Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan (about 340 BC - about 278 BC) was a nobleman of the Chu State during the Warring States Period. His surname was Qu, his given name was Ping, his courtesy name was Yuan, and he also named himself Zhengze. The word Lingjun.
Qu Yuan is one of China's greatest romantic poets and the earliest known poet in our country. He founded the literary style of "Chu Ci" (that is, he created the literary style of "Ci Fu") and also created the tradition of "vanilla beauty". "Li Sao", "Nine Chapters", "Nine Songs" and "Tianwen" are Qu Yuan's most important masterpieces. Qu Yuan's works seen in later generations all come from "Chu Ci" compiled by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty. This book mainly compiles Qu Yuan's works, including one chapter of "Li Sao" and 11 chapters of "Nine Songs" ("Taiyi of the Eastern Emperor", "Yun Zhongjun", "Jun of Xiang", "Mrs. Xiang", "Da Si"). "Ming", "Shao Siming", "Dong Jun", "He Bo", "Mountain Ghost", "National Memorial", "Li Hun"), 9 chapters in "Nine Chapters" ("Cherishing", "She Jiang" , "Sorrow", "Thinking", "Huaisha", "Thinking of Beauty", "Cherishing the Past", "Ode to Orange", "Sorrowful Wind"), 1 article from "Tianwen", etc.
Qu Yuan is the founder of my country's positive romantic literary tradition. His works widely adopt the form of witch stories and fables, and create many colorful realms with magical and magnificent imagination. He absorbed the artistic characteristics of Chu folk songs and innovated them, creating a new poetic style with uneven and well-proportioned syntax - Chu Ci style. His works present an artistic style that is similar to the "Book of Songs".
Song Yu
Song Yu is another romantic poet after Qu Yuan, and is also known as "Qu Song" by the world. He was Qu Yuan's student. He first served as Qu Yuan's servant. Later, he was introduced by Jing Cha and served as the literary attendant of King Qingxiang. Because of his works "Da Yan Fu", "Xiao Yan Fu" and "Feng Fu", he was highly appreciated by the King of Chu and was awarded Tian Yunmeng Ze. The specific location is around the Yuxi River in Linli County, Lishui River Basin today. Soon, Song Yu was exiled to live in the grant land because of the incompetence of the king, the villain's rule, and his aloofness and dereliction of duty. In his later years, he wrote the famous Chu Ci poem "Nine Bian".
There are different opinions about Song Yu's life, and it is difficult to tell. It is generally certain that he was born in a humble background, studied under Qu Yuan, and was not satisfied after becoming an official.
According to "Hanshu Yiwenzhi", Song Yu wrote 16 poems. The current works signed by Song Yu include "Nine Debates", "Calling Souls", "Feng Fu", "Gaotang Fu", "Goddess Fu", "Deng Tuzi's Lustful Fu", "Asking the King of Chu", "Flute Fu" ", "Big Yan Fu", "Small Yan Fu", "Satire Fu", "Diao Fu", "Dance Fu", "Gaotang Dui", "Micro Yong Fu", "Yingzhong Dui", etc. However, only one of these works, "Nine Bian", is recognized to be written by Song Yu, and the rest are suspected to be forgeries by later generations.
Song Yu occupies an important position in the history of Chinese literature. "Nine Bian" is a product influenced by Qu Yuan's works. It is closer to Han Fu in form. It is a variant of Qu Yuan's Sao style Fu and a transitional work between Chu Ci and Han Fu.
Sima Qian
Sima Qian (145 BC or 135 BC - about 87 BC) was a great historian and writer during the Western Han Dynasty. Zi Chang, a native of Xia Yang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi Province). When he was young, Sima Qian was influenced by his father Sima Tan, who held the post of Taishi Ling. He learned to recite ancient Chinese classics and studied under the masters Dong Zhongshu and Kong Anguo. As an adult, he roamed famous mountains and rivers, learned about the local customs, and collected rumors and rumors. In the third year of Yuanfeng (108 BC), he inherited his father's position and was appointed as Taishi Ling, so that he could review the documents and historical materials of the court. In the second year of Tianhan (99 BC), he was tortured by castration for defending Li Ling, who was defeated and surrendered to the Huns. After he was released from prison, he served as Secretary of the Central Committee, wrote books with loneliness and anger, and spent his whole life completing the historical masterpiece "Historical Records". In addition to "Historical Records", Sima Qian also wrote eight poems and 10 volumes of collected works. Today, only "Ode to a Sorrowful Man" and "Book of Reporting to Ren An" are preserved.
