Wang Chaoyun, (1062--1096) named Zixia. A native of Qiantang, Zhejiang Province in the Song Dynasty. The great writer Su Dongpo was a concubine. She was exiled to Huizhou with Su Dongpo in 1094. She died in the third year and was buried in Gushan, West Lake, Huizhou. Su Dongpo personally wrote the epitaph and wrote the poem "Mourning Chaoyun" to express his deep affection and sorrow for Chaoyun. Since Chaoyun died while reciting the "Six Such" verses from the Buddhist scripture "Diamond Sutra", after Chaoyun was buried, the monks of Gushan Qichan Temple built a pavilion "Six Such" on Chaoyun's tomb to commemorate him.
Chaoyun Tomb and Liuru Pavilion are important cultural relics and historic sites in Huizhou. They are very famous and have many inscriptions in the past. In 1984, they were listed as Huizhou City's key cultural relics protection units. Historically, people in Huizhou often paid homage to Zhaoyun on his birthday, December 5th of the lunar calendar, and also held folk gatherings to commemorate him, forming a unique folk memorial activity. Romantic First Encounter
Romantic First Encounter - Wanting to Compare West Lake to Xi Zi Dynasty Yun fell into a singing and dancing class at an early age because of her poor family background and became a famous prostitute in West Lake. Mr. Kong Fanli's "Chronicle of Su Shi" contains: ""Yanshi Zhaibu" states that Chaoyun was a famous prostitute. Su Shi loved her and accepted her as a regular attendant."
Chaoyun was naturally beautiful, intelligent, and good at singing. Although the dance is mixed in the smoke and dust, it has a unique and fresh and elegant temperament. In the fourth year of Xining reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo was demoted to Hangzhou Tongpan for opposing Wang Anshi's new law. One day, he and several literary friends traveled to the West Lake. During the banquet, he invited Wang Chaoyun's singing and dancing troupe to join in the fun. , several dancers are wearing heavy makeup, long sleeves, and dancing gracefully. The Wang Dynasty Cloud dancing in the center is particularly eye-catching with its gorgeous appearance and superb dancing skills. After the dance, all the dancers took their seats to serve the wine, and Wang Chaoyun turned to Su Dongpo. At this time, Wang Chaoyun had changed into another kind of attire: washed off the thick clothes, lightly swept the eyebrows, slightly dotted the lips, and was dressed in a pure dress, elegant. Elegant, charming and charming, it has a unique charm, like the fragrance of orchids in the empty valley, which penetrated Su Dongpo's heart that was dimmed by the changes in the world. At this time, the West Lake, which was originally sunny and sparkling, turned into a different scene due to sudden changes in weather, clouds, and misty mountains and rivers. The beauties in the lake and the mountains complement each other beautifully. Su Dongpo was inspired and wrote a beautiful line about the West Lake that has been passed down through the ages:
The water is bright and sunny, but the mountains are empty and the rain is also strange
If you want to compare the West Lake to the West, light makeup and heavy makeup are always suitable."
The poem clearly describes the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, but in fact it embodies Su Dongpo's heart-stirring feelings when he first met Chao Yun. Chao Yun was ten years old. At the age of two, although he was young, he was smart and alert. Because he greatly admired Mr. Dongpo's talent and was well treated by Su Shi and his wife, he was very grateful for his fate with the Su family and decided to follow Mr. Dongpo's relationship with Su Shi throughout his life. It's very strange. She lived with Su Shi for more than 20 years, and especially accompanied Su Shi through the two difficult years when he was demoted to Huangzhou and Huizhou. However, she never had the name of Su Shi's wife or wife. She only went to Huangzhou. Later, she changed from a maid to a concubine.
A confidante
A confidante who knows her heart and soul - There is no grass in the world
Su Dongpo seems to be in love with Wang. The surname is quite fateful. His first wife, Wang Fu, was only sixteen years old when she married into the Su family. Her red sleeves were fragrant and she was Su Dongpo's best friend. Unfortunately, she died at the age of twenty-seven, which turned into Su Dongpo's deepest emotional sorrow. Ten years after Wang Fu's death, in the dead of night in Mizhou, Su Dongpo wrote the first mourning poem for her in "Jiang Chengzi·Remembering Dreams":
Ten years of life and death are uncertain. Thinking about it, I will never forget it.
