The professional skills of doctors are called national hands; The Earth Master studied the book of Kate, which is called "Kanyu".
Lu Yi Bian Que, an ancient famous doctor; Cui Bai of Zheng Qian is a famous painter in ancient times.
If Wang Liang, if Zhao Fu, are good royalty; Dong Fangshuo and Chunyu Kun are both interesting people.
Those who call heaven "Taishi" and books "books" are called "Zhangwen".
Those who roll dice, drink pheasants, and shout Lu; Those who are good at shooting pass through the sun.
Suipu's play is a double land; Happiness in oranges means going.
The loser cuts the wooden kite and flies for three days without falling; Zhang Monk friend painted a dragon on the wall, making the finishing point, and lightning soared.
However, strange skills seem useless to people, while all kinds of arts are useful.
2. What are the classical Chinese learning games that imply unlimited development in the future? Teaching objective: 1. Learn three new words, understand the meaning of sentences, grasp the content of the text, and realize the truth of concentration in doing things.
2. Read and recite the text with emotion, so that it is correct, the rhythm is properly paused, and the language characteristics of classical Chinese are initially felt from repeated reading. 3. Understand the methods of learning classical Chinese and cultivate the interest in learning classical Chinese.
Teaching emphasis and difficulty: read the meaning of each sentence, punctuate the sentence correctly, and read and recite fluently. Teaching process: 1. Ask questions after reading the text roughly; 1. Stimulate interest and introduce 1. The teacher retells the allusions of Meng Mu's three movements, and the students guess.
2. Introduce the author and get to know Mencius. Students read their own textbooks: Mencius, a famous thinker, politician and educator in China, was a native of Lu during the Warring States Period.
He is a master of Confucianism after Confucius and is honored as an "elegant sage". Later generations called him and Confucius "Confucius and Mencius". He and his disciple * * * compiled the book Mencius. 3. Today, we will learn a classic article by Mencius (1), the title of blackboard writing, and question it.
(2) Guide students to read illustrations to understand the topic (there are illustrations in the courseware). What else do you want to know after understanding the topic? (2) Read the doubts 1 by yourself, read the text by yourself, read the correct pronunciation and read the sentences.
2. Talk about feelings while reading (classical Chinese is difficult to read and understand). 3. The old teacher reads (1), listens to the rhythm, and marks the words and sounds that are paused and mispronounced.
(2) Just reading this classical Chinese, did you hear the difference between a teacher and a vernacular Chinese? Summary of reading methods: reading is slow and there are many pauses in sentences. Students practice reading at the same table. 5, indicate reading aloud, pay attention to the accent: (Hu) (Fu) Frodo and Gong (Zhu) 6, hey, you suddenly seem to be poetic young scholars! Are there any questions after reading the text carefully? 7. problems.
Second, read the text intensively to solve doubts and doubts 1, and read the book one hundred times to reveal its meaning. If the method is just right, it will be easier to learn. Let's pick up the textbook and read the translation together. 2. Group cooperation, comparative reading of ancient prose and translation, and exploration of solving doubts.
Third, re-examine the problem of reading the text. 1. Quiet thinking and heated discussion make the teacher feel that the students are very enthusiastic about learning classical Chinese. Did you get anything? Did you find anything? Who dares to be the best in the world? -Who dares to speak first? (Raise your hand) OK! The man who dares to be the first in the world appears. Please report to everyone boldly: I found many things in the text, but the meaning is different. 2. What a great discovery: Qiu Yi, who is familiar with this country/good at playing games.
Do/play autumn/teach two people/play, one of them/concentrate, but/play autumn/listen; Although a person/listens, he is preoccupied with thinking/that a swan/is coming, thinking/bowing/shooting it. Although/use/use learning, if enough.
Why/is it its wisdom/Froude and? Yue: No/but there are. 3. Encourage students to annotate the meaning of the word "zhi" or draw the corresponding meaning in the translation.
