Luoyang Scenic Spots
The Yangshao Site is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located in Yangshao Village, Yangshao Township, Mianchi County, 75 kilometers west of Luoyang City. Covering an area of ??300,000 square meters and with a cultural accumulation layer 4 meters thick, it is an important site of China's Neolithic Age culture. The famous Yangshao culture was named after it was first discovered here in 1921. In 1951, the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted another excavation. The rich information obtained from the excavation of Yangshao and similar sites has laid the foundation for studying the nature, type and stages of Yangshao culture. The Yangshao culture is distributed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, centered on Henan, Shanxi, and Shaanxi, and dates back about six to seven thousand years.
The Changling Tomb of the Northern Wei Dynasty is located on the top of Mang Mountain in Guanzhuang Village, Chaoyang Township, Mengjin County, about 15 kilometers northwest of Luoyang City. There is a large and small tomb here. The larger one is 35 meters high and has a bottom circumference of 141 meters; the small one is 23 meters high and has a bottom circumference of 110 meters. The two tombs are about 100 meters apart and are commonly known locally as "big and small tombs". They are the Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Xiaowen and the Mausoleum of Empress Dowager Wenzhao. Emperor Xiaowen Tuobahong led his army southward in the 17th year of Taihe (493), and decided to move the capital from Pingcheng (today's Datong) to Luoyang the following year. He implemented the policy of Sinicization and stipulated that he should be buried in Luoyang after his death. ?
Baima Temple is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located in Baimasi Village, Baimasi Town, a suburb of Luoyang City, 12 kilometers east of Luoyang City. Founded in the 11th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (68 AD), it is the earliest Buddhist temple built by the Chinese state. It is honored as the "ancestral court" and "source of Buddhism" in China, and is known as "the first ancient temple in China". It is said that Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Zhuang, dreamed of a golden man at night, and sent 18 people including Qin Jing to the Western Regions to seek Buddhist teachings. In Da Yuezhi (today's Afghanistan), he met eminent monks from India (India), photographing Mo Teng and Zhu Falan, and saw Buddhist scriptures and statues. In the 10th year of Yongping, the Han Dynasty sent Sanskrit monks back to Luoyang carrying Buddhist scriptures and statues on white horses. The temple was built in the following year and was named after the white horse. In the Tang Dynasty, it was large-scale and prosperous. It was rebuilt in the 34th year of Jiajing reign in the Ming Dynasty (1555), which basically established the scale and layout of today's White Horse Temple. The existing area is approximately 40,000 square meters. The main buildings distributed on the north-south central axis include the Tianwang Hall, the Great Buddha Hall, the Daxiong Hall, the Jieyin Hall, the Qingliang Terrace and the Pilu Pavilion. Among the statues in the hall, the Yuan Dynasty lacquered statues of the Third Buddha, the Two Heavenly Generals and the Eighteen Arhats stored in the Main Hall are the most precious. In addition, there are clay statues from the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, sutra steles and carvings from the Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, as well as Qiyun Pagoda, the Tomb of Tianzhu Eminent Monks, and the Sutra Burning Platform. Qiyun Pagoda, originally called Sakyamuni Relic Pagoda, Golden Square Pagoda, and White Horse Temple Pagoda, is located about 200 meters southeast of the mountain gate of White Horse Temple. In the twelfth year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (69), Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty ordered the construction of a pagoda and named it Qiyun Pagoda. The existing brick pagoda was rebuilt in the fifteenth year of Dading (1175) of Jin Dynasty. The tower is square in shape with dense eaves, 13 floors and about 25 meters in height. The first floor of the tower is decorated with imitation wooden brackets under the eaves, and is covered with an Aquarius-style tower. The outer outline is slightly parabolic, exquisite and straight, elegant and beautiful. White Horse Temple is surrounded by Mang Mountain to the north and Luo River to the south. It has green trees, red walls, and a Buddhist temple and pagoda. It looks solemn and solemn. It is a tourist attraction for all walks of life at home and abroad. ?
The Mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty is a cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province. Originally called Yuanling, also known as Hanling, commonly known as Liuxiu Tomb. It is located in Tiexie Village, Baihe Town, Mengjin County, 25 kilometers northeast of Luoyang City. It is bordered by Mang Mountain in the south and the Yellow River in the north. The tomb is tall, with a circumference of about 1,400 meters and a height of about 20 meters. The cemetery is surrounded by short walls and contains more than a thousand ancient cypresses. To the west of the cemetery is Guangwu Temple. The huge monument in front of the tomb was erected in the 56th year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1791), with 12 characters engraved on it: "The mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu, the founder of Zhongxing in the Eastern Han Dynasty". Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu (6-57 BC), courtesy name Uncle Wen, was born in Zaoyang, Hubei Province and was the ninth grandson of the great ancestor Liu Bang. He defeated the separatist forces and unified the country. He became the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty and made Luoyang the capital. Reigned for 32 years.
Longmen Grottoes is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located in Longmen Town, a suburb of Luoyang City, 12 kilometers south of Luoyang City. Because the Xiangshan Mountain and Longmen Mountain on the east and west sides of the Yishui River face each other like a natural gate, it was called "Yique" in ancient times. Grottoes are densely scattered on the cliffs on both sides of the bank, with a length of 1 kilometer from north to south. It is one of the three largest grotto art treasures in China. It was started around the time when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang (494), and went through the Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang and Northern Song dynasties. Large-scale construction lasted for more than 150 years in the Northern Wei and Tang dynasties.
There are more than 2,100 caves and niches in the east and west mountains, more than 40 pagodas, more than 3,600 inscriptions and more than 100,000 statues in the whole mountain. Guyang Cave, Binyang Cave, and Lotus Cave in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Qianxi Temple, Ten Thousand Buddhas Cave, Kanjing Temple, and Fengxian Temple in the Tang Dynasty are all representative caves. Fengxian Temple is located in the south of Xishan Mountain. It was started in the third year of Xianheng (672) in the Tang Dynasty and completed in the second year of Shangyuan (675). It is the largest, most artistic and most representative niche in the Longmen Grottoes. It is about 34 meters wide from north to south and about 36 meters deep from east to west. The niche is carved with 11 large statues of a Buddha, two disciples, two attendant Bodhisattvas, two heavenly kings and a powerful man. The main Buddha Lusena is 17.14 meters tall, with a head 4 meters high. He is wearing a cassock, with a plump and beautiful face, quiet eyes and slightly raised mouth, showing infinite wisdom and kindness; his disciple Kasyapa is rigorous and solemn, and Ananda is meek and pious. ; The Bodhisattva is beautiful and reserved, the King of Heaven frowns and glares, and the warrior is powerful and majestic. It shows the high achievements of sculpture art in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The essence of the Wei stele "Twenty Products of Longmen" is selected from the inscriptions on the twenty-square statues in the Longmen Grottoes during the Northern Wei Dynasty. Nineteen of them are in Guyang Cave and one is in Cixiang Cave. The name "Twenty Products" began in the Qing Dynasty, and its titles were first seen in Kang Youwei's "Guang Yi Zhou Shuang Ji" and Fan Ruo's "Essays on the School Stele". The content generally expresses that the person who created the statue prays for blessings and ward off disasters. Its calligraphy art developed and evolved on the basis of Han Li and Jin Li, thus forming a unique style that is dignified, vigorous and simple, with both official script style and regular script elements. It is the essence of calligraphy art in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the representative of the "Wei Stele" style. The "Stele of Yique Buddhist Niche" written by Chu Suiliang, a famous calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, or also called the Chu Suiliang Stele, is located between the middle cave and the south cave of Binyang in Xishan Mountain. It is about 3.65 meters high and 1.9 meters wide. It was originally supposed to be a statue monument for the construction of Binyang Cave. In the 15th year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (641), the fourth son of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, King Li Tai of Wei, made a vow to open a cave and create a statue for his mother, the eldest grandson of Queen Wende. Cen Wenwen, the assistant minister of Zhongshu, wrote an article admonishing the official Chu Suiliang for his elixir. There are more than 1,600 words in total. The font is elegant, dignified, strong and powerful. It is the standard regular script of the early Tang Dynasty and a treasure in the history of calligraphy art. ?