Thousands of miles away from the lonely grave, there is no place to talk about it.
Even if we meet each other, we will not know each other.
The night is dark. I suddenly returned home in my dream, and I was dressing up at the small window.
We looked at each other without saying anything, but we could only shed a thousand tears.
It was expected that the heart would be broken every year, and the moonlit night would be short of the pines.
Three years after Wang Fu's death, Su Dongpo remarried Wang Runzhi, his ex-wife's second cousin. She had a docile temperament and regarded Wang Fu's son Su Mai as her own. She was a good wife and loving mother. She also won the respect of Su Dongpo. Although Wang Chaoyun's status was not comparable to Wang Runzhi's, she was more able to enter Su Shi's spiritual world than Wang Runzhi in terms of spiritual and artistic feelings.
She did not rely on her experience in managing a house, but on her understanding and experience of artistic life and her taste for delicate emotions, which made her close to the romantic Su Shi.
Chaoyun and Mr. Dongpo know each other so well that they can know each other’s intentions with every move and move of their hands. The poems written by Dongpo, even if they lightly touch on the past, will arouse Chaoyun's sentimentality. The most typical one is the poem "Butterfly Loves Flowers" written by Dongpo:
The flowers have faded and are red, green and apricots are small. When the swallows fly, the green water is surrounded by people. There are few willow trees blowing on the branches. Where in the world is there no fragrant grass?
There is a swing in the wall, a road outside the wall, pedestrians outside the wall, and a beautiful woman in the wall smiling. The laughter gradually becomes quieter and quieter, but the sentimental one is annoyed by the ruthlessness.
It is said that when Su Dongpo was demoted to Huizhou, Wang Chaoyun often sang this song "Butterfly Loves Flowers" to relieve Su Shi's depression. Whenever Chaoyun sings "There are few willow trees blowing on the branches", he hides his melancholy, becomes overwhelmed with sadness, and stops crying. Dongpo asked why, Chaoyun replied: "What I can't do (finished singing) is that there is no fragrant grass sentence anywhere in the world." Su Shi laughed: "I am sad for autumn, and you are sad for spring again!" After Chaoyun's death, Su Shi "will never hear this word again in his life." The ancients believed that the fragrant grass was transformed by willow cotton, so the willow cotton on the branches blew all over the world, and the fragrant grass grew with the wind. This poem also alludes to Su Shi's fate of "traveling thousands of miles and half of the world, sleeping as a monk in a nunnery and growing old at the beginning". Under the persecution of his political enemies, his life took a turn for the worse, each time he was demoted farther and farther away, and each time he suffered a greater blow. When Chaoyun sang those two lines, he thought of Su Shi's ups and downs in the officialdom and his helpless fate. He felt the same sympathy for Su Dongpo's plight of being demoted for his loyalty and falling to the end of the world, so he burst into tears and couldn't help himself. And Dongpo also knew her closeness, so he deliberately smiled and consoled her. This is evident from the closeness between the two.
If Wang Fu tried hard to give Su Shi deep attention and help in Su Shi's official life and interpersonal relationship work; Wang Runzhi recognized Su Shi's life values ????when Su Shi experienced ups and downs in his life, which made him He felt the warmth and harmony of the family; Chaoyun, with his artistic temperament, good singing and dancing, interest in Buddhism and understanding of Su Shi's heart, agreed with Su Shi. According to the "Dongpo Notes" compiled by Mao Jin: Dongpo retired from court one day, finished eating, felt his belly and walked slowly. Gu asked his servant, "What do you think of this?" A maid suddenly said: " They are all articles." Dongpo disagreed. Another person said: "I'm full of machines." Poe didn't take it seriously either. When he arrived at Chaoyun, he said, "It's not appropriate for a bachelor to have a full stomach." Poe laughed heartily. He praised: "The only one who knows me is Chaoyun." From then on, he loved Chaoyun even more.
