Sima Xiangru (about 179 ~ 2 17), whose real name is evergreen, was originally named dog. Later, because he admired Shang Xiangru, he changed his name to Xiangru, a native of Chengdu, Sichuan.
Sima Xiangru liked reading and fencing when he was young. He is a diner in Liang Xiaowang, and wrote Zi Xufu, which spread to the palace. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty saw it and appreciated it. I said with emotion, "I can't be alone with this person!" " Later, I learned that it was at the same time, so I summoned him. He wrote poems for safari, which won the favor of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and gained popularity.
When Sima Xiangru was down and out, he seduced Zhuo Wangsun's daughter, 17-year-old widow Zhuo Wenjun, and staged the most famous elopement in China history. Zhuo Wangsun boycotted the young couple, who were selling wine nearby. "Mixed with Yongbao, the washing machine is in the city." Zhuo Wangsun is a big family with more than 800 servants. He couldn't afford to lose the man, so he gave in. "There are 100 people in Wen Jun, and the money is 100 million." So the young couple became rich. Later, he changed his mind and finally died of diabetes. He was a royal scholar before his death.
Fu is a new style after string-based poems and Chu Ci, which focuses on music and dance. It is "reciting without songs", but piling up words, looking for strange words and allusions are all empty-handed, which is "easy to add in words, but empty in meaning" Among them, Fu is the best. In the history of China's articles, he set an example and was also the chief culprit.
Cai Yong: Collected Works of Cai Zhonglang
Cai Yong (132 ~ 192) was born in Qixian county, Henan province. He is the eldest son of Han Wei, and his family is also a model of China's family-"My uncle and brother it runs in the family, regardless of wealth, have a high township party."
Cai Yong is good at poetry, mathematics, astronomy, music and writing, especially at revising ancient books and writing. His achievements are even more impressive, and he is the first master of inscriptions in China. When Cai Yong was 46 years old, he was imprisoned by the powerful minister, and he survived. "He and his family moved to the north." The whole family was exiled to the border area as criminals, and he was pardoned the next year. Soon after, he was framed for complaining when he was in exile. He was "a fugitive" and took refuge in Jiangsu for twelve years. After Dong Zhuo came to power, he admired him very much and forced him to return to the central government. He tried to "worry about himself" in Shandong, but failed. After Yun3 killed Dong Zhuo, Cai Yong sighed. Wang Yun thought there was something wrong with this sigh and put him in prison and killed him. In order to complete the history of the Han Dynasty, he stabbed his face and chopped off his feet, begging for his life. Wang Yun refused and was killed at the age of 6/kloc-0. Cai Yong escaped from the whirlpool of politics three times in his life and finally died in the whirlpool, which shows how unfair this is. What's more unfair is that in the later unofficial history operas, Cai Yong, who is loyal, filial and kind, was "won over all the villages" by ruthless and treacherous villains, which is even more unfair.
Kong Rong: Kong Beihai Collection
Kong Rong (153 ~ 2008) was born in Qufu, Shandong. He is the 20th grandson of Confucius. He was "gifted at a young age". When he was ten years old, he visited Mars and was surprised by his eloquence. Mars praised him as "a smart person must be a great instrument".
Kong Rong 16 years old went to prison, and the wanted man James Zhang took refuge in Confucius' home, while Kong Rong took care of James Zhang for his younger brother Kong Bao. After the incident, Kong Rong said that he was responsible; Kong Bao said, "It's not his fault that my brother came to beg me." He should be responsible; Their mother said that she was the parent and she was responsible. It was "a desperate struggle" (the whole family was fighting to the death), and it was chivalrous and touching. Later, the emperor decided that Kong Bao was in charge and Kong Rong was released from prison.
Kong Rong is a brave man. He is the secretariat of Qingzhou, besieged by Yuan Tan. Since Zhixia entered the spring, only a few hundred people have been guarding the city. He is in danger, but he "lives in seclusion and studies, laughing like a cucumber". On the night when the city fell, his wife was caught and he was able to escape.
