Author: Chu Yunqing
Link: /question/59254513/answer/164746894
Source: Zhihu
Copyright belongs to the author all. For commercial reprinting, please contact the author for authorization. For non-commercial reprinting, please indicate the source.
Xin Qiji, Su Shi, Li Bai, Du Fu, and He Zhu.
Let’s talk about Xin Qiji first.
Many readers have been misled by textbooks and believe that Jiaxuan's poems are all "the Han River flows eastward, and all the mustaches and beards are washed away, and the blood is washed away. Everyone is said to be dead, the flying generals of the Jun family, the heroes of the old days." In fact, Xin Qiji There is also chivalrous tenderness, he is strong and soft at the same time.
Just as Su Shi not only has "The great river goes eastward, the waves are gone, but there are romantic figures throughout the ages." He also has tender and watery works such as "It looks like a flower, but it still doesn't look like a flower, and no one cherishes it."
In describing scenery, Xin Qiji has superb language summarization ability. In just a few words, he can cover very complicated scenery or things, and they are integrated and have both form and spirit. At the same time, Jiaxuan has the extraordinary ability to control a variety of styles, which can be roughly divided into three styles. Desolation, depression and sadness are one category; scene descriptions are another category; elegance is another category.
Without further ado, let’s get to the point:
-------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- --
1. Bold Ci
NO.1
Xin Qiji · "Yongyu Le·Jingkou Bei Guting Nostalgia"
Throughout the ages, there is no hero to be found, and Sun Zhong is looking for a place.
On the dancing pavilion and singing stage, the wind and rain blow away the wind.
The grass and trees in the setting sun, the ordinary alleys, where the humane slaves once lived.
Think of those days when we were strong and powerful, and could swallow thousands of miles like a tiger.
Yuanjia hastily sealed the wolf in Xu, and won the hasty visit to the north.
Forty-three years later, I still remember the beacon fire on Yangzhou Road.
Looking back, there is a sacred crow drum under the Buddha Temple.
Who is to ask, Lian Po is old, can he still make a living?
This poem is majestic, tragic, melancholy and frustrating.
Author: Chu Yunqing
Link: /question/59254513/answer/164746894
Source: Zhihu
Copyright belongs to the author all. For commercial reprinting, please contact the author for authorization. For non-commercial reprinting, please indicate the source.
NO.2
Xin Qiji · "Nanxiangzi·Dengjingkou Beigu Pavilion is pregnant"
Where can I look at China? Beigu Tower is full of scenery.
How many things have happened through the ages? long. The Yangtze River is endless.
The young man Wan Dou sat down and broke off the war in the southeast.
Who is the rival of the world’s heroes? Cao Liu. Having a son should be like Sun Zhongmou.
This poem is bold and high-spirited.
NO.3
Xin Qiji · "Congratulations to the Bridegroom·Fu Pipa"
The phoenix tail and dragon fragrance are plucked. Since Kaiyuan and the colorful dance, there have been many romances.
The most bitter guest is the first guest on the Yangtze River, painting a pavilion and waiting for departure.
Leave the fortress and see yellow clouds and snow. I am about to leave my sorrow thirty thousand miles away. Looking at Zhaoyang, the palace is gone.
It’s hard to explain the meaning of string.
The messenger from Liaoyang Station has no voice, the window is cold, the eyes are lightly closed and slowly twisted, and the tears are filling the eyelashes.
The pushing hand returns the hand affectionately, with a hint of Liangzhou sadness.
Eternal events, clouds and smoke disappear. There is no news about Mr. He's appointment. He wants to rest in the bustling north of Chenxiang Pavilion.
When I play it here, I cry.
Vigorous, melancholy, sad and desolate.
This Qilu big man may be really sad to the core. Only then did he write so many sad and sad words. "I played it here for whimpering." The whimpering person was exactly himself.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
2. Graceful words
p>NO.4
Xin Qiji· "Zhu Yingtai is near"
Baochai is divided, peach leaves are crossing, and smoke and willows are darkening Nanpu.
Afraid of going up stairs and being exposed to wind and rain nine times out of ten. Broken heart slices are red, and no one cares about them. Who can persuade them to stop singing?
Looking at the temples, you should predict the return date of the flowers, and then count the hairpins again.
The lights in the tent are dim, and I choke with sobs and say in my dream: It is he who brings sorrow in spring. Where does spring go? But I don't understand it, and I will take away the sorrow.