It is certainly true to say that Su Shi was full of articles, or full of wisdom and wisdom, but the reason why Su Shi was Su Shi was that he was attacked by both the old and new parties when they were in power, because he was full of outdated ideas. No wonder Su Shi laughed uproariously and made Chaoyun his confidant. Chaoyun knew very well that after experiencing the tragic life changes of life and death, Su Shi had become indifferent to the honors and favors of high-ranking officials. Behind Su Shi's success in his official career, there was hidden his fear of the dependence of blessings and misfortunes in life, his aversion to material wealth and his spiritual life. Feelings of emptiness. Being able to see through Su Shi's inner world, he can be called Su Shi's confidante.
The crystallization of love
The crystallization of love - I hope that the child will be foolish and rude
Su Dongpo stayed in Hangzhou for three years, and then moved to Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. , had many ups and downs, and was even demoted to deputy envoy to Huangzhou due to the "Wutai Poetry Case". During this period, Wang Chaoyun always followed him closely without any regrets. When they were in Huangzhou, their life was very poor. It is described in Su Dongpo's poem: "This year, the grass is cut to cover the snow hall, and the sun is hot and the wind blows on my face like ink." Wang Chaoyun was willing to go through the difficulties with Su Dongpo. Pork is tenderized over low heat and roasted to produce fragrant, glutinous, soft, fat but not greasy pieces of meat. As a delicious accompaniment to Su Dongpo's daily meals, this is what later became the famous "Dongpo Pork."
Yuan On September 27, the sixth year of Feng (1083), 22-year-old Chaoyun gave birth to a son for Su Shi. Su Shi named him Dun (traditional Chinese character Dun).
At this time, Su Shi was following his father's orders to compose the "Biography" for the "Book of Changes". "Dun" is taken from the 37th hexagram "Dun" in the "Book of Changes", which means to stay away from the political whirlpool, escape, and go into seclusion. The lines of this hexagram say: "Jia Dun, Zhen Ji", "Good Dun, Jun Zi Ji", it can be seen that this name not only contains the meaning of one's escape from the world, but also contains many good wishes for his son.
When Dun'er was full moon, Su Dongpo thought of the famous Beijing in the past, but now it "has gradually become unknown to everyone." It was all because his cleverness was misled by his cleverness, so he sighed and wrote a poem to himself:
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Everyone raises his children hoping to be smart, but I have been deceived by being smart all my life;
I only hope that my children will be foolish and careless, and that they will be able to live in public affairs without disaster.
In March of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi received another imperial edict to change him to the deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Ruzhou, and relocated him to Northwest Jing Road. After receiving the order, Su Shi did not dare to neglect, and set off with his family in mid-April. On July 28, when their ship was anchored on the bank of the Jinling River, the little Gan'er died of heatstroke and died in Chaoyun's arms. Su Dongpo was very sad and wrote a poem with a long title: "On September 27th last year, I gave birth to a son in Huangzhou. His nickname was Qian'er, and he was handsome and charming." On July 28 of this year, he died of illness in Jinling and wrote two poems to cry about it.
In my forty-ninth year, I lost my youngest son while traveling in prison.
The youngest son is really my son, and the corners of his eyebrows are already similar.
I didn’t expect to see what I wanted, so I wandered into the book history.
He shook his head but felt embarrassed, as if he was familiar but not ashamed.
My old man is always happy, and I rely on this smile to be happy.
From the above text, we can see Dongpo's love for his son: Seeing that the child was interested in his poems and books, he thought that he would be a good student in the future; the child shook his head and refused the pear fruit. That is to say, he is like Kong Rong who knows the courtesy of benevolence and concession. Mr. Dongpo, who was nearly fifty years old, was greatly relieved from his depressed mood because of the addition of this son. However, just six months later, the child died unexpectedly, which plunged him into extreme grief. Su Shi deeply blamed himself for this, and even believed that Qian'er's death was caused by himself:
Suddenly taken away, I have accumulated bad karma!
The clothes and salary are free from vulgarity, and they will disappear in a moment.
I came back with empty arms and tears like water.
Dongpo's sorrow is extremely severe, and Chaoyun's sorrow can be imagined. The second poem of the poem directly describes Chaoyun at this time:
My tears can still be wiped away, and I will forget them when the sun is far away.
