is charming and lovely, and her makeup is lovely. However, "there is no fog in five miles, and Sanqiu only looks at the river", which makes this woman unattainable and the poet can't help falling in love with her.
Govin expressed the poet's love and yearning: "This sound is heartbroken." .
The poem "Ri Gao" says: "The smooth skin is hopeless and the moth sticks to the screen", which further expresses that he is willing to make any sacrifice for the real Song people, even at the cost of his life.
In "One Piece", he finally got up the courage to confess: "Don't put the wedding ceremony in the later stage." Time flies, dear, don't live up to this gorgeous youth, and enjoy the sweetness and happiness of love with me.
"Chang 'e" uses "a clear sea, a clear night heart" to imply a sweetheart: don't be locked in dreams by stale teachings and rules, don't dust off your true feelings, and don't let the fetters of secular ethics stifle our free souls.
In the untitled poem "Cloud slurry is frozen before drinking", Li Shangyin, a teenager, suffers from lovesickness and is in a state of hunger and thirst.
They met, but came and went in a hurry. The bell of dawn has rung, and you must return to the Taoist temple. You must be leaning against the plum tree by the wall, smiling at last night's lingering, waiting for us to get together again.
"I haven't heard of rain before, and I don't know how I got lost." [9], we cannot be recognized as "legal" husband and wife. We only meet in dreams, but good dreams are fragile and the road to love is so difficult and far away. Nian Yun is another sad morning farewell after a party.
Let's take a look at the poet's "Three Poems from Bi Cheng". We looked up and saw the stars sink to the bottom of the sea from the window. When clouds and rain drifted across the Milky Way, we looked across the river. You are like crystal dew. You will leave when the sun comes out. How I wish you were like a pearl. I can cherish you day and night. The love of my life will never part. In my loneliness, I recall the infinite passionate love we once had, and the crystallization of love was lost with "checking with God".
In the Notre Dame Temple, he asked: When will you come back to my arms? The poem "Farewell" declares the eternity of their love to the world, and no matter what great changes take place, they can't stop their deep affection for each other. This untitled poem, immortal, appeared, "Spring silkworms will spin until they die, and candles will cry their wicks every night". We will love each other forever, and this feeling will never change.
When "crossing the Temple Mount again" is already a lonely and desolate scene of "a spring dream and rain often float tiles, and the spirit wind does not meet the flag all day", the figure of former lovers is still in sight.
The poet reunited with Song Huayang in Chang 'an in his later years. In retrospect, he wrote many untitled poems. "Even this bright flame of love will only be ashes?" It is the sadness and sadness that people who have experienced what kind of emotions will send out. Anyway, "a moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it" [10] This is the end.
Li Shangyin is a pure poet. He entrusts all his emotional and spiritual world to poetry.
He stood in the dark twilight of the late Tang Dynasty. He loves a real and warm life, but the reality gives him endless bitterness and loneliness.
He was sad, endured tears and walked alone in the world. His poems are scattered dreams and painful acacia. In the exquisite art world, he touched the world.
Reference:
1. "the whole Tang poetry" volume 372 Meng Jiao's "making love", Beijing: Zhonghua book company, 1999 edition, page 4 196.
2. "Full Tang Poetry" Volume 540 Li Shangyin "Sunset Tower", p. 6239.
3. "The Whole Tang Poetry" Volume 422 Li Yuansi, page 4654.
4. "Full Tang Poetry" Volume 540 Li Shangyin "Daiyue public house prostitute princess Xu", p. 6254.
5. "Full Tang Poetry" Volume 59 1 Cui Jue's "Crying Li Shangyin", p. 69 15.
6. "Full Tang Poetry" Volume 58 1 article "Good Morning Travel", p. 6796.
7. "Full Tang Poetry" Volume 54 1 Li Shangyin "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburbs", p. 6299.
8. "All Tang Poems" Volume 539 Li Shangyin's "Poems on History", p. 6223.
9. "Full Tang Poetry" Volume 540th Li Shangyin "Zhong Yuan Zuo", p. 6240.
10. Full Tang Poetry Volume 539 Li Shangyin's Jinse, p. 6 194.
About the author: Chloe Wang, a teacher of English Department of Luoyang Institute of Technology, director of British and American Literature Research Center, doctor of literature of Beijing Foreign Studies University, engaged in the teaching and research of comparative literature and cross-cultural studies.