There is really no trace of boldness in this poem. The whole poem creates a distinct image of a woman in a boudoir. She is sentimental, charming and affectionate, yet innocent and simple. This poem is clear and beautiful, graceful and charming. It is a famous poem among Xin Qiji's "graceful" poems.
NO.5
Xin Qiji· "The Green Jade Case·Yuan Xi'an"
The east wind blows thousands of trees and flowers down at night, and the stars fall like rain.
The road is filled with the fragrance of carved BMWs, the sound of phoenix flutes, the light of jade pots, and the dance of fish and dragons all night long.
Moths are covered with golden strands of snow and willow, and laughter is filled with hidden fragrance.
The crowd looked for him thousands of times, but suddenly looking back, he was there, in a dimly lit place.
Aloof and lonely, indifferent and self-reliant, willing to be lonely, and different from popular customs. Isn't this the author's self-portrait? Liang Qichao commented: "Self-pity is lonely, and there is no embrace for sad people." It can be said that it hits the nail on the head, and it can be seen that it is deeply implicit. It is a masterpiece of "graceful" poetry in Song Dynasty.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
3. Tenderness: < /p>
NO.6
Xin Qiji· "Nian Nujiao·Book on the Wall of Dongliu Village"
The wild tang flowers have fallen, and the Qingming Festival has passed in a hurry.
The east wind in the land deceives the guests' dreams, and the clouds screen the cold night.
The curved bank holds a wine cup, and the weeping poplars tie the horses to each other. I once said goodbye to this place.
The building is empty and people are gone, but Feiyan can talk about the old travel.
At the east end of Qimo Road, pedestrians often see each other, and the moon is slender under the curtain.
The spring river of old hatred is still flowing, and the new hatred is thousands of clouds high.
It is expected that in the Ming Dynasty, when we meet again in front of you, the flowers in the mirror are difficult to break.
You should also be surprised to ask how many white hair you have recently.
After the Qingming Festival in the fifth year of Chunxi reign of Emperor Xiaozong, Jiaxuan was called to serve as the Shaoqing of Dali. He traveled down the river from Jiangxi to Dongliu, and remembered the past when he fell in love with a woman while traveling here. When he found the painting building, it was already empty and empty. When he was already desperate, he unexpectedly heard passers-by say that the woman was still here, but had just moved to the east end of the street. However, this unexpected news did not make Jiaxuan happy, but made him sigh with emotion, and old hatreds and new sorrows came to his heart. The graceful girl back then may now have star frost on her temples.
This poem shows the soft-hearted side of Jiaxuan's chivalrous man. Although he is a majestic man on the battlefield who is "in his prime and supports ten thousand men", he will still be tender when facing the woman he has loved. Like water, full of melancholy.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
4. Scenery Type
p>NO.7
Xin Qiji · "Xijiang Moon·Walking on the Yellow Sand Road at Night"
The bright moon scares the magpies on the other branches, and the breeze sings the cicadas in the middle of the night. The fragrance of rice flowers tells of a good harvest, and the sound of frogs sounds.
Seven or eight stars are outside the sky, and two or three points of rain are in front of the mountain. In the old days, by the forest of Maodian Society, I suddenly saw it when I turned around the head of the stream.
There is stillness in movement, movement in stillness, and the integration of movement and stillness is the highest level.
He also obtained the true intention and described the scenery without any separation, as if it were before his eyes, as if someone had experienced it personally, and it has been integrated into nature. This kind of creative technique has extraordinary artistic appeal and is rare in ancient and modern times. Having seen the gloom and desolation of Lord Jiaxuan, I read this poem again and sighed that his talents are as varied as a dragon's and unpredictable.
NO.8
Xin Qiji· "Partridge Sky·Ode to Generations"
The soft mulberries on the road are broken and young, and some silkworm seeds are already growing in the east neighbor . The fine grass in the plain hills calls yellow calves, and the cold forest spots the dusk crows in the setting sun.
The mountains are far and near, and the road is sloping. There are people selling wine in Qingqi. The peaches and plums in the city are worried about the wind and rain, and the wild shepherds are blooming in the spring at the head of the stream.
In just twenty-seven words, the distant mountains and near mountains, the main roads and alleys, the Green Flag Hotel, and the streams and wild flowers are almost magically sketched. This kind of real rural picture has a strong sense of perspective. , as in front of someone's eyebrows.
NO.9
Xin Qiji· "Qingpingle·Village Dwelling"
The eaves are low and the grass is green on the stream. When drunk, Wu Yin is very charming, but who is the old lady with gray hair?
