Except for Cave 1, South Cave Temple has only a few caves in the Tang Dynasty, but it has also been transformed by later generations. Up to now, several caves in the Northern Wei Dynasty have been preserved in the Northern Cave Temple, such as the central tower-shaped Northern Cave, which is 4.9 meters high, 4.7 meters wide and 6.7 meters deep, belonging to the late Northern Wei Dynasty. In addition, there are caves and shrines in the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, among which the caves and shrines in the Tang Dynasty account for about two-thirds of the total number of cave temples in the north, and there are statues in the years of Xianqingyuan (656), Siyu, Ruyi (692) and Shengyuan (695). The South Cave Temple in Jingchuan County, a national key cultural relic protection unit, collapsed two years ago. As the rainy season approaches, the temple is facing a collapse crisis. On June 4th, the reporter was informed that the provincial cultural relics experts had initially drawn up rescue measures, and the specific implementation plan had been approved by National Cultural Heritage Administration.
South Cave Temple is located on the north bank of Jinghe River, 7.5 kilometers east of Jingchuan County, with mountains and water at its back. It is also known as the "Double Pearl of Longdong" with Qingyang North Cave Temple. The Southern Cave Temple was excavated in Yongping, Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 50 1). 1963 south cave temple was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit, and 1988 was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit in the State Council. It is understood that Nandong Temple collapsed in 2005, and a stone weighing about 100 kg fell from the top of the main cave, resulting in a big hole at the top of the cave. On the night of March 13, 2006, another landslide occurred, resulting in the collapse of the top and south side of the South Cave Temple 1 Cave. During May Day this year, the "scarred" South Cave Temple had to be temporarily closed to tourists to avoid serious falling sand hitting tourists.
The whole cave faces many dangers: Nandong Temple has exquisite carving technology, exquisite and elegant statues, lifelike, artistic and ornamental. There are the seventh Buddha and two Maitreya Buddhas carved in the grottoes, one on each side, with a total of 14. The reporter learned from the Cultural Relics Protection and Reinforcement Technology Research Center of China Railway Northwest Research Institute that due to years of disrepair, a Buddha statue in the cave was facing collapse, and the staff had to support the top of the Buddha statue with several large pillars to prevent stones and other objects from damaging the Buddha statue. In recent years, the main cave of South Cave Temple has been seriously weathered, and the reliefs and murals in the cave have fallen off in many places. It is reported that Nandong Temple can clean up more than 10 kilograms of fallen walls every week. According to Li Chuanzhu, a member of the expert group of the Research Center and an expert from National Cultural Heritage Administration, at present, there are serious sand falling and landslides in the South Cave Temple. Collapse destroyed the integrity of nearby rock mass and greatly reduced the stability of the whole cave. In addition, excessive humidity accelerates the weathering of Buddha statues and rock walls exposed to the air, and the sand falling at the top of Buddha statues and caves is very serious. Li Chuanzhu told the reporter with great anxiety: "If effective measures are not taken in time to reinforce and let it develop, it will inevitably lead to further collapse of the upper rock mass and endanger the safety of the whole cave and cultural relics."
10.5 million to rescue the South Cave Temple: The reporter learned from Wang Fengrui, the chief engineer of the research center that at present, the rescue and reinforcement plan of the South Cave Temple has been approved by National Cultural Heritage Administration, and the project cost is about 6,543,800+0.5 million. Among them, the rock mass reinforcement project includes measures such as cleaning up dangerous rocks, anchoring dangerous rocks on the rock wall, strengthening the thin-walled rock mass at the top of 1 cave and adjacent airport, burying supporting roof and grouting cracks. Drainage and ventilation works include trimming hillside drainage ditches and setting inclined drainage (steam) holes. Wang Fengrui told reporters: "The overall protection of cultural relics is a multi-disciplinary and multi-professional cooperative project. The current situation in the South Cave Temple is definitely' save people first, then cure them'. Many rescue measures proposed this time are based on "saving lives" to strengthen the stability of the cave carrier and prevent further weathering inside. And it can be said for sure that the technology is mature and the danger should be controllable. As for the later statues and the restoration of the inner wall of the grottoes, further measures need to be taken by the cave research experts of Dunhuang Research Institute. " Wang Fengrui expressed the hope that the rescue and reinforcement project can be implemented as soon as possible, so that the cultural relics of the South Cave Temple can be saved, otherwise the scope of damage will continue to expand and the consequences will be unimaginable. Catastrophic destruction is likely to make the South Cave Temple disappear.
Reward for reporting the manufacture and sale of counterfeit and inferior medical devices: In order to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of citizens, legal persons and other organizations to actively participate in social supervision of medical devices, severely crack down on illegal activities of manufacturing and selling counterfeit and inferior drugs and medical devices, and ensure the safe and effective use of medical devices by the people, our city has formulated the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Reward for Persons who Report the Illegal Activities of Manufacturing and Selling Fake and Inferior Drugs and Medical Devices in Pingliang City. The "Implementation Rules" stipulates that the reward for reporting is divided into level 1, level 2 and level 3 according to the degree of conformity between the evidence provided by the report and the illegal facts that have been identified, and the person who reports meritorious service is rewarded at one time according to the case value of the seized fake and shoddy medical devices, and the case value is below 500 yuan. Reward 50 yuan; If the case value is above 1000 yuan in 500 yuan, it will be rewarded at 8- 10% of the case value; if the approved bonus is less than that in 50 yuan, it will be rewarded in 50 yuan; If the case value is more than 1000 yuan but less than 1000 yuan, it will be rewarded at 6-8% of the case value; If the case value for which criminal responsibility has not been investigated is more than 6,543.8+0.5 million yuan but less than 6,543.8+0.5 million yuan, 4-6% of the case value will be rewarded; If the case value exceeds 6.5438+0.5 million yuan, and the food and drug supervision and administration department implements administrative punishment according to law, it will be rewarded according to 3-5% of the case value. In recent years, there are more and more academic articles about Nandong Temple Monument, but most of them are only a few words because of the lack of original materials. Moreover, because the tablet has not been published yet, there are less than 100 sets of rubbings circulating at home and abroad. People can only see rubbings of about 20 words through professional newspapers or online media, and it is difficult to see the overall calligraphy effect of this famous tablet. Recently, this artistic treasure, which has been silent for more than 500 years, finally came to the world in the form of a whole rubbings, which is gratifying.
