"help" was used as "help" in classical Chinese or ancient times, for example, Confucius' The Analects of Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period: Confucius said, "If you don't help me, you will tell me everything." Confucius said, "Yan Hui is not a helpful person. He is not completely convinced of what I said." )
Zhu
Pinyin: zhù, Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ, radical: LCYM Department, external strokes: 52A9 paintings, total strokes: 7 paintings, five strokes 86:EGLN
Five strokes 98:EGET, Cang Xie: BMKS, Zheng. Help. Assistant. Help others. Help others to abuse others. Pull out the seedlings and encourage them (zh m 4 ng). I can't help you.
2. According to legend, it is the rent and tax system of the Yin Dynasty.
Extended information
Chinese character strokes:
Related words:
1. Proclaim help [xuān zhù]
Promote help.
2. Kyosuke [j ǐ ng zh]
gives great assistance.
3. Helping the border [zhù biān]
means donating property to finance border defense expenses.
4. Give help [zèng zhù]
Give money, goods, clothes and silk to help with the funeral.
5. Help [ji ā zh]
Assist. 2. What is the best reference book to help you learn ancient Chinese characters?
The answer is divided into two steps, as follows.
Introduction of auxiliary materials for learning ancient Chinese:
Classical Chinese is nothing more than writhing and obscure than vernacular Chinese. If you want to devote yourself to learning ancient Chinese, you can't limit your vision to Chinese books. Recommended auxiliary materials: A Review of Ancient Chinese Literature, Zi Zhi Tong Jian, Historical Records, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Han Feizi and so on.
Introduction to the auxiliary materials for learning ancient Chinese characters:
The term "ancient Chinese characters" is incorrect, but it should be called "Chinese characters", and it was called "simplified Chinese characters" after the reform in 1952. Auxiliary materials recommendation: Copybook for calligraphy, Traditional Chinese Dictionary, Taiwan Province Today News Website, word Simplified to Complex, etc. 3. About Classical Chinese
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, articles used to record characters were not invented. Bamboo slips, silk and other things were used to record characters, while silk was expensive, bamboo slips were bulky and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a "roll" of bamboo slips, it was necessary to delete unimportant words.
It can be said that "Classical Chinese" is the earliest "compressed" format of written records in the world. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" between the ruling class had been stereotyped, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.
the first "article" means a written article. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording.
"classical Chinese" means written language, which is relative to "oral language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" means works, articles, etc., which means the genre.
"classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in common plain oral language"
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in "oral language" (spoken language) and "written language" (written language). For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in oral language as "Have you eaten?" , and expressed in written language, but it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. Here, the noun "Fanbu" is used as a verb, meaning to eat.
Before 1919, all China's articles were written in classical Chinese. Now we generally refer to "ancient Chinese" as "classical Chinese".
in the thousands of years of Chinese history, the spoken language of the language has changed greatly, but the classical Chinese has maintained a similar format. Classical Chinese can make users of different languages "talk in writing", which is a communication method with a fixed format but not very difficult.
[Edit this paragraph] The definition of classical Chinese in Hong Kong and Macao. In Hong Kong and Macao, newspapers and magazines are generally written in Cantonese. They will refer to the written language of China * * * (called Mandarin in Taiwan Province) written in Mandarin as classical Chinese. Recently, Putonghua education has been implemented in Hong Kong. Because Hong Kong students are used to textbooks written in Cantonese, students have reported to their teachers that these classical Chinese are difficult to learn. In fact, they are referring to Mandarin in Chinese mainland or Taiwan Province. For details, please refer to the news report of Hong Kong TVB Jade Channel at 6: 3 on October 7, 28.
SCOLAR started to subsidize 16 primary and secondary schools in four years to switch to Putonghua to teach Chinese. However, only more than 2 secondary schools applied this year, and some secondary schools indicated that they would rather implement it at their own expense than apply. [Edit this paragraph] Classical Chinese Structure (I) Judgment Sentence The so-called judgment sentence is a sentence pattern that judges the subject with nouns, pronouns or noun phrases as predicates.
its common forms are as follows: 1. "... zhe, ... ye", ... ye ",... ye", ... ye ",... ye", ... ye "and so on. Such as: "Lian Po, Zhao Zhiliang will also."
[Exercise 1] List such judgments in the classical Chinese we have studied. (The number of sentences is more than 3) ① Chen Shengsheng is also from Yangcheng.
② Xiang Ji Xuan, the old South Pavilion. (3) Nanyang Liu Ziji, Gao Shangshi also.
(4) If you are embarrassed, Zhou Jingwang has no shot. (5) seven slightly four libraries, the book of the son of heaven.
⑥ everything in the palace is an organic whole. ⑦ Liang, my enemy, the prince, my foundation.
⑧ I hate these three. Pet-name ruby bribery qin and strength loss, the way to burst.
attending, the effect of using troops is also. 2. Adverbs such as Nai, i.e., Ze, Jun, Shi, Cheng and Wei are used to express judgment.
For example, "This is the autumn when I serve." [Exercise 1] List such judgments in classical Chinese that we have studied.
(the number of sentences is more than 3) ① When you ask what the world is today, you don't know whether there are Han people. I don't know what year it is today.
③ those who are now in the grave. (4) Liang Fu that chu will Xiang Yan.
⑤ This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. 6. Either you die or you migrate.