The eldest son is hoeing beans to the east of the stream, while the middle son is weaving a chicken coop. What I like most is when my child dies, lying down at the head of the stream and peeling lotus pods.
It is purely a very poetic picture of rural life, which makes people feel very friendly and natural when reading it.
In addition, Xin Qiji also wrote another famous poem about scenery: "Sheng Chazi·Wandering Alone in Yuyan". Due to space limitations, I will not introduce it here.
--------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------
After talking about Xin Qiji, let's Look at Su Shi.
Su Zizhan was a leader in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty and the most outstanding literary master in the Song Dynasty. He was proficient in prose, poetry, lyrics, calligraphy, painting, garden art, and literary theory criticism. He could be described as an all-round literary master.
His poems are mainly Qingxiong and open-minded, but his style also has a variety of postures. For example, Liu Kezhuang's "Houcun Poetry Talk" commented: "There are those who are sweaty, there are those who are elegant, and there are those who are elegant. Some are simple and simple, open and closed, ever-changing." Mr. Qian Zhongshu said that Su Shi was "the most authentic and natural person" among Song poems. These insights are very unique.
In short, Su Shi greatly improved the ideological and artistic realm of Song poetry, and can be called the soul of Northern Song poetry.
Let’s first talk about his poetry and compare two different styles.
NO.10
Su Shi · "One of the Five Wonders of Watching the Tide on August 15th"
Jiang Shen He Bo has two fertile chickens, and Hai Ruodong Come out angry.
Andefu sent a water rhinoceros to shoot three thousand strong crossbows at low tide!
Purely use virtual pens, that is, mobilize imagination and rely on fictional images. The first sentence uses the insignificance of the River God and He Bo as a contrast to the hugeness of the Poseidon. It borrows the image of the "fertile chicken" from the allusion of "Zhuangzi" to describe rivers, which is novel, ingenious, and advanced. The second sentence says that the sea is coming from the east and its breath is like a rainbow, which makes people imagine its shocking momentum. Three or four sentences use allusions, imagining a heroic soldier firing a powerful crossbow, showing great courage and fullness of spirit.
The whole poem is majestic, bold and full of spirit.
NO.11
Su Shi · "Five Wonders of Drunken Books at Wanghu Tower on June 27th·Choose Two of the Five"
The black cloud has not yet turned over the ink Covering the mountains, white raindrops jump into the boat.
The west wind that swept the ground suddenly blew away, and the water under Wanghu Tower was like the sky.
This poem describes the process of a sudden rainstorm in summer. In the poet's writing, clouds rise, rain falls, wind comes, the sky clears, and the water rises all in one go. First it is fast and violent, very powerful, and then it turns to relaxed and calm. It is really a flying ink, unpredictable, majestic and magnificent. The metaphors of "turning ink" and "jumping beads" are used very well, taking into account sound, light, color and dynamics.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
2. See him romantic again Type of charm:
NO.12
Su Shi · "The Five Wonders of Hekong Mizhou"
The pear blossoms are pale white, the willows are dark green, and catkins fly all over the city.
Melancholy A tree with snow in the east column makes life so clear.
The whole article touches the scenery, the objects are pure and beautiful, the singing and sighing are coherent, and it is natural, full of the charm of Tang Dynasty quatrains.
NO.13
Su Shi · "Begonia"
The east wind is full of light, and the fragrant mist is filled with the moon in the corridor.
I am afraid that the flower will fall asleep late at night, so I burn a red candle to illuminate my red makeup.
Full of charm and lasting affection.
Su Shi also has another kind of poem, which is good at metaphors:
NO.14
Su Shi· "Hezi Nostalgia from Mianchi"
Life is similar everywhere, it should be like a flying dragon stepping on snow and mud.
Occasionally, there are fingers and claws left on the mud, what about Hongfei?
The old monk has died and a new pagoda has been built. There is no reason to see the old inscriptions if the walls are broken.
Do you still remember the bumpy days? The road is long and the people are sleepy and the donkeys bray.
The momentum is superb, the brush strokes are free, the mood is smooth, and the artistic conception is free and desolate.
Since Dongpo’s poems, “snow and mud claws” have become a metaphor for the randomness of life’s whereabouts and the disappearance of traces in an instant; at the same time, it has also become an example of Su’s poetry that is good at metaphors.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
Su Shi also has a kind of fullness Those with theoretical interests, such as "Ti Xi Lin Bi", are limited in length and will not be introduced.
His words come next.
