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Dynasty: Liu Song in Southern Dynasties.
Occupation: politician, historian
Place of Birth: Yang Shun (now south of Xichuan County, Henan Province)
Date of birth: 398.
Date of death: 445 years.
Main works: The Book of the Later Han Dynasty
Ye Fan-Ye Fan (398 -445), born in Yang Shun (now Xichuan, Nanyang, Henan), was an outstanding historian and writer in the Southern Song Dynasty. Ye Fan was born into a noble family. In the second year of Yuanxi (420), Liu proclaimed himself emperor, recruited as an official, and served as the champion general and secretary of Liu Yikang. In the ninth year of Yuanjia (432), he was demoted as the satrap of Xuancheng for offending Liu Yikang, and wrote the Book of the Later Han Dynasty during his tenure. In the 17th year of Yuanjia (440), Ye Fan took refuge in Liu Jun, the king of Shixing, and served as the commander of the army, the prefect of Nanjun and Prince Zhan. In the 22nd year of Yuanjia (445), he was punished for participating in Liu Yikang's rebellion at the age of 48.
Although Ye Fan became famous in his early years, his position was not high, because he was the illegitimate child of my concubine. It is said that Ye Fan was born when his mother went to the toilet. Because his forehead was broken by a brick, he got the nickname "brick". After Ye Fan was born, because his uncle had no children, he was adopted to Fan Hongzhi, so he was knighted and named the fifth marquis of Xing Wu County. Ye Fan likes reading since he was a child. When I was a child, I read books at home, wrote well, wrote official script, and was familiar with the melody. In the tenth year of Yixi (4 14), the county was recruited as the master book, which was rejected by Ye Fan. In the second year of Yuanxi (420), Liang Wudi proclaimed himself emperor and recruited Ye Fan as the top general of Liu Yikang in Wang Pengcheng. Later, because of his father's death, he left his job and turned to be a secretary of Cheng. In the seventh year of Yuanjia (430), when Ye Fan's mourning period expired, he was appointed as the general Tandaoji Sima and the magistrate of Xincai. When the Northern Wei Xianbei Army besieged Qingzhou, Tan Daoji was ordered to get out of the way, and Ye Fan went to the Northern Expedition with the army and was promoted to Shangshu.
Li Shi said that in the winter of the ninth year of Yuanjia (432), Liu Yikang's mother Wang died of illness. On the night of burial, Liu Yikang called colleagues and old friends to arrange the funeral and met in Dongfu. When Ye Fan's younger brother Fan Guangyuan invited Situfu to drink, Ye Fan, Wang Shen and Wang Guang drank in Fan Guangyuan and opened the north window to enjoy the elegy. Liu Yikang was furious and made Ye Fan the satrap of Xuancheng. Ye Fan was demoted and frustrated, so during his tenure, he sorted out all kinds of historical books about the later Han Dynasty and began to compile the history of the later Han Dynasty in an attempt to relieve his pain. By studying historical events, Ye Fan broadened his horizons. With his personal understanding and enthusiasm for historical issues, Ye Fan finally wrote his famous historical book "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty". The book of the later Han Dynasty is concise and vivid. After the book was completed, it replaced the previous Book of the Later Han Dynasty.