My mother’s cry cannot be heard, and I want to die with you.
Therefore, the clothes are still hanging, and the swollen breasts have flowed out of the bed.
This kind of sad poem can be regarded as the "poetic history" of life's sufferings, and also a confession of mutual understanding and comfort between Dongpo and Chaoyun. Especially the two sentences "The old clothes are still hanging, and the swollen breasts have flowed out of the bed". If you don't love the woman and the child sincerely, and if you are not someone who takes good care of them in life, how can you write the scene in the eyes of the old woman into the book? Within the poem?
Although Chaoyun did not have the title of wife in his life, these few poems are enough to show that Mr. Dongpo, who has always been generous in life, sympathized and understood Chaoyun almost to the point of feeling jealous. The point where they are connected and their pulses are connected.
While loving Chaoyun, Dongpo still regrets and blames himself: he stores medicines like mountains and mountains, and he seeks more prescriptions when he is sick.
I will still cut this aging intestine with the sword of love.
"A doctor cannot heal himself, and a divination cannot tell himself", this is a common saying of the ancients. Maybe Gan'er could be treated by Dongpo himself, who was well versed in medicine, so he wouldn't leave him, but he really cherished this child too much. If Gan'er had any trouble under his hands, his "passionate" and kind heart would be gone. Where can I afford it? The more careful you are, the more trouble you will have, and bad consequences will occur, and the child will die! A "loving knife" full of love between husband and wife, father and son, really wanted to cut Dongpo's intestines into pieces...
After Qian'er died, Dongpo was determined not to go to Ruzhou. He asked Shenzong The above table shows that his request to live in Changzhou is inseparable from his attachment to Changzhou. On the other hand, it is also related to Chaoyun who wants to settle down and take good care of his broken liver and intestines - Changzhou is around Taihu Lake, and the mountains, rivers and customs there are The sentiments of the people should be the most favorable to Chaoyun.
There is another point that has never attracted people's attention, that is, seventeen years later, Mr. Dongpo also passed away on July 28th. Same death anniversary.
A lifetime of hard work
A lifetime of hard work, followed thousands of miles away - unlike Yang Zhibie Lotte
After the death of Song Shenzong, Song Zhezong succeeded to the throne and appointed Sima Guang As prime minister, he abolished all Wang Anshi's new laws; therefore, Su Dongpo, who opposed the new laws, was recalled to the capital and promoted to bachelor of Longtuge, and also served as the young emperor's attendant. At this time, Su Dongpo was very popular with the Empress Dowager Xuanren and the twelve-year-old little emperor. The emperor's appreciation brought great success in politics. It is puzzling to say that when Dongpo's political career was bleak and frustrated, Wang Chaoyun, who had gone hand in hand with him through thick and thin and helped each other, seemed less important at this time. Wang Run, the wife of Xu Xian, naturally took the lead in official entertainment and family matters;
However, after only two years of glory, Su Dongpo was once again pushed out of Beijing and became the prefect of Hangzhou. Returning to the old place, the people of Hangzhou burned incense and fired cannons along the road to welcome their beloved parents and officials. In order to live up to expectations, Su Dongpo came here this time, determined to do several useful things for the people of Hangzhou, as Wang Chaoyun whispered on his pillow. At that time, it happened to be the year of severe drought in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and famine and plague were common in Hangzhou. Therefore, Su Dongpo wrote to the court to request a reduction of tribute rice. At the same time, he opened granaries and set up porridge stations to provide relief to the victims. He also dispatched a large number of good folk doctors. It provided free diagnosis and treatment of epidemic diseases to the victims; it also dug deep wells and diverted water for irrigation, helping the people survive the disaster year. During his tenure, he attached great importance to the renovation of the West Lake. He used the accumulated grass and silt in the lake to build embankments to connect the north and the south. He planted water chestnuts and lotus roots in the lake to prevent the grass from regenerating. He planted hibiscus and willows along the embankments. On a beautiful day in spring and autumn, flowers bloom like brocade, green ribbons blow on the embankment, and people walking on it feel like they are in a painting. This series of improvement measures not only facilitates transportation and beautifies the lake scenery, but more importantly, prevents the siltation of the lake water and protects the city of Hangzhou from the ravages of the river tide. It is indeed a great thing for the people of Hangzhou. In order to commemorate Su Dongpo's virtues, later generations named this long embankment "Sugong Embankment", which actually contains the efforts of his virtuous wife Wang Chaoyun.