Cao Zhi
Cao Zhi (192-232) was a famous poet in Wei during the Three Kingdoms era. The courtesy name is Zijian, a native of Bo County, Anhui Province. The son of Cao Cao and the younger brother of Cao Pi. Among the "Three Cao", he has the highest achievement and is one of the representatives of Jian'an literature. Cao Zhi was talented and agile in his early years. He was deeply favored by Cao Cao and was almost made a prince. Most of the poems written during this period express his social ideal of unifying the world and his enterprising spirit of making contributions. "The White Horse" is his representative work. Later, due to his excessive drinking and informality, he gradually fell out of favor. After Cao Cao died and Cao Pi came to the throne, he was even more persecuted. From the story of the legendary "Seven-Step Poetry", we can imagine the difficult situation he was in.
The poems of this period, represented by "Miscellaneous Poems" and "Giving the White Horse to Wang Biao", mostly express his anger at the difficulty of realizing his ambition. Among them, there are also a large number of works that reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood and sing about the joys and sorrows of love.
Cao Zhi's poems are passionate, full of momentum, detailed descriptions, and good at using metaphors. Zhong Rong summarized the characteristics in this aspect in his "Shipin" as "exceptionally high-minded and splendid in poetry".
In addition to poetry, Cao Zhi also wrote quite well in Fu and prose, such as "Fu on the Goddess of Luo" and "Books with Wu Jichong", etc., which are all famous works.
Xie Lingyun
Xie Lingyun (385-433), a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the founder of Chinese landscape poetry, is known as the "originator of landscape poetry". Famous poet. Yangxia, Chenjun (now Taikang, Henan). Born in Shining, Kuaiji (now Shangyu, Zhejiang). Because he was fostered in the Du family in Qiantang since he was a child, his baby name was Ke'er, and he was known as Xie Ke in the world. And because he was the grandson of Xie Xuan, he was granted the title of Duke Kangle during the Jin Dynasty. Because of his arrogant temperament, he had conflicts with the court and was later demoted to the title of Marquis of Kangle. Therefore, he was also called "Xie Kangle" and his tomb was located in Wanzai County, Jiangxi Province today.
Xie Lingyun is a famous landscape poet in the history of Chinese literature. He is good at describing travel experiences and depicting natural scenery in colorful and exquisite language. He has many beautiful lines with vivid images and beautiful artistic conception, which has a profound influence on the development of poetry in the Tang Dynasty. There is a certain impact. In addition to poetry, Xie Lingyun also wrote more than 10 poems, among which "Ode to Mountain Residence", "Ode to Lingbiao", "Ode to Concubine Jiang", etc. are relatively famous. The scenery descriptions are quite original, but the achievements are far less than those of poems.