The monument of the South Cave Temple is a relic of the opening of the South Cave Temple, a national key cultural relic protection unit. The monument is 225cm high,105cm wide and17cm thick. It was engraved in April of the third year of Yongping in the Northern Wei Dynasty (5 10), with 23 lines and 38 words in regular script. Now there are about 34 words in each line. Nowadays, most of the inscriptions are vague, and with the evolution of the text itself, the handwriting can not be completely confirmed, and the interpretation is similar. When it comes to the monument of the South Cave Temple, we can't help mentioning the South Cave Temple. South Cave Temple is located on the north bank of Jinghe River, 7.5 kilometers east of Jingchuan County. There are five caves, all facing south, which were excavated on Cretaceous red sandstone. The most valuable one is 1 grotto, which is a rectangular grotto, with a height of 1 1m, a width of 18m and a depth of 13m. Square cave door, with a square open window on the top of the front wall door, covering the bucket-shaped roof. There are seven standing buddhas carved on the main wall and the abutment of the left and right walls in the cave, all of which are 7 meters high, with headdresses in a bun, high nose and big ears, full face, robes hanging down to the knees, and a solemn and serene look. There are 14 threatened bodhisattvas on both sides, which are about 3.5 meters high and elegant. There are 1 Maitreya Buddha and Bodhisattva carved on both sides of the front gate, which is 5 meters high. On the east, north and west sides of the grottoes, there are stories of Sakyamuni, including the birth under a tree, the appearance of Asita, singing and dancing in the palace, becoming a monk outside the city, thinking under a tree and so on. Seven buddha is a common theme in Buddhist statues and murals, which appeared in the early grottoes in China. However, the appearance of seven buddha Cave, which is dominated by seven buddha, was the earliest in this cave and Qingyang North Cave, which created a new shape in the architectural history of Buddha Cave.
According to the geographical location of the South and North Cave Temples, the Tang Shi discipline research of the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences holds that "the South and North Cave Temples opened by Jingzhou are imitations of the Northern Wei Dynasty and Beijing Yungang Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes. If this speculation is correct, the excavation of the North and South Cave Temples must have been influenced by the Northern Wei Dynasty, at least with the acquiescence of the imperial court. Otherwise, just Jingzhou, Angan will be comparable to Kyoto. "
Nandong temple
Nanku Temple Monument records the achievements of Xi Kang Sheng in establishing Nanku Temple. There are also the names of donors who invested in the construction of grottoes, including local officials in Longdong area and the richest people. The reason why the author elaborates on it is that the South Cave Temple Monument itself carries rich historical information, and it is the only statue monument left in the South and North Cave Temples. It is not only the most important basis for interpreting the background and content of the statues in the two caves, but also the main physical data for studying local chronicles and official positions. Second, although the inscriptions in the Northern Wei Dynasty were mostly written by folk calligraphers, they were unknown because of the names of rare calligraphers. The excavation of the South Grottoes has such a political background. The calligraphers of the inscriptions in the South Grottoes Temple should be masters, and their calligraphy value is self-evident. Scholars at home and abroad commented on the calligraphy of this monument as "from parting, which is quite similar to Zhongyue Temple Monument, and its boldness and simplicity are closer to Jilong Rock Monument". The strokes are slow and dignified, the words are stable and changeable, and the image is elegant and ancient "; The calligraphy is exquisite and magnificent, and it can be tasted in Weibei "; The brushwork is vigorous and dignified, full of vitality and fortitude, full of heroic Weibei characteristics "; Compared with Wei Bei's calligraphy handed down all over China, it has the unique wild and unrestrained masculine beauty in the northwest, and it is listed as a famous monument in the Northern Wei Dynasty along with Zhang Menglong's monument and the hanging pen dry monument. Because Jingchuan is located in the northwest, far away from the Central Plains, most of the monuments of Nandong Temple are unknown, and most of the early stone carvings are not recorded.
In the early years of the Republic of China, the South Cave Temple Monument was unearthed in Wangjiagou Village, Jingchuan. 14 years later, American scholar Werner and his party, accompanied by Peking University professor Chen Wanli, visited Dunhuang and saw this stone tablet in Xi 'an market, which aroused great interest. Later, when passing through Jingchuan, the attempt to chisel the Buddha's head in Nandong Temple was stopped by local farmers, which caused widespread concern about Nandong Temple and its monuments at home and abroad. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the South Cave Temple and its monuments have been effectively protected, and people's research on the South Cave Temple has become more and more in-depth. However, the artistic value of the South Cave Temple Monument is far from enough. Except for a few domestic and foreign scholars and Japanese scholars who mentioned it occasionally in their works, no special research articles were published, and the South Cave Temple Monument was basically forgotten by academic circles, which led to silence for many years. As the monument has been over 1500 years ago, the handwriting is gradually eroding, and the research level of this monument was shallow at that time. I'm afraid it will disappear in the future if you don't pay attention to it. Therefore, it is not only a blessing to the academic circles, but also cherished by collectors that the stele extension of the South Cave Temple is alive today.