When it comes to Su Ci, people always think that Comrade Su Shi has a broad-minded style of writing. In fact, Su Shi is also ever-changing in terms of the style and content of his poems. At the same time, he made many bold attempts in the development of lyrics, and his greatest contribution was "using poetry as lyrics".
Liu Chenweng of the Southern Song Dynasty said in the "Preface to Xin Jiaxuan's Ci": "When the poem reaches Dongpo, it is upright and upright, like poetry and writing, and the wonders of heaven and earth."
His style in his words, There are at least four kinds, and I will only mention three:
1. Bold and unrestrained.
NO.15
Su Shi · "Jiangchengzi·Hunting in Mizhou"
I chatted like a teenager, holding the yellow on the left and the blue on the right. Brocade hats and mink fur coats, thousands of cavalry rolling around Pinggang.
In order to repay the favor, I followed the prefect, shot tigers myself, and watched Sun Lang.
It doesn’t matter if you’re drunk, your chest is still open, and your temples are slightly frosted! In the cloud of holding the festival, when will Feng Tang be punished?
I can draw the eagle bow like the full moon, look northwest, and shoot at the wolf.
It is open-minded, passionate, sharp in words, sonorous in rhymes, rapid in rhythm, and compelling in momentum. It has a strong and heroic style, which is in sharp contrast to the graceful and soft style of poetry at that time, and is an impassioned and impassioned poem for the Southern Song Dynasty. The patriotic words were the first of their kind.
NO.16
Su Shi · "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia"
The great river goes eastward, and the waves are exhausted, and there are romantic figures throughout the ages. Therefore, on the west side of the fortress, the human path is: Chibi, Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms. Rocks pierced through the air, stormy waves crashed onto the shore, and thousands of piles of snow were rolled up. The country is picturesque, and there are so many heroes at one time.
I think back to Gong Jin’s time, when Xiao Qiao got married for the first time and looked majestic and handsome. Feather fans and silk scarves were used, and the oars and oars were turned into ashes while talking and laughing. My motherland wanders in my mind, I should laugh at my passion, and I will be born early. Life is like a dream, a statue returns to the moon.
The whole poem is full of passionate emotions, ups and downs, vigorous writing, majestic atmosphere, and the momentum of singing into the clouds. Hu Zai of the Southern Song Dynasty commented in "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua": "Dongpo's Chibi dialect of 'The Great River Goes East' has a sublime meaning and is truly a masterpiece of ancient and modern times."
So, this is his bold and open-minded style. word.
--------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
2. Free and easy type
NO.17
Su Shi · "Looking to the South of the Yangtze River·Transcendent Stage Work"
The spring is not old yet, the wind is gentle and the willows are slanting. Try to watch it on the transcendent stage, half a ditch of spring water and a city of flowers. Thousands of homes are covered in mist and rain.
After eating cold food, I will wake up and sigh. Stop thinking about old friends and homeland, and try new tea with new fire. Poetry and wine take advantage of the youth.
He is handsome, free and easy, elegant and natural, with a lingering charm.
NO.18
Su Shi·"Ding Fengbo"
Don't listen to the sound of beating leaves through the forest, why not scream and walk slowly.
The bamboo stick and mango shoes are easier than the horse, who is afraid? A coop of mist and rain will last a lifetime.
The steep spring breeze blows away the drunkenness, it is slightly cold, but the mountain tops are shining slantingly.
Looking back, I have always been in a bleak place. When I returned home, there was no wind or rain or sunshine.
This song is not only free and easy, but also transcendent and broad-minded.
--------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
3. Graceful and lingering
NO.19
Su Shi · "Shuilongyin·Ciyun Zhang Zhifu Yanghua Ci"
It seems like a flower but not a flower, and no one cherishes it. .
Leaving home and taking the road, my thoughts are ruthless and thoughtful.
The lingering damage to the tender intestines makes the eyes so sleepy that they want to be opened or closed.
The dream travels thousands of miles with the wind, looking for the man's whereabouts, but is still called by the oriole.
I don’t hate that these flowers will fly away, I hate that the red flowers in the West Garden are difficult to decorate.
The rain has passed at dawn, where is the trace? A pool of broken apples.
There are three parts of spring scenery, two parts of dust, and one part of running water.
Looking carefully, it is not Yanghua, but the tears of separation.
Yang Hua is really a masterpiece, full of lingering resentment, blending of scenes, completely selfless, and has reached its charm.
NO.20
Su Shi · "Butterflies in Love with Flowers"
The flowers have faded and are red, green and apricots are small. When the swallows fly, the green water is surrounded by people.