Tao Yuanming
Tao Yuanming (about 365-427), a native of Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province), was a famous pastoral poet and writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. A Qian, with the courtesy name Yuan Liang, was nicknamed Mr. Wu Liu because there were five willow trees planted beside his house. Tao Yuanming was born in a poor bureaucratic landlord family. He had few ambitions and liked to be free and unrestrained in his sexuality. He started serving as an official at the age of 29, and served as a minor official in Jiangzhou, a soldier in Zhenjun, and a magistrate in Pengze County. Because he hated the filthy officialdom, he decided to resign and go into seclusion at the age of 41. After that, he spent more than 20 years engaged in farming and getting along with farmers day and night. , although he was so poor that he even begged for food from others, he still kept his moral integrity and did not engage in worldly affairs. After his death, he was given the posthumous title "Mr. Jingjie" by his friends. There are more than 120 existing poems and several prose poems, all of which are of high achievement. His poems can be divided into two categories: odes and pastoral poems. The former are generous, sad and indignant, expressing the spirit of struggle not to bow to fate and the attitude towards life of keeping peace and not compromising with the dark reality, such as "Ode to Jing Ke" and "Ode to the Poor Man" , "Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas", etc.; the latter describes simple and natural pastoral daily life, eulogizes the labor scenes of spring sowing and autumn harvest, expresses the precious experience of hard work and the joy of living in harmony with farmers, such as "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields", "Gui" At the beginning of spring in the new year, I nostalgic for the ancient farmhouses" and so on. His prose works include "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring", "Returning to the Past" and "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu", etc., all of which are masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. Tao Qian is a writer who has had a profound influence on later generations. Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Su Shi and other literary figures all highly respected him.
Meng Haoran
Meng Haoran (689-740), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was born in Xiangyang, Hubei (now Xiangyang County, Hubei). In his early years, he lived in seclusion in his hometown of Lumen Mountain and studied hard behind closed doors. When he was in his prime, he traveled around Wuyue, and when he was about 40 years old, he went to Chang'an to seek an official position. Because no one recommended him, he was unsuccessful, so he had to return to his hometown and live a life of entertaining himself with poetry and wine. When Zhang Jiuling was in Jingzhou, he worked for a period of time. Soon after he returned to his hometown, he died of a canker sore on his back at the age of 52.
Meng Haoran was a pioneer in composing landscape and pastoral poems in the Tang Dynasty, and was especially famous for his five-character poems. His poems have broken away from the narrow realm of responding to regulations and chanting objects in the early Tang Dynasty, and expressed more personal ambitions, bringing fresh breath to the poetry world of the Tang Dynasty. His poetic style is light and natural, with long lasting charm, and some of his poems also have a vigorous and vigorous side. There is "Meng Haoran Collection".
Wang Wei
Wang Wei (701-761), a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name was Mojie, a native of Puzhou (now Yongji County, Shanxi Province). He was a precocious writer. He was famous for his talents at the age of 9. He became a scholar at the age of 19 and became a Jinshi at the age of 21. He once served as an envoy to the fortress and served in the government most of the time. He was arrested during the Anshi Rebellion and imprisoned in Bodhi Temple. He pretended to be ill. During the chaos, he was charged with flattering the thieves. Because he had written poems about his feelings, he was only demoted. Later he became the official of Shangshu Youcheng, and in his later life he was called King Youcheng. Wang Wei's achievements in poetry are multifaceted, including frontier fortresses, landscape poems, rhymed poems, quatrains, etc., all of which are well-known. Wang Wei is also a famous painting master. Su Shi said that his paintings "have paintings within poems, and poetry within paintings."
Wang Wei indeed has his unique attainments in describing natural scenery. Whether it is the magnificence of famous mountains and rivers, the majestic desolation of frontiers and fortresses, or the tranquility of small bridges and flowing water, he can accurately and concisely create perfect and vivid images, with few ink, lofty artistic conception and poetic feeling. Completely integrated with the painting's meaning to form a whole, he is the author of "The Collection of Wang Youcheng". He is a representative of the landscape pastoral school in the Tang Dynasty. In particular, he was most accomplished in landscape poetry, and together with Meng Haoran, he was known as "Wang Meng". In his later years, he had no intention of pursuing an official career and dedicated himself to worshiping Buddhism, so later generations called him the "Poetry Buddha".
Li Bai
Li Bai (701-762), a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name is Taibai, the name is Qinglian Jushi, and his ancestral home is Chengji, Longxi (now Qin'andong, Gansu Province). Li Bai is the most outstanding romantic poet after Qu Yuan in the history of Chinese literature. He lived on the eve of the rise and fall of the Li and Tang dynasties, and ruthlessly exposed and sharply criticized the decadent ruling group at that time; he was good at depicting the magnificent scenery of the mountains and rivers of the motherland, expressing his love for the great rivers and mountains of the motherland and his love for freedom. and the desire and pursuit of light; he also deeply sympathized with the suffering of the people, which was reflected in his poems.