In the next ten years, Su Dongpo served as the magistrate of Yingzhou and Yangzhou successively. His second wife, Mrs. Wang, passed away. Zhezong of the Song Dynasty had already taken charge of the government and appointed Zhang Dun as prime minister. A group of ministers with different political views were demoted. Su Dongpo was among them. He was demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang County, Guangdong Province), a land of southern barbarians. At this time, he was already in his sixties. . Seeing that the fortunes were declining and there was no hope of recovery, all the servants, concubines and concubines around him dispersed one after another. Only Wang Chaoyun remained the same, following Su Dongpo on his long journey across the mountains and ridges to Huizhou. Dongpo sighed deeply about this and once wrote a poem:
It is not like the poplar branches saying goodbye to the happy world, but just like the virtues accompanying Ling Yuan;
Anu Luoxiu is different from the old, no The female Vimalakirti explains Zen.
New work in the sutra scroll and medicine furnace, old marriage in dancing clothes and singing songs;
The elixir has been taken away from me to the three mountains; I will not become the Yunyu Immortal of Wushan Mountain.
This poem has the following order: "The Yu family has several concubines, and they resigned one after another in four or five years. Du Chaoyun followed Yu to move south. Because he read Lotte's poems, he wrote this as a gift." At that time, Bai Juyi was old and sick. During his decline, his beloved concubine Fan Su slipped away, and Bai Juyi wrote a poem, "Spring comes back with Fan Zi for a while." Wang Chaoyun and Fan Su were both born as dancing prostitutes, but their temperaments were completely different, and Chaoyun's steadfastness followed them. , adversity and disaster, how could Su Dongpo not be grateful in his twilight years!
Chaoyun encountered the plague when he was in Huizhou, and his body was very weak. He lived with medicine all day long, and it was always difficult to recover. Su Dongpo wrote "Poems of Chaoyun": "The scriptures are scrolled and the medicine furnace is new, and the dancing clothes, singing and fanning are old causes. ", praying to Buddha, chanting sutras, seeking medical advice and decoction, and praying for her recovery. However, Chaoyun, who grew up in Hangzhou, a scenic resort, was a man with rough skin and a snowy heart. In the end, he could not bear the sultry and harsh climate in Lingnan, and soon passed away with reluctance and helplessness. He was only thirty-four years old.
Chaoyun devoted her whole life to Buddhism and had considerable understanding and spirituality. This was also the condition for her to have the same mind as Su Dongpo. As early as when Su Dongpo was the governor of Xuzhou, Chaoyun studied the Diamond Sutra with Sishang Bhikshuni Yichong, and later became a lay disciple of a famous local monk in Huizhou.
Before she died, she persisted in Dongpo's hand and recited four verses of the "Diamond Sutra": "All conditioned phenomena are like bubbles in dreams, like dew and lightning, and should be viewed as such." That is, "Everything in the world is destined, and life is like bubbles in dreams, and Like dew and lightning, it disappears in an instant, so don’t pay too much attention to it.” These words were not just the Zen way she realized after converting to Buddhism. They contained her endless concern and concern for Su Dongpo, both during her lifetime and before her death.
Dongpo respected Chaoyun's last wish and buried her in the pine forest of Qichan Temple on the south bank of West Lake in Huizhou on August 3rd, the third year of Shaosheng's reign, and wrote her "Epitaph" in his own handwriting , the inscription is also like four sentences of Zen:
The pagoda is where you look, and the jialan is where you are.
As your mind dwells, only the Buddha will return.
Chaoyun’s death also has some Buddhist mystery.