Du Fu’s tomb is a cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province. It is located in Dulou Village, Chengguan Town, Yanshi City, about 28 kilometers east of Luoyang City. The tombstone was erected in the 55th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1790), with a 13-character inscription "The Tomb of Du Wenzhen Gong Shaoling from the Ministry of Industry of the Tang Dynasty", which was handwritten by Zhang Songsun, the governor of Henan Province. There are also more than 10 inscriptions, which are now stored in Dulou Middle School. The tomb is surrounded by green bricks and has an octagonal shape. It was built during the renovation in 1956. To the north of Du Fu's tomb, the original tomb of Du Fu's grandfather, Du Shenyan, no longer exists. Further north, there is the tomb of Du Yu, Du Fu's ancestor and Dangyang Marquis of Jin Dynasty. The tombstone is still there today. Du Fu (712-770), courtesy name Zimei, was a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. He died in a boat in Leiyang in the fifth year of Dali and was temporarily buried in Yuezhou. His grandson Du Siye later moved and buried him at the foot of Shouyang Mountain in Yanshi.
Qiantang Zhizhai is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located in Tiemen Town, Xin'an County, about 45 kilometers west of Luoyang City. In 1918, Zhang Fan (also known as Boying) built his private residence "Zhelu" in Tiemen Town. He collected stone carvings from past dynasties and inlaid them on the inner and outer walls of the cave dwelling. There are 1,411 stone carvings of epitaphs from the Tang Dynasty, calligraphy, paintings, and sculptures of famous people from the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Five Dynasties, Song, Ming, and Qing Dynasties. Dazzling and magnificent. Among them, Tang Zhi has the most records, totaling 1,185 pieces. Zhang Binglin (Taiyan) once inscribed it with the name "Qian Tang Zhi Zhai", which has great historical and artistic value. It is now turned into the Qiantang Zhizhai Museum.
Guanlin is a cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province. Also known as Guanling and Guandi Tomb. It is located in Guanlin Town, a suburb of Luoyang City, 7 kilometers south of Luoyang City. Covering an area of ??approximately 60,000 square meters. It is said to be the place where the head of Guan Yu, the Shu general of the Three Kingdoms, was buried. There is Yu Temple in the front and Yu Tomb in the back. The existing buildings were built during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are mainly dance towers, worship halls, main halls, second halls, third halls, bell and drum towers, etc. Guan Yu's tomb is about 10 meters high and surrounded by bricks. There is an octagonal pavilion in front of the tomb, with a stone tablet inside, on which Guan Yu's title and biography are engraved. The main gate and the Yimen each have three holes. There are more than 100 stone lions carved on both sides of the corridor with different postures. There are also stone squares, stone railings, Chinese watches and wood carvings and story paintings. There are thousands of ancient cypresses in the temple, which are green and gloomy, with a formidable scenery. Guan Yu, whose courtesy name is Yunchang, was born in Jie County, Shanxi Province. In the 24th year of Jian'an of the Eastern Han Dynasty (219), he was guarding Jingzhou and was killed by Sun Quan. Sun Quan sent his head to Luoyang to present to Cao Cao in an attempt to put the blame on Cao Cao. However, Cao Cao found out and buried him in the south of Luoyang city with royal honours.
Guanlin is now the Luoyang Ancient Stone Carving Art Museum, with more than 1,000 stone steles and epitaphs. Among them, there are two stone carvings to ward off evil spirits from the Eastern Han Dynasty. One of them was unearthed in Sunqitun, a suburb. It is 1.09 meters tall and 1.66 meters long. With two wings on its body and its head held high, it has a majestic image and concise sword skills. It is a masterpiece of stone sculpture created by the working people of the Eastern Han Dynasty. On the back of the neck are engraved the seven official characters of "祇shihaojuchengnuzuo". Another piece was unearthed in Pengpo Town, Yichuan County, with a height of 1.14 meters and a length of 1.72 meters. ?
Lingshan Temple is a cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province. It is located at the northern foot of Lingshan Village, Lingshan Village, Chengguan Township, Yiyang County, about 40 kilometers southwest of Luoyang City. The original name is Bao Zhong Temple, Bao En Temple, also known as Phoenix Temple. Backed by a cliff, facing the Luo River, it faces south and faces north, which is very different from most Chinese Buddhist temples. According to legend, King Ling of Zhou was buried here, so the mountain was named Lingshan, and Lingshan Temple got its name from this. It was built in the Jin Dynasty. The original buildings in the temple include the mountain gate, the front hall, the Pilu Hall, the Daxiong Hall, the back building for the Tibetan Sutra, and the left and right side halls. There are existing Shanmen, Zhongfo Hall (also known as Dabei Hall) and Daxiong Hall. Dabei Hall and Daxiong Hall are both built with single eaves on the top of the mountain, brackets and beams, and still retain the remains of the Jin Dynasty. The statues of the three Buddhas in Daxiong Hall are clay sculptures from the Ming Dynasty, and there are 28 stone carvings with inscriptions from past dynasties on the brick wall behind them. There is a seven-level pagoda under the front steps of Daxiong Hall, which was built in the 17th year of Chenghua (1481) in the Ming Dynasty. There is Phoenix Spring outside the east corner gate of the temple and a pagoda forest in the southeast. Lingshan Temple has deep shades of ancient cypresses, misty clouds, gurgling springs, and exquisite palaces.