There are few willow trees blowing on the branches, and there are no fragrant grasses anywhere in the world!
There is a swing in the wall, a road outside the wall, pedestrians outside the wall, and a beautiful woman in the wall smiling.
The laughter gradually disappeared and became quieter, and the passionate people were annoyed by the ruthlessness.
It can be clearly proved that Su Shi was not incapable of writing romantic poems that lean on the red and green trees, but he did not bother to write them. He deliberately created bold poems that were "unique" and opposed to Liu Yong's style of writing.
Wang Shizhen of the Qing Dynasty said in "Flowers and Grass": "I am afraid that the relationship between farming and farming will be so beautiful that I may not be able to survive." This points out the charm of this poem.
--------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
After talking about Su Xin, we Let’s look at He Zhu’s words again.
When talking about He Zhu, everyone will think of his "a river of tobacco, the city is filled with wind and catkins, and the plums are yellow and rainy", or his "half-yellow plums, a curtain of rain in the evening". The impression his poetry style gives us is lingering, graceful, gentle, and subtle.
But in fact, he is also a passionate man. His "Six States Songtou" is so exciting and high-spirited that it makes people's blood boil when reading it.
NO.21
He Zhu·"The Sapphire Case"
Lingbo could not reach Hengtang Road, but he watched Fangchen go.
Who will spend the golden years? Yueqiao Garden, with its slender windows and red doors, is the only place where spring is known.
The blue clouds slowly rise into the twilight sky, and the colorful pen inscribes new heart-breaking sentences.
How much leisure and sorrow do you have? Yichuan tobacco, the city is full of wind and rain, and plums are yellow and rainy.
The following three lines can be said to be He Zhu's original swan song, so it is also called "He Meizi". In fact, I realized the image of He Zhu's "a river of tobacco, a city full of wind, and plums with yellow rain" at a very young age. The only difference between poets and ordinary people is that they can not only realize it, but also write it.
NO.22
He Zhu · "Thanks to the Emperor's Favor"
Lanzhiman Tingzhou has a beautiful road. Luo socks are born in the dust, welcome to visit.
The hairdresser is neatly trimmed, and her emotions are difficult to express. The soft wind blows the catkins, and people are crossing south.
Looking back on old travels, there are countless mountains. The bottom of the flower is deep, where is the red door?
Half yellow plums, a curtain of rain in the evening. The broken soul is given, and spring is about to pass.
The lyrics are gentle and tortuous, and the scenes are sparse but intense. It seems like love but not love, maybe there is sustenance.
These two poems can be said to be a typical example of He Zhu's style of writing, but they are not all of his style.
NO.23
He Zhu · "Six States Songtou·Young Chivalry"
The young man is chivalrous and makes friends with heroes from five cities. The liver and gallbladder holes, the hair is standing up, standing in conversation, life and death are the same, a promise is worth a thousand pieces of gold.
Pushing forward bravely, proudly and boldly, supporting lightly, flying together, fighting against the east of the city.
Drinking wine, the spring scenery floats in the cold jar, and the sea and the rainbow are sucked.
Idle calls of eagles and dogs, white feathers picking up carved bows, cunning holes are empty. Happy rush.
Like a yellow beam dream, say goodbye to the red phoenix; the bright moon shines like a solitary puff. Officials are redundant and unruly, falling into a dusty cage with a collection of books.
The hebian is like a cloud, for rough use, but it can perform extraordinary functions. The bamboo sticks are stirring, the fishing sun is busy, and I am thinking about the sad man.
Don’t ask for a long tassel, just take the talent of a genius, and the sword roars in the west wind. I hate climbing mountains and facing water. I send Qixiantong in my hand and watch my return home.
The language is intense and tragic, the emotions are transcendent, and the style is vigorous and desolate. It doesn't look like it was written by one person at all.
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
Li Bai
< p>I have to say Li Bai, whose style is even more changeable. Extraordinary, bold and free, handsome and fresh, unrestrained and romantic, subtle and subtle, to name a few.Put a poem and feel it yourself:
NO.24
Li Bai · "Moon over Guanshan"
The bright moon rises from the Tianshan Mountains, and the vast sea of ??clouds between.
The wind blows tens of thousands of miles across Yumen Pass.
The Han Dynasty went down the road in vain, and Hu glanced at the Qinghai Bay.
The land was conquered, but no one returned.
The garrison guest looked at the side with a sad look on his face as he thought about returning home.
The tall building is like this night, and I have no time to sigh.