In the 15th year of Yuanjia (438), Ye Fan was appointed as the commander of Liu Yixin Town, the king of Changsha, and was appointed as the general of Ningshuo. The following year, my mother (father Fan) died. According to etiquette, she should go to the funeral immediately, but she took a long time to leave because of illness, and also brought a prostitute and concubine. In the proposal, Liu Cheng reported a series of etiquette violations in Ye Fan. Song Wendi appreciated Ye Fan's talent and didn't punish him. In the 17th year of Yuanjia (440), when the mourning period ended, Ye Fan took refuge in Wang Xing Liu Jun and became the commander of the army and the magistrate of Pi in the south. After Liu Jun was appointed as the secretariat of Yangzhou, he entrusted Ye Fan to handle all affairs, regardless of politics. Therefore, his official career was smooth sailing, and he was soon promoted to general and Prince Zhan. Ye Fan is versatile. Besides being knowledgeable and good at writing, he is also proficient in music and calligraphy. However, Ye Fan is proud and unruly and refuses to please everyone. He plays the pipa very well and can write new songs. Song Wendi wanted to hear, and hinted again and again. Ye Fan pretended not to know and refused to play this piece for the emperor. Once, Emperor Wendi gave a banquet in honor of the minister and said to him, "I want to sing, please play the piano for me." Ye Fan had to follow orders. As soon as Deng Wendi's music was over, Ye Fan immediately stopped playing and refused to play another piece. Ye Fan was sincere to his colleagues, although he didn't cater to the emperor. At that time, Shen was a right-back general, and (General Zuo Wei) was forbidden to travel. They kept it a secret. Every time he appeared before the emperor, if Fan Ye arrived first, he would wait for the arrival of Shen Yan, but Shen Yan never got used to waiting for Ye Fan when he entered the DPRK. Ye Fan, who is not mysterious, wrote Lotus Fragrance Square to mock them. According to the characteristics of colleagues, Ye Fan compared Yu Bing to "taboo" musk, compared Shen Yan to "bland" and "jujube paste", and Ye Fan compared him to "Shen Shi Yihe". After the publication of Lotus Fragrance Square, Ye Fan was even more difficult for his colleagues to accept.
In the 17th year of Yuanjia (440), Song Wendi became suspicious because Liu Yikang, the king of Pengcheng, had been in power for a long time. He was removed from his post as Zaifu on the charge of "joining the Party for rebellion" and was demoted to Jiangzhou Secretariat. Because of Liu Yikang's kindness to his father, Kong Xixian contacted the courtiers, plotted rebellion, and made Liu Yikang emperor. Ye Fan, who was famous for his mastery of the imperial army and served as an official under Liu Yikang for many years, became the first object of Kong Xixian's attention when he snared his henchmen. Kong Xixian first made friends with Ye Fan's nephew Xie Zong. General Xie thanked Kong Xixian and introduced him to Ye Fan. After knowing Ye Fan, Kong Xixian devoted himself to serving Ye Fan, wooing Ye Fan to gamble and deliberately losing money. Ye Fan loves money and appreciates Kong Xixian's talent, so their relationship is getting better and better. Seeing that the time was ripe, Kong Xixian tried to encourage Ye Fan to take part in the rebellion, but Ye Fan refused. Kong Xixian used the imperial court to refuse marriage, and Liu Yikang apologized to Fan Yepin for Xuancheng's demotion. Ye Fan finally joined and decided to rebel against the imperial court. From the beginning to the end of the Rebel Army, Kong Xixian was proficient in astronomy, so he sent a nun to tell the south, preaching that Jiangzhou would be the son of heaven (that is, Jiangzhou secretariat Liu Yikang); In order to increase the success rate of the rebellion, Kong Xixian ordered the monk to change his name to Sun, joined the army as Ningyuan in the Tibetan army, and contacted (Fajing's brother-in-law, then Taicheng, was on duty in the palace), thinking that he should be on duty. Kong Xixian colluded with Shi Zhong Cheng Zu and told Danyang Yin about the plan of rebellion. Xu Zhanzhi told Ye Fan that Zangzhi was very much in favor of their actions and would definitely invite Xiao Si to take the case together. Don't worry about not having enough troops, just wait for its time to come. So they set up official positions for each other: Xu Zhanzhi was the government army and the secretariat of Yangzhou, Ye Fan was the general and the secretariat of South Xuzhou, and Kong Xixian was the right-back general. Anyone who has always hated or not attached to Liu Yikang, make another copy so that these people can be executed. Seeing that things were going well, Kong Xixian ordered his younger brother Kong Xiuxian to draft a campaign and asked Ye Fan to draft a coup declaration. Therefore, Ye Fan wrote a letter to Xu Zhanzhi in the name of Liu Yikang, encouraging all ministries to "make concerted efforts to eliminate the traitors, strive to be the ancestor of entrepreneurship and create the Song Dynasty again". In September of the 22nd year of Yuanjia (445), Liu Yiji, the general of the Northern Expedition, and Liu Shuo, the general of Right Nanping, took up their posts in the border town. Ye Fan and others agreed to do something on this day, but the coup failed to take place as scheduled because there was no appointment.