4. Report and exchange △ "Qiu Yi, a good player in China." (1), guide students to talk about the meaning of sentences against the translation, and help students master the basic methods of understanding classical Chinese sentences with the help of pictures.
(2) The camera guides students to understand the meaning of "zhe" and "ye". Student: A person who is good at playing chess.
Teacher: You are right. In this way, the word "zhe" is strictly what "person" should look like.
Look at what you just said: the author-the person who writes the article, the reader-the person who reads the article, and the winner-the winner are all "good people", right? △ "Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess ... shoot when you think of a bow. Although there is reference, it is a blessing. "
(1), exchange the understanding of each sentence, and then understand the different meanings of several "zhi". (2) Everyone has read the text and now they understand it.
So, what about two people who also learn chess from chess? Why does a person study well? What about the other person who can't learn well? Health: one person is absorbed, and one person is half-hearted. Health: One person is absorbed in his study, while the other is thinking about how to shoot down the swan.
Teacher: Can you read their respective performances? Student: Find a sentence Reader: Is the intelligence of the last apprentice not as good as that of the previous one? -.Delta "What is wisdom? Say: unnatural. " (1), understand the meaning of communication sentences, and ask students to make the meaning of sentences clear in their own words and speak fluently.
(2) Guide reading and experience the tone of classical Chinese reading (in the form of question and answer). 5. What's their attitude towards learning? The idiom "One person is attentive, one person is half-hearted, and one person is attentive" comes from the article "Learning Chess". Can you also summarize their performance with different idioms? Concentrated-absent-minded-single-minded-half-hearted-single-minded-meticulous-looking around 6. Performance reading 4. Test feedback extension. Yes, because attitude is everything.
Students, come on, let's use our intelligence to make a few aphorisms for all those who are half-hearted in life and give them directions. 2, students' own warnings: 5, recommended reading to improve literacy 1, recommended reading to show "the number of games today, decimal, if you don't pay attention, you can't."
("Mencius? The original "Gao Zi" is an unselected sentence in this lesson), and the deskmate understands and exchanges, deepening the understanding of the ideological connotation of the text. 2. Collect and read short stories in classical Chinese such as "Carving a Boat for a Sword" and "Waiting for a Rabbit".
3. Expand or create a story. What happens if two people concentrate? Attachment: concentrate on blackboard design, learn half-heartedly, and get nothing. Attitude determines all the teaching objectives of "Two-Child Debate Day": 1. Organize students to read the text and correctly read and understand the new words and phrases in the text; 2. Reading the text with the notes in the book can grasp the main idea of the text; 3. Cultivate students' interest in questioning and exploring knowledge, and stimulate their enthusiasm for innovation.
Teaching emphasis: 1. Organize students to read the text and correctly read and understand the new words and phrases in the text; 2. Read the text with the notes in the text, and you can grasp the main idea of the text. Teaching difficulties: 1. Cultivate students' interest in questioning and exploring knowledge and stimulate their enthusiasm for innovation.
Teaching hours: one class teaching process: 1. Situation introduction "Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing."
With the development of modern science and technology, should we learn classical Chinese? Classical Chinese is knowledge.
In his Introduction to Ancient Chinese, Mr. Wang Li pointed out that there were roughly two systems of ancient written language: classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese. Classical Chinese refers to "the written language of ancient Chinese formed on the basis of the spoken language in pre-Qin and the language in the ancient works of later writers". Classical Chinese, that is, articles written in classical Chinese, that is, ancient classical Chinese works and works imitating it in past dynasties. Classical Chinese, as a written stereotyped writing language, has been used for two or three thousand years, from pre-Qin philosophers and poems in Han Dynasty to ancient Chinese prose in Tang and Song Dynasties and stereotyped writing in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Classical Chinese is the most basic written language form in China ancient literature.
Most of China's important ancient books are written in classical Chinese, and many immortal works have always been known for their conciseness. It can be said that classical Chinese itself contains concise factors: first, classical Chinese is dominated by monosyllabic words, with few disyllabic words and disyllabic words; Second, classical Chinese is often omitted, and it is very common to omit subjects, objects, predicates and prepositions. In addition, the famous writers of past dynasties paid more attention to the tempering of language and emphasized "the great meaning of small words", thus forming the style of classical Chinese.