Kong Rong opposed the resumption of corporal punishment, Cao Pi privately collected Yuan Shao's daughter-in-law, and Cao Cao forbade alcohol. ..... and Cao Cao evolved together. The villain Lv Chi played a trick on him. Finally, Lu Cui accused Luo Zhi and Kong Rong of "appealing to their followers and trying to behave badly", saying that he "slandered and destroyed the imperial court", "disobeyed the imperial ceremony" and "committed a heinous crime". Kong Rong went to prison for the second time. Finally, the whole family was killed, with no eggs left, aged 56.
What happened to Kong Rong is really a tragedy in troubled times.
Land set: land set
Lu Ji (26 1 ~ 303), whose real name is Shi Heng, is also known as Lu Ping, a native of Shanghai, Jiangsu, because of its civilian history. Lu Ji's grandfather is Lu Xun and his father is Lu Kang. He was the son of the Wu family during the Three Kingdoms period. At the age of twenty, Wu disappeared and studied behind closed doors for ten years. Finally, I wrote two articles "On Death" as a review of the rise and fall of my country.
Lu Ji later became an official in the Jin Dynasty. Unfortunately, he was involved in an indoor dispute in the Jin Dynasty. He was imprisoned and died, but he survived. During the reign of Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty, internal disputes in Jin Dynasty continued. Lu Ji led the troops to defeat and was framed. Wang Ying, Chengdu, mistakenly thought he was plotting a mutiny and sent someone to arrest him. He said, "It's not fate to be punished today!" Then he said, "How can I hear about Huating Crane?" He was killed. His younger brothers Lu Yun and Lu Dan, and his sons Liu Wei and Liu Xia were killed at the same time. He was only 43 when he died. Because this is an unjust prison, he "died of sin, and all the soldiers were in pain, and they all shed tears." This is what Li Bai's poem "A Talented Man Wastes His Wish" refers to.
Lu Ji is the author of many styles. At present, Lu Ji has three volumes of poetry, four volumes of poetry, one volume of essays and two volumes of prose. Zhang Hua said to Lu Ji: "People are just articles, and they often hate only a few, but children suffer more." From this, we can see his "genius, elegance and gorgeous rhetoric" side.
Lu Ji's "Wen Fu" can best represent his literary theory, and can also see the literary level of that era.
Tao Qian: Tao Yuanming's Collection
Tao Qian (372 ~ 427), whose real name is Yuanming, was born in Xunyang Chaisang (Jiujiang, Jiangxi). After his death, Mr. Jing Jie overflowed. He is the great-grandson of Tao Kan, a politician in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He is the county magistrate of pengze county. Because he hated the position of inspector, he didn't want to bow down for the five buckets of rice, and he didn't want to "show him", so he resigned. He has been uncooperative for a long time.
Tao Qian was born in troubled times before the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Seeing the darkness of real politics, he decided to abandon his official position and retire. The writing style of his time was beautiful and elegant, but light and natural. He would rather live in poverty, but he is self-sufficient, wearing worn-out shoes and traveling around, which is not in line with real politics.
Tao Qian's only excessive hobby is that he likes drinking, and he wrote most poems about wine. In his five-character ancient poem 1 14, the word "wine" appeared 3 1 times, drunk 7 times, woke up 3 times, drunk 3 times, drank 3 times, and became alcoholic 1 times. His sons are all idiots, and none of them can inherit everything from him in the form of "I get my wine". He died at the age of 63. Before he died, he wrote a eulogy to himself, saying, "What is more important?" It means you don't care about your reputation before and after death. This kind of broadmindedness is exactly the same in his elegy: "After a thousand years, who knows the honor or disgrace?" But when hate is alive, drinking is not enough! "
Jiang Yan: Jiang Wen Tong Ji
Jiang Yan (444 ~ 505) was born in Lankao, Henan. He became an orphan at the age of thirteen and his family was poor. "He often takes his salary to adopt his mother." . When I grew up, I became an official in the Song Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, but I didn't succeed. At the age of 23, I was falsely accused of taking black money because of Guo Yan's copywriting and went to prison. After he wrote to Wang Liu in prison, this was self-evident before he was released.