The artistic style of Li Bai's poems is majestic and unrestrained, with rich imagination, natural language flow, and harmonious and changeable melodies. "The Road to Shu Is Difficult", "The Journey Is Difficult", "Sleepwalking Master Tianmu Says Farewell", "Quiet Night Thoughts", etc. can well represent the artistic characteristics of his works. There are more than 900 poems in existence today, including "The Collection of Li Taibai".
Du Fu
Du Fu (712-770), whose courtesy name was Zimei, also known as Shaoling Yelao, was a native of Gongxian County, Henan Province. Du Fu is the greatest realist poet in the Tang Dynasty of my country. He is known as "Li Du" together with Li Bai and is known as the "Sage of Poetry". He wrote more than 1,400 poems in his life. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei, born in Gong County, Henan. His distant ancestor is Du Yu, who was famous in the Jin Dynasty, his grandfather is Du Shenyan, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and his father is Du Xian. During the reign of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu, an official from the left, collected the artifacts. After he entered Shu, his friend Yan Wu recommended him to be a staff officer of Jiannan Jiedu Mansion and a member of the school's Ministry of Industry. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.
His main works are "Military Chariots", "Spring Look", "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", as well as "Three Officials", "Xin'an Officials", "Shihao Officials", "Tongguan Officials" Officials", "Three Farewells", "Newlywed Farewell", "Elderly Farewell", "Homeless Farewell", etc., were compiled into "Du Gongbu Collection". Du Fu's poems show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, so it is called "the history of poetry".
Han Yu
Han Yu (786-824), courtesy name Tuizhi, was born in Heyang, Henan (now Meng County, Henan). From the official position to the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, he died with the posthumous title Wen. He was known as Han Libu and Han Wengong in the world. He was also called Han Changli because the county wanted Changli. Han Yu was the advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and the head of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". Together with Liu Zongyuan, they are called "Han Liu". The main works are "Shi Shuo", "Ma Shuo", "Original Destruction", "Jinxue Jie", "Sacrifice to Twelve Langs", etc., which are compiled into "Collection of Mr. Changli". In terms of prose creation, he advocated restoring the prose tradition of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties and abandoning the parallel prose since the Southern and Northern Dynasties; he advocated enriching the content of articles and "concentrating only on stating things." In poetry creation, he advocated "using text as poetry" and strived for novelty, which had a great influence on Song poetry.
Liu Zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan (773-819), courtesy name Zihou, was born in Hedong Jie (now Jiezhou Town, Yuncheng County, Shanxi Province), known as Liu Hedong. He once served as the governor of Liuzhou and also It is called Liuliuzhou. Liu Zongyuan was one of the leaders of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and was known as "Han Liu" together with Han Yu. One of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". His representative works include prose such as "The Story of the Snake Catcher", "The Donkey of Guizhou", "Eight Notes of Yongzhou", and poems such as "The Fisherman" and "Snow on the River", which are compiled into the "Collection of Mr. Hedong". He was the first Chinese writer to formally write fables as independent literary works, opening up a new stage in the development of ancient Chinese fable literature.
Liu Yuxi
Liu Yuxi (772-842), a writer of the Tang Dynasty, named Mengde, was born in Luoyang. Liu Yuxi's poems reflect a wider range of reality, are rich in content, and have a bold and clear artistic style. Political satirical poems such as "Gathering Mosquito Ballads", "Flying Yuan Cao" and "Hongjing Ci" use objects to express interest and use themes, but their meanings are clear and sharp; his historical and nostalgic works such as "Nostalgia of Xisai Mountain" , "Five Questions on Jinling" and so on. In the low-pitched sighs, they embody the contemplation of the rise and fall and the lessons of ups and downs and chaos. They also have their own characteristics, such as "Collected Works of Liu Mengde".
Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi (772-846), whose courtesy name was Letian and nicknamed Xiangshan Jushi, was originally from Taiyuan and later moved to Xiabang (now Weinan, Shaanxi). In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), he was awarded Jinshi. Three years later, he was awarded the title of Secretary Provincial Secretary.
After 40 years of ups and downs, he became official as Minister of Punishment.
Bai Juyi is another great realist poet after Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty. His thoughts are relatively complex, but the dominant idea is the Confucian idea of ??"if you are poor, you can benefit yourself; if you are prosperous, you can benefit the world." His literary creation was also affected by this thought. His main works are "Qin Zhongyin", including "The Charcoal Seller", "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", "Pipa Play", etc., which he compiled into "Bai's Changqing Collection". Later generations compiled it into "Baixiangshan Poetry Collection". He is an inheritor of the tradition of realism, advocating that "articles should be written according to the time, and songs and poems should be written according to the situation." He is a representative of the popular school.
Du Mu
Du Mu (803-852), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, with the courtesy name Muzhi and the nickname Fanchuan Jushi, was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) and the grandson of Prime Minister Du You . In the second year of the reign of Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty (828), he ascended to the rank of Jinshi, served as the school secretary of Hongwen Hall, and joined the army. Later, he served as a staff member of the Xuanshe Observation Envoy Shen Chuanshi and the Huainan Jiedu Envoy Niu Sengru. Later, he successively served as the supervisory censor, Zuo Buque, compiled by Shi Xiu Guan, served as governor of Huangzhou and governor of Chizhou. Finally, he went to Beijing and served as wailang, a member of the imperial department, and eventually became a scholar in the middle school.
Du Mu was a poet who cared about current affairs and had great political ambitions. However, due to the deteriorating political situation, he experienced several ups and downs in his official career and his ideals came to nothing. In terms of literary creation, he advocated that articles should "focus on meaning, supplemented by Qi, and use colorful words and sentences as a defense." His successful works of poetry and prose have put this theory into practice. Du Mu's poems are as famous as Li Shangyin's, and he is known as "Little Li Du" in the world. In terms of artistic style, he does not seek "excellence" or "magnificence". His ancient poems write more about political and social themes, and his writing is bold and vigorous; his modern poems are refreshing, clear, and subtle, and his epic poems discuss and express emotions through specific historical situations. He is particularly stubborn and has his own style. In addition, his "Afanggong Fu" is also very famous and has been passed down through the ages. There is "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".
Li Shangyin
Li Shangyin (813-858), courtesy name Yishan, also known as Yuxisheng and Fan Nansheng, was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home was Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang City, Henan Province), and he was born in Xingyang, Henan Province (now Xingyang City, Henan Province). The literary value of his poems is very high. Together with Du Mu, he is known as "Xiao Li Du", and with Wen Tingyun, he is known as "Wen Li". Because of their similar styles to those of Duan Chengshi and Wen Tingyun of the same period, and both ranked sixteenth in the family, Therefore, it is also called "Thirty-Six Body". His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially some of his love poems, which are so touching and pathos that they are widely read. However, some works are too obscure and confusing to be understood, so much so that there is a saying that "poets always love Xikun and hate that no one writes Zheng Jian". Li Shangyin was caught in the partisan struggle between Niu and Li. He was very unsuccessful in his life. After his death, he was buried in his hometown of Xingyang. There is "Li Yishan Poetry Collection".
Li Yu
Li Yu (937-978) was the king of the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He reigned from 961 to 975. His courtesy name was Chongguang, his first name was Congjia, and his nicknames were Zhongyin and Zhongyin. Lotus layman. A native of Xuzhou (now Jiangsu). The sixth son of Li Jing, Emperor Yuanzong of the Southern Tang Dynasty, succeeded to the throne in the second year of Jianlong of the Song Dynasty (961), and was known as the later master in history.