In the long historical process, classical Chinese has played an important role. It is classical Chinese, which unifies our multi-ethnic country with a vast territory and complicated dialects in written language. Classical Chinese, as a common written language form, records the splendid civilization of ancient China for thousands of years. Classical Chinese is a huge treasure house. The Chinese nation's long-standing culture has been passed down, and classical Chinese has contributed a lot.
China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world and one of the birthplaces of mankind. Over the past 5,000 years, through the creation and accumulation of China people from generation to generation, China culture has experienced vicissitudes, but it is endless, with rich and profound connotations. Needham, an expert on the history of science and technology in Britain, listed China's contribution to the world in many aspects, including 100, and believed that many ancient inventions originated in China. In addition to science and technology, in philosophy, politics, law, religion, history, education, literature, calligraphy, painting, sculpture, architecture. Our ancestors made outstanding achievements in medicine, mathematics, astronomy, calendar, geoscience and military affairs. Such brilliant cultural achievements have been completely and orderly preserved by classical Chinese. There are more than 10,000 kinds and hundreds of thousands of volumes in the Summary of the General Contents of Sikuquanshu alone, not counting those recorded in the Unreceived Bibliography of Sikuquanshu and the general catalogue of series. In this cultural treasure house piled up with "bricks and stones" in classical Chinese, the landscape of Chinese civilization is condensed, the history of the Chinese nation is recorded, the life of dynasties is reflected, and the cultural mentality and way of thinking of China people are revealed. ...
The language system of modern Chinese is developed from the language system of ancient Chinese. Ancient and modern Chinese come down in one continuous line, just like a Yellow River written in ink, winding up to now. The two are the relationship between "source" and "flow", which are both different and inextricably linked.
There are some industries in society that need classical Chinese, such as archaeology.
4. Now that science and technology are developed, do you want to learn "classical Chinese" and see the importance of classical Chinese to cultural inheritance from the perspective of network language.
Thousands of years have passed, and we may not understand the pronunciation of the ancients, but it does not prevent us from reading poetry and history.
I often dive in BBS before I realize the importance of classical Chinese.
China's classical Chinese is unique in the world, and its greatest feature is to separate written language from spoken language. Classical Chinese is simple, catchy and informative, which gives full play to the word-formation characteristics of six characters. Classical Chinese has been used in the New Culture Movement in the early years of the Republic of China. With the popularization of vernacular Chinese, it gradually faded out of our lives.
You may see how many new words are included in Modern Chinese Dictionary every year, but this speed is too outdated in the hot BBS and blog era. If you don't surf the Internet for a long time, or if you don't usually surf the Internet, if you come to see BBS, I'm afraid there are many places where you can't understand what it means. Such as: roof, sofa, bamboo, JJYY, BT…… ... ...
The network represented by BBS, because of the concealment of identity and the relative freedom of speech, enables people to express their opinions freely. Except for some essence, most vulgar and boring languages are full of the internet, which leads to the vulgarization of online language.
The rapidity and timeliness of online consultation enable most people to make quick feedback on it. Of course, the lack of speed (including the speed difference between keyboard input and customary handwriting) is artificial simplification, insufficient proofreading and the popularity of abbreviations, which leads to the fast food of online language.
Most people who use the Internet are young people. They are full of energy and innovation, and dare to despise authority and tradition. Therefore, they will not stick to fixed patterns and ways, and anything new in life can be used. The update rate of network language is no less than the change of fashion, so network language is popular.
But have you thought about it? In our daily formal life, we seldom use online language in writing or speaking-unless you are a punk rebel. Everyone speaks in the language of life because of their social status and family status. Because our real life and online virtual world are two different cultural backgrounds, of course, the background situations in which the two languages are used are also different.