After Jiang Yan became a great official in Qi State, he became a great official in Liang Dynasty and lived in three dynasties. When he died at the age of 62, Liang Wudi wore plain clothes to mourn for him. He was born in troubled times, and it is not easy for him to persist in his creation in troubled times and write works such as "Hate Fu" and "Biefu" to show his protest against the times.
One of the major shortcomings of Jiang Yan's works is his weak personality. His Thirty Miscellaneous Poems, with 2700 words, imitates the poetic style of 30 schools since the Han and Wei Dynasties, and can be confused with the truth. It shows that his skill is profound, but his personality is not strong; This is just an advanced example.
When Jiang Yan was fifty-four years old, it is said that one night he dreamed of a "beautiful husband" who called himself Guo Pu and said to him, "I have kept a pen in your office for many years! You can see that. " Jiang Yan returned the five-color pen. Since then, "Jiang Lang has run out of talents" and there is no masterpiece. This is an interesting story.
Luo: Luo Wen Ji
Luo (about 640 ~ 684) was born in Yiwu, Zhejiang. When he was young, he would write articles, especially five-character poems. "I tasted" Imperial Capital "and thought it was a swan song." When he was there, he "took the stolen goods for Chang 'an, moved to Linhai and left, lost his ambition and abandoned his official position. "
Xu Jingye set out to woo Wu Zetian, and he was also involved. He presided over propaganda and military books on behalf of Xu Jingye, and he wrote the most famous book "Overcoming Wu Zhao". Legend has it that when Wu Zetian first saw this wonderful article and scolded her, she didn't care and was still laughing. However, when she read the sentence "A handful of dirt is wet, six feet are lonely", she opened her eyes and said, "Who wrote it widely and told me that it was written by King Robin, and Wu Zetian complained:" The Prime Minister lost this man! "The prime minister how can lose such talent! )
After Xu Jingye failed to arise, the New Book of Tang said that "Wang Bin was desperate and didn't know what to do", and the Old Book of Tang said that "Zhu Fu" was obviously killed.
After the death of King Robin, Wu Zetian asked someone to look up his works and found ten volumes, which were widely circulated in the world.
When Wang Luobin was appointed as a consultant, he was imprisoned and wrote a five-rhythm poem of a political prisoner listening to cicada, saying, "Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? ? "After his death, he never imagined that it was his number one political enemy, Wu Zetian, who expressed his" mind "! The measurement of this female emperor is really not simple!
Fan Zhongyan: Fan Wenzheng's Public Collection
Fan Zhongyan (989 ~ 1052), a native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, was originally from Wen Xi. At the age of two, his father died and his mother took him to remarry Zhu. When he grew up, he knew his life experience and said goodbye to his mother with tears. He refused to give up his surname Zhu and resumed his surname Fan.
Fan Zhongyan went to Qi's academy to study. He is so poor that he cooks a pot of porridge every day. After the porridge was frozen, he cut three pieces, one for each meal, and he was so poor that he kept mechanical. After the age of 26, he won the Jinshi and took his mother back to support him, which obviously means that he belongs to the Fan family.
When Fan Zhongyan led the troops to defend Xixia, there was a proverb that "there was a model in the army, and the western thieves were frightened when they heard it", which showed his high prestige. Later, when he became prime minister, he presided over the "Li Qing Reform", which was opposed by conservatives and powerful people who maintained vested interests and failed.
When Fan Zhongyan was a scholar, he said that his wish was "to be good at worrying about the world first, and then to enjoy the world." This style has influenced many intellectuals in China at present and later generations.
Fan Zhongyan loves talents to help the poor. Most of his salary as an official is used to support poor scholars; And set up "Yizhuang" to help poor families. His "benevolence" is due to the great influence of his teacher Qi. Qi did not store private wealth all his life, but gave himself up as a human being, and so did Fan Zhongyan.
Ouyang Xiu: Collected Works of Ouyang Wenzhong
Ouyang Xiu (1007 ~ 1072), whose real name is Yong Shu, is a drunkard at the age of 40, and a layman in his later years, Ji 'an, Jiangxi. His father died when he was a child, and his family was too poor to afford a pen and paper. His mother taught him how to draw with reed poles on the ground, and it was very hard to learn. At the age of twenty-four, he was a scholar. He served in the local and central government, and wrote academic works such as Chongwen Mu Zong and New Tang Book.