Zhougong Temple is a cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province. Located on Dingding South Road, Luoyang City. It is said that it was built by Wang Shichong in the late Sui Dynasty to worship Duke Zhou. There are existing main hall, second hall, third hall, left and right wing rooms and other buildings. The main hall is 5 rooms wide and 3 rooms deep. The three characters "Dingding Hall" are inscribed on the forehead, which means Zhou Gong Dingding Luoyi. The top of Jiuji Xieshan is covered with glazed tiles, preserving the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty. The hall originally enshrined the statues of Zhou Gong, Zhao Gong, Bi Gong and Bo Qin, but they no longer exist today. The wing room originally enshrined the statues of famous officials from past dynasties, but they no longer exist today. Ji Dan, Duke of Zhou, was a famous politician in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. He divided the princes, made rites and music, and built Luoyi. In recent years, after comprehensive renovation, it has been turned into the Capital Museum.
The tomb of Bai Juyi is commonly known as the White Tomb. Together with Longmen, it is listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located on Pipa Peak at the northern end of Longmen East Mountain (Xiangshan) in Longmen Town, a suburb of Luoyang City, 13 kilometers south of Luoyang City. The tomb is about 3 meters high and 42 meters in circumference at the bottom. The stone tablet in front of the tomb is engraved with the words "Tang Shaofu Bai Cemetery". Bai Juyi (772-846), whose courtesy name was Letian, was originally from Taiyuan, Shanxi, and later moved to Weinan, Shaanxi. He was born in Xinzheng County, Henan. A famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. In his later years, he lived in Xiangshan and called himself "Xiangshan layman". Pipa Peak is shaped like a pipa, with lush ancient cypresses and quiet scenery. It is a key tourist attraction in Longmen. It is now expanded into Bai Juyi Cemetery. ?
Du Fu’s tomb is a cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province. It is located in Dulou Village, Chengguan Town, Yanshi City, about 28 kilometers east of Luoyang City. The tombstone was erected in the 55th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1790), with a 13-character inscription "The Tomb of Du Wenzhen Gong Shaoling from the Ministry of Industry of the Tang Dynasty", which was handwritten by Zhang Songsun, the governor of Henan Province. There are also more than 10 inscriptions, which are now stored in Dulou Middle School. The tomb is surrounded by green bricks and has an octagonal shape. It was built during the renovation in 1956. To the north of Du Fu's tomb, the original tomb of Du Fu's grandfather, Du Shenyan, no longer exists. Further north, there is the tomb of Du Yu, the ancestor of Du Fu and Marquis Dangyang of Jin Dynasty. The tombstone is still there today. Du Fu (712-770), courtesy name Zimei, was a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. He died in a boat in Leiyang in the fifth year of Dali and was temporarily buried in Yuezhou. His grandson Du Siye later moved and buried him at the foot of Shouyang Mountain in Yanshi.
Fan Zhongyan’s tomb is a cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province. It is located on the south side of Wan'an Mountain in Xuying Village, Pengpo Township, Yichuan County, 15 kilometers southeast of Luoyang City. It is divided into two areas: the front and the back. The front is the tomb of Fan Zhongyan, his mother, Mrs. Qin, and his eldest son, Fan Chunyou. There is a central sacrificial temple with a palace room. In the palace, there is a plaque with the words "Tao Tao" written by Emperor Guangxu; "The Stele of Praise for the Worthy" is 4.08 meters high, 1.41 meters wide, and 0.48 meters thick. The inscriptions on the stele are generally clear, and there are Weng Zhong, Shi Yang, Shi Shi, etc. The rear area contains the tombs of the second son Fan Chunren, the third son Fan Chunli, the fourth son Fan Chunli and their descendants. Fan Zhongyan (989～1052), courtesy name Xiwen, was born in Suzhou. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, he served as a counselor for political affairs and was one of the main figures in implementing the Qingli New Deal.