Although Li Yu was politically incompetent, his artistic talent was extraordinary. Li Yugong is good at calligraphy, painting, music and rhythm, and has certain attainments in poetry and prose, especially his poetry. Masterpieces include "Poppy Poppies", "Lang Tao Sha", etc. Li Yu occupies an important position in the history of Chinese Ci. He is known as the "Eternal Ci Emperor" and has a great influence on later generations. He inherited the tradition of the Huajian School poets since the late Tang Dynasty, but also reflected a certain artistic conception of general significance in real life through concrete and perceptible personal images, thus taking the creation of Ci a big step forward. It expanded the performance field of Ci, and its Ci is mainly collected in "Two Main Ci of Southern Tang Dynasty".
Liu Yong
Liu Yong (980 or 987-about 1053) was a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. The original name was Sanbian, with the courtesy name Jingzhuang. Later, his name was changed to Yong and his courtesy name was Qiqing; because he was ranked seventh, he was also called Liu Qi. A native of Chong'an (now part of Fujian). Jingyou Jinshi. As an official, he served as a member of the tuntian bureau, so he was called Liu tuntian in his old life. He was depressed and frustrated in his career all his life, and he was famous for his poetry alone. He was a dissolute man and lived in poverty all his life. His poems mostly describe the prosperity of urban life, the joys and sorrows of singing and dancing girls, and the love affairs between men and women. They are especially good at describing the feelings of traveling and laboring. In addition, there are also some that reflect the miserable life of workers, chanting objects, chanting history, and landscapes of mountains and rivers, etc. There were many slow Ci poems created, with detailed narrative and characterization, blending of scenes, popular language, and harmonious melody. They were widely circulated at that time and had a certain influence on the development of Song Ci. "Yulin Ling", "Eight Sounds of Ganzhou", "Looking at the Sea Tide", etc. are quite famous. However, there are sometimes decadent thoughts and vulgar taste in the works. There are only a few poems left. "Song of Boiled Sea" describes the poor life of the salt people, which is very painful. There is "Collection of Movements".
Fan Zhongyan
Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), courtesy name Xiwen, was a famous official, politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was a native of Wuxian County, Suzhou (now part of Jiangsu). When he was young, his family was poor but he was eager to learn. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1015), Zhenzong of Song Dynasty became a Jinshi. When Yuan Hao rebelled, Fan Zhongyan served as a direct bachelor of Longtuge and led Han Qi to manage Shaanxi Province. They gave strict orders and gained great reputation at that time. In the third year of Qingli reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty (1043), Fan Zhongyan was extremely distressed by the shortcomings of the government at that time, and proposed the "Ten Matters", advocating the establishment of a strict official system, paying attention to farming, rectifying military equipment, promoting the legal system, and reducing corvee labor. Song Renzong adopted his suggestions and implemented them one after another, which is known as the "Qingli New Deal" in history. Unfortunately, due to the opposition of conservatives, the New Deal failed soon after, and Fan Zhongyan was demoted to the Fourth Propaganda Envoy of Shaanxi Province. He later died of illness on the way to Yingzhou and was given the posthumous title Wenzheng. There is "Fan Wenzhenggong Collection" handed down from generation to generation.
Fan Zhongyan liked to play the piano, but he only played the song "Lu Shuang" on weekdays, so people at the time called him Fan "Lu Shuang". He specializes in poetry and prose, and his articles are rich in political content, beautiful in diction, and open-minded. The two sentences in his "Yueyang Tower", "Be worried about the world's worries first, and be happy after the world's happiness" are the best lines of the ages and a portrayal of his lifelong patriotism. There are only 5 poems left in the poem, both of which are praised as excellent works. Among them, "Proud of the Fisherman: Strange Scenery in Autumn at the Fortress" and "Su Muzhe: Blue Cloud Sky" are famous poems that have been passed down through the ages.
Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) was a politician, writer, historian and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name is Yongshu, his nickname is Zuiweng, Liuyi Jushi, a native of Luling, Jizhou (today's Ji'an, Jiangxi Province), and a Tiansheng Jinshi. He was successively promoted to Zhizhigao, Hanlin bachelor, deputy envoy to the privy council, and counselor of political affairs. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong, he was moved to the Ministry of War as minister, and became the prince's junior master. His posthumous title was Wenzhong. He advocated innovation in both politics and literature. He was not only a supporter of Fan Zhongyan's Qingli New Deal, but also the leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was also pleased to reward the younger ones, and Su Shi and his son, Zeng Gong and Wang Anshi all came out of his sect. His creative achievements are also impressive, and his poems, lyrics, and prose are all top-notch at the moment. The prose is fluent in reasoning and euphemistic in lyricism, making it one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties"; the style of poetry is similar to that of prose, emphasizing momentum but being smooth and natural; his words are deep, graceful and elegant, inheriting the style of the Southern Tang Dynasty. He co-edited "New Book of Tang" with Song Qi and authored "New History of Five Dynasties" alone. He also likes to collect epigraphic texts and compiles them into "Collection of Ancient Records". There is "Ouyang Wenzhong Collection".
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (1021-1086), whose courtesy name was Jiefu, later nicknamed Banshan, and whose nickname was Badgerlang, was granted the title of Duke of Jing, and was known as Wang Jinggong and Mr. Linchuan in the world. A native of Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province), he was an outstanding politician, thinker, writer, and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" and received a posthumous title after his death. Anshi was good at reading, had a strong memory, and received a good education. In the second year of Qingli (1042), he ranked fourth in the Jinshi list of Yangzhen. He successively served as a Huainan judge, a magistrate of Yin County, a Tong magistrate of Shuzhou, a magistrate of Changzhou, and a local official in Jiangxi Tidian Prison. In the second year of Shenzong Xining's reign (1069), he was promoted to participate in political affairs. The following year, he paid homage to the prime minister and implemented the new law. After he resigned as prime minister in the ninth year of Xining (1076), he lived in seclusion. Wang Anshi closely linked literary creation and political activities throughout his life, emphasizing that literature serves society. Most of his works exposed current ills, reflected social contradictions, and had strong political innovations. There are currently "Wang Linchuan Collection" and "Linchuan Collection Supplements". His prose is powerful, concise, and sharp. Most of his prose expounds political opinions and opinions and serves the reform and innovation. Wang Anshi's poems had a profound influence on later generations. His pragmatic writing style contributed to the eradication of the flashy style that was popular for a while. He is a star in the history of Chinese poetry.
Su Shi
Su Shi (1037-1101) was a writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name was Zizhan, his nickname was Dongpo Jushi, and he was a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Sichuan). Son of Su Xun. Jiayou Jinshi. Because he opposed Wang Anshi's new law, he sought a foreign position and served as general magistrate of Hangzhou. Later, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. Later, he was demoted to Huangzhou for writing poems that "slandered the imperial court". During the reign of Zhezong, he became a Hanlin scholar. He went to Hangzhou, Yingzhou, etc., and became a minister of the Ministry of Rites. Later he was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou. He died of illness in Changzhou the second year after returning to the north. In the Southern Song Dynasty, he was posthumously named Wenzhong. Together with his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe, they are collectively known as "Three Su". Politically, it belongs to the old party, but it also has demands for reforming bad governance. His writing is unbridled, clear and fluent, and he is one of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors, and have a unique style in artistic expression. A few poems can also reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of their luxury and arrogance. Ci Kai is bold and unrestrained, which has a great influence on future generations. His lyrics "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" and "Shui Diao Ge Tou·Bingchen Mid-Autumn Festival" are widely recited.
Su Shi was also good at calligraphy and painting, and together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, he was known as the "Four Masters of Song Dynasty". Poems include "The Complete Works of Dongpo" and so on. The extant writings include "Essays and Posts in Appreciation to Civil Teachers", "Ji Dao Wen in Honor of Huang", "Qian Chibi Fu", "Poems and Posts on Cold Food in Huangzhou", etc. His paintings include "Pictures of Dead Trees and Strange Rocks", "Pictures of Bamboos and Stones", etc.