Ouyang Xiu was upright and upright, and refused to respect Buddha's righteousness, but he tended to be conservative in his later years. During Wang Anshi's political reform, he retired because of opposition, and died the following year, living at the age of 66.
Ouyang Xiu created the Song Dynasty in his article. He inherited from Han Yu and advocated that articles should have the functions of "Ming Dow" and "practicality". "It is not difficult for articles to be self-sufficient". His writing talents are various, including prose, crazy talk, historical biography and poetry, and his achievements have greatly influenced the writing styles of Su San and his sons, Ceng Gong, Wang Anshi and their descendants. He dares to use Chinese and expand it. He wrote 2 1 leaf "drunken pavilion preface" in a row, which was very impressive! After the article is engraved, he will change "bitter wine in spring" into "bitter wine in spring", and he will not stop until he engraves it again. Very serious!
Ouyang Xiu also served as the ambassador of the Khitan, and the Khitan sent four nobles to show their respect.
Su Shi: Seven Episodes of Dongpo
Su Shi (1037 ~111), born in Meishan, Sichuan, was named Dongpo.
When Su Shi was twenty-one, he went to Beijing to take the exam. His literary talent shocked the examiner Ouyang Xiu and won the Jinshi. He was an official in "The Height of the Temple" and "The Distance of Rivers and Lakes" respectively. Later, because of writing poems, he was accused of slandering the imperial court and was put in prison. Fortunately, his friend Fan Zhen wrote to save him, and Song Shenzong had a good impression on him, so he narrowly escaped death. After four months and twelve days in prison, he was sent to Huangzhou, Hubei Province, where he was restricted from living and was not allowed to leave.
After Song Shenzong's death, he returned to the central government, worked as an academician and waiter, drafted 800 letters, and studied for Song Zhezong, which was very popular. Later, he was falsely accused of writing poems to slander Shantou, but went to Hangzhou to be an official, then returned to the central government, and was finally sent to Huizhou and Qiongzhou (Hainan Island) in Guangdong. It was not until Song Huizong acceded to the throne that he was transferred back. He died in Changzhou at the age of 66 (because he was born on December 19 of the lunar calendar, he actually lived only 60 years old). Su Shi is an outstanding writer in China. No matter his poems, words and essays, there are superhuman performances. The lyrics have completed an independent style in his hands, no longer attached to the lyrics of music, and the content is liberated and bold, making him a unique person.
Although Su Shi is a master, his ideological level is only a super-scholar, and his highest realm ends in Fu on the Red Wall, which is not as delicate and in-depth as a thinker. In addition, Buddhism, Taoism and folk superstitions are mixed, and the behavior is to ask for rain and alchemy, and the realm is low. His political views, especially those of the old school, are much worse than Wang Anshi's. It really means "only know more, but watch the Tao without seeing it."
Wen Tianxiang: Collected Works of Mr. Wenshan
Wen Tianxiang (1236- 1283) was born in Ji 'an, Jiangxi. At the age of twenty-one, he won the scholar and the first prize. At the age of 24, I wrote to ask for political reform, but there was no result. Because the villain Jia Sidao was in power, he was once dismissed from office at home. Later, he became an official and became a prime minister, but that was the prime minister of national subjugation, because the Song Dynasty was about to perish. However, Wen Tianxiang was not discouraged. He said, "Although parents have diseases, they can't do it and don't need drugs." So I know what I can't do.
Wen Tianxiang was once captured and escaped before coming back; When he was captured again, the Mongols strongly hoped that he would surrender, promised him a high official and generous salary, and encouraged his relatives and friends to persuade him, but he refused. Imprisoned in Beijing prison for more than three years, taking righteousness as a song and never giving in. Finally, the Mongols helped him and killed him in Chai City with the sound of drums, at the age of 46 (actually, he was 46).
When Wen Tianxiang was executed, he left his clothes to show his praise, saying, "Confucius said that we should be benevolent, while Mencius said that we should take justice, only benevolence is the best. What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Every now and then, I have no conscience! " It's amazing. After his death, his enemy Kublai Khan called him a "real man"! Scholars in the Yuan Dynasty said in the Preface to the Biography of Prime Minister Wen: "Those who have received the merits of a hundred years of monks are public ears!" In the history of China, there were people with lofty ideals who generously went to righteousness first and died without regret. No one is greater than Wen Tianxiang.