On the third day after Chaoyun was buried, a storm broke out in Huizhou. The next morning, Dongpo took his young son Su Guo to visit the tomb and found five giant footprints on the southeast side of the tomb. So he set up a dojo to pay homage to them, and wrote "Huizhou Recommends Chao Yunshu". It said:
Shi moved to Yanhuang because of his guilt. There is a concubine called Chaoyun who has worked hard all his life and followed him thousands of miles away. Suffering from the epidemic of the time, he suddenly fell ill and died. Reciting his words of enduring death, I want to rest under the Zen Zen. Therefore, I built a secluded room to cover my small body. He was guilty of profanely blaspheming the jinglan, and he was also guilty of offending the gods. Three days after the burial, after the wind and rain, five spiritual signs appeared, and all the roads could be seen. This is how we know that the Buddha’s kindness is vast and does not care about the subtleties of all sentient beings. I dare to recommend Dan Cheng and practice the Dharma Assembly. Every plant and tree in Fuyuan Mountain is illuminated by Buddha's light; tonight there are few fragrances and few flowers, all over the world. Anji, Hushan, the tomb will always be strong...
In the days when Chaoyun passed away, Su Shi was so sad that he not only wrote "Chaoyun Epitaph", "Huizhou Recommend Chaoyun Shu", but also "Xijiang Moon" "Plum Blossoms", "Slow Flowers in the Rain" and "Ti Qi Zen Yuan" and many other poems, words and articles to commemorate this confidante. Among them, the famous phrase "Plum Blossoms on the Moon over the Xijiang River" focuses on describing Chaoyun's spiritual outlook and noble sentiments:
Is the jade bone worried about the miasma? The ice skin has its own fairy wind.
When the sea moves, I pass through the fragrant bushes and see a green-haired phoenix hanging upside down.
My plain face looks pink, my lipstick does not fade after washing my makeup,
My high emotions have already chased the dawn sky, and I don’t dream of pear blossoms.
Su Dongpo also built a Liuru Pavilion on her tomb to commemorate her, and wrote a couplet in his own hand: "
Untimely, only Chaoyun can recognize me;
Alone Playing an ancient tune, I miss you even more every time it rains."
The pavilion couplet not only reflects Su Dongpo's lament about the ups and downs in his life, but also expresses his infinite affection for a confidante.
Based on the meaning of "Six Rus", later generations engraved couplets on both sides of the pavilion:
Like a dream, like an illusion, like bubbles, like shadows, like dew, like lightning
Neither birth nor destruction, neither dirt nor purity, neither increase nor decrease
The original name of Huizhou’s West Lake is Zhenfeng Lake. It has green mountains and green water, and misty waves. It resembles the West Lake in Hangzhou. Since Su Dongpo came, it has often been compared to Wang Chaoyun. Walking along the lake embankment and boating on the waves, we recalled the good times in Hangzhou together. Therefore, we named the landscape here after the various scenic spots in Hangzhou West Lake. This was originally the proud work of the two. Unexpectedly, the solitary mountain in a foreign country It turned out to be the place where Wang Chaoyun slept alone.
In order to commemorate Wang Chaoyun, Su Dongpo deliberately built towers, embankments, and plum plants on the West Lake in Huizhou, trying to use these familiar scenery to recall the long-gone days. However, the beauty is gone, and it is true that "people come with letters like autumn, and things leave no trace like a spring dream."
Chaoyun has gone, but her shadow is engraved in Su Dongpo's heart and remains among the landscapes and flowers of West Lake in Huizhou. Thinking about the joys and sorrows of talented men and beautiful women, it makes people cry. Shhhhh. Master Jiu later wrote a poem about Liuru Pavilion:
The Su Di is a place of regret, and the barren tomb faces the Cangming;
The flowing water has been empty for eternity, and the fragrant soul leans on a pavilion.
The three islands of Bohan are green, and the six bridges of Liusuo are green;
Lonely in the Zen temple, where can King Kong listen?
He Jiang, a native of Xinhui, wrote a poem "Chaoyun's Tomb"
Try to go to the top of the mountain to lay a osmanthus syrup.
Chaoyun's beautiful bones have a lingering fragrance.
The tombs of the Song Dynasty are all in ruins,
A talented man can marry an emperor.