At this point, I realized that our ancestors founded and insisted on using classical Chinese in order to make our culture pass on from generation to generation and not disappear.
Because of the classical Chinese, the Chinese nation has been passed down for 5,000 years and experienced many hardships, and now it still stands among the nations of the world. However, at the same time, the other three ancient civilizations left only one site.
As we all know, China has a vast territory and abundant resources, and different regions have their own dialects. However, the use of the same Chinese characters makes people in different parts of the world unable to understand each other's words and can communicate with each other, which lays a cultural foundation for the unification of all parts of China.
As well as the use of classical Chinese, the words that record culture are separated from the vernacular Chinese that is close to oral Chinese, avoiding the interruption or misunderstanding of cultural tradition inheritance caused by the development and change of oral Chinese:
Not to mention a hundred years, it is elderly people who come to listen to today's children. I'm afraid there are many things that are incomprehensible, not to mention thousands of years.
According to historical research, Hakka dialect in the southeast coastal area is the closest pronunciation and language to ancient Chinese, and Cantonese in Guangdong carries a lot of grammar and sentence structure of ancient Chinese. Moreover, the Mandarin we speak today is not the most authentic Chinese, but the product of mixing with dialects of all ethnic groups in the north!
The development of network language proves that we don't know what the language will look like tomorrow.
But as long as you have received basic literacy education, you can read 300 poems, including Yuefu, Tang poetry, Song poetry and Yuanqu. There is not much difference in grammar and sentence patterns between historical records two thousand years ago and a modern classical Chinese.
The use of classical Chinese not only simplifies the materials consumed in China's historical records as much as possible, but also ensures the continuity and inheritance of culture.
Unfortunately, the New Culture Movement not only completely denied Confucianism, but also completely denied classical Chinese, which was equivalent to destroying the two cornerstones of China culture.
I hope everyone can read more classical Chinese and make up their own traditional culture classes.
5. Meng Qian Bitan in the classical Chinese "Meng Qian Bitan" includes Bitan, Bubitan and Xubitan.
The twenty-six volumes of Bi Tan are divided into seventeen chapters, which are "story, dialectics, music, image, personnel, government, wit, art, calligraphy and painting, skill, utility, magic, strangeness, fallacy, ridicule, magazine and medical discussion" in turn. "Bu Bi Tan" consists of three volumes, including eleven articles mentioned above.
"Continued Talk" is a volume, regardless of the door. The book contains 609 articles (slightly different in different versions), covering astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, geography, meteorology, medicine, agriculture, engineering technology, literature, history, music and art, etc.
Among these projects, they belong to humanities such as anthropology, archaeology, linguistics and music. About18% of all projects; Natural science accounts for about 36% of the book, and personnel information, military affairs, law and anecdotes account for about 46% of the book. In terms of nature, Meng Qian Bitan belongs to the category of notes.
In terms of content, more than one-third of the space is used to describe and expound natural science knowledge, which is rare in notebook writing. Because of Shen Kuo's high scientific literacy, his scientific and technological knowledge is of great value, which basically reflects the scientific development level of the Northern Song Dynasty and his own research experience. Therefore, Joseph Needham, a British scholar, praised Shen Kuo as "a milestone in the history of science in China" and "the most outstanding figure in the whole history of science in China".
Meng Qian Bi Tan recorded in detail the outstanding contributions of working people in science and technology and their own research results, and reflected the brilliant achievements of natural science in ancient China, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty. The author of the Biography of Shen Kuo in the History of Song Dynasty said that Shen Kuo was "knowledgeable and good at writing, and talked about everything about astronomy, local chronicles, music, medicine and divination".
Needham, a British historian of science, called Meng Qian Bi Tan "a milestone in the history of science in China". 1 July 9791In memory of him, the Purple Mountain Observatory of China Academy of Sciences named an asteroid 2027 discovered by the Observatory in 1964 as Shen Kuo.
In a word, Shen Kuo's Talk in a Dream is an important document and an encyclopedic work in the history of science and technology in China.