Song Lian: Song Wenxian Collection.
Song Lian (1310 ~1381) was born in Jinhua, Zhejiang.
Song Lian is a successful scholar who studies hard. The family is poor, so I have to borrow books from others, and my fingers are frozen; I went to school again, dragging a whore to the mountains and valleys, and my toes were frozen stiff.
Shun Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty asked him to edit imperial academy, but he refused to do it. He lived in seclusion in Longmen Mountain and devoted himself to writing books. More than ten years later, Mao hired him as a Confucian teacher in Jiangnan in the Ming Dynasty. "History of Ming Dynasty" said: "For more than ten years, all the words and expressions of Prince Lian's father were satirized and persuaded, so that he could gain enlightenment. When it comes to politics and religion and the rise and fall of the previous generation, he will hand over and say, "If this is the case, it will not be like that. Every time the Crown Prince looks at the Kingdom of Ghana, he will say "Master Yun". "In addition, Song Lian is responsible for the yuan history. Eventually he became a bachelor of Hanlin, accepted the imperial edict, learned to formulate a grand system (writing letters to the emperor), and retired at the age of 68.
Unexpectedly, I retired. In Hu's purge, his eldest grandson was involved in the Ming Dynasty. So the whole family was exiled to Sichuan, and Song Lian died on the way.
In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Zong pursued the death of Wen Xian, so his legacy was called "Song Wenxian Collection".
Song Lian was the first writer in the early Ming Dynasty, and he was also the one who formulated the ritual and music system in the Ming Dynasty. He was "promoted to be the first civil servant in the founding of the People's Republic of China", and the tragic ending was inevitable.
Gui Youguang: Collected Works of Zhenchuan.
Gui Youguang (1507 ~ 157 1), the word Xifu, was the best writer in Ming Dynasty. He once gave lectures on Anting River in Jiading, and was called Mr. Zhenchuan. He is from Kunshan, Jiangsu.
In the imperial examination era, Gui Youguang was unlucky in the senior high school entrance examination. He was thirty-five years old when he was elected as a juror, but if he was admitted to Jinshi again, he would never be admitted. It took him twenty-five years to become a sixty-year-old Jinshi.
After winning the Jinshi, I went to be a Changxing county magistrate. However, he is "learning from the past", trying cases, only giving lectures, not sentencing. A "every trial, cited women and children before the case, was stabbed in Wu language. If you are sent away, you will not be imprisoned. " (Biography of Ming History) How does it say this? He was asked to try according to law, but he wouldn't listen. As a result, he was pulled down and moved to Shunde, specializing in horse administration. Since the founding of the Ming Dynasty, there has never been a scholar in charge of horses, so he got on the horse obsequiously.
At the age of sixty-five, he was promoted by the university students Gao Gong and Zhao Zhenji to compile A Record of Sejong, and died after a year.
Gui Youguang is a beautiful and affectionate person. His prose is touching. It is about father and son, husband and wife, friends and parting. In the Ming Dynasty, after Li Mengyang and He Jingming advocated imitating the ancient prose of Qin and Han Dynasties, everyone realized that crooked people had become pseudo-ancient prose, but Gui Youguang's articles did not have this problem.
Yuan Hongdao: Yuan Zhonglang's Collection of Works
Yuan Hongdao (1568 ~ 16 10) is a policeman in Hubei. Ming Shi said that he was a student at the age of sixteen, that is, he had a long association with the south of the city. Leisure is an ancient poem with sound in it. Take twenty years of Wanli as an example. Go home, read under the curtain, and focus on poetry. Choose Wu county magistrate, listen to the verdict, the court is fresh. Talk with literati about poetry and pretend to be elegant. I was fired. Professor Shuntian, assistant to Professor Li, director of the department, died of illness. For a long time, the Forbidden City. Look for the official seal and change the anthology. Looking for the foreign minister to take an examination of the method of taking an examination of the regiment officer at the age of 30. It's customized. I moved to Jixun Langzhong, and later I got sick and died for several months. "
There are three "ghosts" in China's modern literary world. Although they are still alive, their works are often told about population and often given new meanings. Their names are-Yuan Hongdao, Gong Dingtun and Su. Gong's spirit is rebellious and unrestrained, Su's spirit is sentimental and detached, and Yuan Hongdao's spirit is to look at the humorous literature of the world calmly and develop into fresh and meaningful literature, which directly hits the soul.