In November of the 22nd year of Yuanjia (445), he reported to Wendi that he was the mastermind of the coup, and reported the list of people involved in the coup and relevant letter evidence. Emperor Wen immediately ordered "arrest immediately and be poor according to law". That evening, Emperor Wendi sent people to secretly arrest Xie Zong and Kong Xixian, and called courtiers to gather in the East Pavilion to ask why Ye Fan rebelled. Ye Fan was frightened in his haste, and he quickly denied it. Wendi told him that General Manager Xie, Xu Zhanzhi and Kong Xixian had confessed and presented the letter evidence. Ye Fan later admitted the fact of rebellion and said that he was "guilty of failing the country and willing to be put to death." The next day, Ye Fan was sent to prison and asked where Xu Zhanzhi was being held, only to learn that the informant was Xu Zhanzhi. Therefore, Ye Fan claimed to be ill and asked to change the prison so that he could meet Xie Zong and others next door. Ye Fan told them that the informant was Xu Zhanzhi, and wrote a poem lamenting: "We know life, but we have no knowledge of painting;" "Too ugly, not wrong enough." When Ye Fan went to prison, he thought he would be executed immediately. Unexpectedly, because Wendi traced the case, there was no result for more than 20 days, thinking that there was still hope of survival. Kong Xixian laughed at Ye Fan's fear of death, and Ye Fan said regretfully, "What a pity! Full of knowledge, buried here. " /kloc-in February, 48-year-old Ye Fan was taken to the execution ground. His sons, Fan Ai and Fan, were all implicated, but only his grandson, Fan Lulian, survived.
Historical achievement The Book of the Later Han Dynasty covers the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty 196 from the first year of Liu Xiujianwu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty (25 years) to the 25th year of Jian 'an, Emperor Xiandi of Han Dynasty (220 years). Fan Yeyuan plans to write ten biographies, including Ji, Zhi, Eighty and Zhi, and commissioned them. Xie Yan was involved in the internal struggle of the ruling class, was killed with Ye Fan on charges of rebellion, and the manuscript and preface written by Ye Fan were also lost. When Liu Zhao, a native of A Liang, annotated the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Ye Fan praised Sima Biao's Book of the Continued Han Dynasty, so he took eight records to make up for Shu Fan's shortcomings. While in prison, Ye Fan wrote a book about prison nephews, and told himself that the purpose of compiling the Book of the Later Han Dynasty was to "discuss what happened in the book, with the gains and losses of the positive generation", thus clearly proposing that writing history serves politics, which can be said to be the first person in history. Therefore, Ye Fan attached great importance to historical theory. He commented on historical events in the form of praise, focusing on historical theory, which became a major feature of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty.
Historical review of "Southern History": "The husband asked the commander to look forward to it, so the poet sang, was polite and law-abiding, and the former philosopher spread beauty and thought. Fan, and his reputation as a scholar, but as a worker, is not great on this issue. Although there are more talents, there is not enough hope. " Wei has extraordinary beauty. If you follow his actions, what is the conflict of interest? "Liu Zhao: Ye Fan, the later Han Dynasty, really crossed many families. Liu Zhiji: Ye Fan learned from many books, cut them into Chinese classics, and observed what he took, which was quite remarkable. Zhang Taiyan: After Shangshu Hanshu, Houhanshu came first. Chen Yinque: Zong Wei (Fan Yezi) is a book of the later Han Dynasty, which is large and refined, and is considered as a good history. Shao: The Biography of Lienv supplemented by Fan is closely related to the Biography of Lienv, so it is impossible to print it. Wang Xianqian: Fan's Book of the Later Han Dynasty has been handed down since it was uprooted. As for the careful investigation of analogy, it is a matter of rhetoric and great talent. Wang Mingsheng: Fan Shugui spoke bravely, suppressed snobbery, entered Chu Shi and betrayed heroes. In Confucianism, he is beautiful and profound (Zheng Xuan), and he praised Du Li while praising the party for fighting against differences. The prime minister didn't talk much, but he showed his loyalty to the people, which officials didn't see and respected. Cheng: Since Wei and Jin Dynasties, husband and wife have prospered. People who write history should abide by the class rules. With Fan's attention, we can find that the palace merchants are turbid, the praise is comprehensive, the order is wrong than the mandarin, and the literature and history are different.