This is the greatness and immortality of Yuan Hongdao. He is one of the absolutely beautiful intellectuals in China. He has the most personality, and he hates pedantic scholars who "learn from the ancients and moisten things silently", so he humbly and proudly wrote: "I would rather be a modern man than a layman, and refuse to accept a word!" How decisive and magnificent this is!
Yuan Hongdao's brother and younger brother are both brilliant, and they are called Sanyuan. They were all opposed to imitating the ancient prose of Qin and Han dynasties and advocating fresh style. This style is called public security style.
Lv Liuliang: Works of Mr. Lu Wancun.
(1629 ~ 1683) is a native of Chongde, Zhejiang Province. He is a posthumous child. He was able to write articles at the age of eight and organized a book club at the age of twelve. Sixteen-year-old, Ming Sizong was martyred and the Ming Dynasty perished. From the age of 17 to the age of 19, he fled for many years. Later, I was engaged in selecting articles, selling articles and making a living as a tutor. At the age of 38, he was exempted from the test and was demoted to a scholar. Later, his full mind became stronger and stronger, and his main job was to practice medicine and compile books. After the age of forty-five, his argument about preventing foreign summer became clearer and clearer. He publicized national thoughts under the banner of Zhu. He opened a bookstore in Nanjing and sold his own books. At the age of 52, the Qing government recruited hermits everywhere, so he had to shave his hair, put on disgusting clothes and insisted on not cooperating. In three years, he will die.
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Fifth Floor
46 years after his death, a literary inquisition began. Ceng Jing, a native of Hunan, was arrested for rebellion. His confession mentioned that he was influenced by Lv Liuliang's Selected Works, so the Qing court investigated the deceased and "slaughtered Lv Liuliang". If his students were killed by their families, they were treated as slaves. This literary inquisition resulted in seven provinces, and there were no dead people for nearly forty years. Of course, Lv Liuliang's books were also destroyed and banned, but now they are only rare.
Liu Xianting: Yang Guang Miscellaneous Notes
Liu Xianting (1648- 1695) was born in Beijing. In the early Qing Dynasty, he devoted himself to academic research, visited mountains and rivers, and visited old Tan Shi. His life "aims to benefit the world and cultivate talents, but his fate is beyond his plan".
Liu Xianting is particularly good at history, geography and phonology. "Qing draft" said he:
He learned from the world, such as mussels, rhythm, phonology, dangers, wealth, military and political affairs. He learned everything in order to grasp the books that distinguish the yellow from the old. He became friends with Liang Pei, Wang Fuzhi of Hengshan Mountain and Peng Weishi of Nanchang, and returned to Kunshan to learn from Xu Gan.
After discussion, Wan Sitong quoted the Museum of Ming History, and Gu Zuyu and Huang Yi also quoted the Annals of the Great Unity. Xian Ting said: "Masters have more archaeology than practicality."
Fortunately, he came to Hunan and was trying to write a book with his comrades-in-arms, but he died suddenly at the age of 48.
Besides his erudition, Liu Xianting's clear thinking and broad vision were also rare in Qing Dynasty. After Roy's death, he wrote "Liu's Tomb Table", saying: "Life and death have nothing to do with the world and are not enough for the world; Being a scholar in the world cannot be compared with the ancients, nor is it enough to be a scholar through the ages. If you are in Chu Shi, you will live and die together, and the ups and downs of the world will be in harmony. There are countless people who have not seen it for thousands of years. " Check Liu Xianting's life, that's right.
Zheng Xie: Zheng Banqiao Collection.
Zheng Xie (1693 ~ 1765) was born in Xinghua, Jiangsu. He became a scholar when he was seventeen. Less than thirty years old, he settled in Yangzhou and made a living by selling paintings. "Selling 100 yuan a day to grow crops without farming is really saving the poor and elegant." At the age of forty, he was promoted, and at the age of forty, he was a scholar.
Before Zheng Xie was thirty years old, he had a son, but under the poverty of "it is common to eat porridge in the wild, and he is ashamed to cry about my son", the malnourished son died. Later, he was a scholar and worked as a "seven-grade official" in wei county. In order to help the refugees, he offended his boss and lost his job. In Wei County, he wrote poems such as Escape from the Wilderness, Homecoming, Homecoming, etc., expressing people's sufferings and touching. People in Wei County remembered him and set up a shrine for him (most of the neologisms in Ming Dynasty were aimed at bad people like Wei Zhongxian, but the neologisms in Qing Dynasty were different).
After Zheng Xie lost his official position, he lived in Yangzhou and continued to sell paintings. "One by one, the sea competes for it." He customized this example and said humorously:
Four Liang for the big one, two Liang for the small one, one or two couplets for the book, and five yuan for the fan.
Giving gifts and food is better than giving money. What Gaigong gave may not be what his brother likes. Give cash, you will be happy, and calligraphy and painting are good. Since gifts are entangled, credit is particularly afraid of default, and you can't accompany a gentleman when you are old and tired.
His free and easy humor can be seen.
Eastern Han Dynasty
Idiom story-shameless question
This idiom comes from The Analects of Confucius and Gongye Chang. It is sensitive and eager to learn, and is not ashamed to ask questions.
Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period was a great thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism. People revere him as a saint. However, Confucius believed that no one, including himself, was born knowledgeable.
On one occasion, Confucius went to the Luwang Ancestral Temple to attend the ancestor worship ceremony. He asks people about almost everything from time to time. Someone laughed at him behind his back, saying that he was rude and asked everything. After hearing these comments, Confucius said, "Ask if you don't understand, that's exactly what I want to know."
At that time, there was a doctor in Weiguo named Kong Kui, who was open-minded, eager to learn and upright. At that time, there was a custom in society, that is, after the death of the supreme ruler or other people with status, they were given a title called Shi. According to this custom, after his death, Kong Cong was canonized as "Wen", so people later called him Zi.
Confucius' student Zi Gong was unconvinced. He thought that Confucius also had shortcomings, so he asked Confucius, "Teacher, why can Zi be called Wen?"
Confucius said, "I am quick and eager to learn, and I am not ashamed to ask questions. It is called' Wen'." It means that Kong Cong is smart and diligent, and he is not ashamed to study for a person whose position is lower than himself and his knowledge is worse than himself, so he can use the word "Wen" as posthumous title.
There are many! There is Zhang Yao in our country,
There was a military attache named Zhang Yao in the Qing Dynasty. Because of his hard work and outstanding achievements, he was promoted to Yu Shi. He was out of school and uneducated since childhood, and was often discriminated against by court officials. Liu Minnan, the suggestion, said that he was "illiterate", so he was appointed as the company commander. From then on, Zhang Yao decided to study hard to make himself literate and military.
Who should I ask for advice? Zhang Yao thought his wife was very cultured and asked her to teach him to study when he got home. The wife said: "Teaching is ok, but there is one condition, that is, learning from teachers." Zhang Yao agreed, immediately put on royal clothes, let his wife sit in front of Confucius memorial tablet, and gave her three kneels and nine knocks. Since then, his wife has taught him to read the history of the Bible in her spare time. Whenever his wife puts on a teacher's airs, he bends down to listen to the training and dares not be rude. At the same time, he also had an "illiterate" seal engraved, which he often wore as a self-warning. Thanks to his wife's inculcation, Zhang Yao began to be keen on learning. After several years, he finally became a very learned man.
Later, when he was a governor in Shandong, someone was "illiterate" with him. He wrote to the emperor asking for an interview. The interview results surprised the emperor and many ministers. Zhang Yao took office in Shandong, repaired river banks, built roads, set up factories and bureaus, and made fine works, and did many things that benefited the country and the people. Because he is diligent and studious, Emperor posthumous title called him "diligent fruit".
The story of a studious celebrity.