⑦ all these are good and honest, and they are loyal and pure. Today, it's a critical autumn.
pet-name ruby nowadays, people are knives and I am fish. Attending I am a madman in Chu, and the wind sings and laughs at Kong Qiu.
3. Use negative adverb "Fei" to express negation. For example, "the collapse of the six countries is not bad for soldiers, but bad for war."
[Exercise 1] List such judgments in the classical Chinese we have studied. (The number of sentences is more than 3) ① Climb high and recruit, the arm is not lengthened, but the person who sees it is far away.
② The city is neither high nor deep, and the soldiers and grass are not profitable. (3) not too mountain to the north sea and so on.
(2) passive sentences In classical Chinese, the subject of some sentences is the receiver of the action, which is a passive sentence. Its common types are as follows: 1. "See", "……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
For example, "I often laugh at generous families." [Exercise 1] List such passive sentences in classical Chinese that we have studied.
(the number of sentences is more than 3) ① I am afraid that I will be bullied by the king. (2) Qin Cheng fear not to get, and see the deceit.
③ Therefore, Zheng Xiu was deceived internally and Zhang Yi was deceived externally. (4) Li Zifan, seventeen years old, learning from time to time.
2. The table "for" and "for" is passive. For example, "parents and clans are all slaughtered."
(1) the body dies and the country dies, laughing for the world. (2) for the country, there is no ambassador to be robbed by Ji Wei.
③ is derived from the group. (4) fear for fuck first.
(5) Later, the Chu Dynasty was stripped, and for decades, it was destroyed by the Qin Dynasty. (III) Inverted Sentences The inverted sentences in classical Chinese are relative to the sentence order of modern Chinese. Based on this, we divide the inverted sentences in classical Chinese into prepositional object, attributive postposition, adverbial postposition and subject-predicate inversion.
1. prepositional object's so-called prepositional object is the component that is usually used as the object and placed in front of the predicate verb to show emphasis. For example, the word "zhi" in "the letter of disapproval" is the prepositional object.
prepositional object is usually divided into four situations. (1) In interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns are the object, prepositional object.
For example, "What's the king doing here?" "Wes, who are we going home with?" (2) In the negative sentence, the pronoun is the object, prepositional object. For example, "ancient people are not bullied."
(3) Advance the object with the help of "Zhi" and "Yes". For example, "I don't know the sentence, but I don't understand it."
"it's urgent to be diligent and only study, and you can't see too much." (4) prepositional object in the prepositional phrase.
For example, "Otherwise, how did you get here?" 2. Attributive Postposition Usually attributive should be placed in front of the head word, but there are many sentences in classical Chinese that put attributive after the head word. Such as: "There is no earthworm. 4. How to understand such words as vice, introduction, connection, help, language, classical Chinese, etc.
Adverb: a word that modifies a restrictive verb or adjective. For example, "learning" is a verb, and the words "du", "bu", "often" and "always" before it are adverbs.
preposition; A word used before a noun or noun phrase. For example: in, from, to, to, etc.
conjunctions; A connecting word. A word is a word that connects words or phrases with sentences. For example: and, with, with, and, because, so, although, but, and and so on.
auxiliary words: words that play an auxiliary role, such as: de, de, di, suo, etc.
language; Including spoken and written language.
Classical Chinese: the language opposite to vernacular Chinese, typically the language of pre-Qin prose and the language of Tang and Song prose written in this form later. 5. What does classical Chinese mean?
Classical Chinese is a written language in China, which mainly includes written language based on spoken language in the pre-Qin period.
it is commonly known as "even the one who is". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, articles used to record characters were not invented, but bamboo slips, silk and other things were used to record characters, while silk was expensive, bamboo slips were bulky and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a "roll" of bamboo slips, it was necessary to delete unimportant words.
It can be said that "Classical Chinese" is the earliest "compressed" format of written records in the world. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" between the ruling class had been stereotyped, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.
translation rules of classical Chinese: There are two main requirements for middle school students to translate classical Chinese: correctness and fluency (namely, faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance). Correctness means that in terms of content, it is necessary to truthfully express the original intention, without misinterpretation, omission or excessive increase; Fluency means that in terms of expression, the translation should conform to the grammatical habits of modern Chinese.
When translating ancient Chinese, we should follow two basic principles and master six operating methods. One of the principles: words are inseparable from sentences, and sentences are inseparable from articles.
The words and sentences in the article are all in the specific language environment. To translate ancient words and sentences, we must understand their linguistic environment before we can translate them correctly.
For example, "One of the dogs sits in front" (Wolf), it seems that this sentence can be translated as "One of the dogs sits in front", but in connection with the above "Two wolves on the way", "When I was young, one wolf went all the way ...", it can be seen that the one who sat in front is not a dog, but another wolf. "Dog" means "like a dog", which is used to modify the posture of "sitting".
This example shows that the translation of ancient Chinese should first understand the whole text and the general idea, and then make a detailed translation closely following the requirements of "words are inseparable from sentences and sentences are inseparable from articles". The second principle: literal translation is the main one, while free translation is the auxiliary one.
Literal translation means translating words and sentences one by one according to the original text, and also requires maintaining the sentence pattern and tone of the original sentence. Such as "it really doesn't know horse evil? I really don't know the horse. "
(Ma Shuo), the word "qi" in the previous sentence should be translated as "Yao" to indicate rhetorical tone, and the word "qi" in the latter sentence should be translated as "I'm afraid" to indicate speculative tone. In translation, the meaning of some words is still unclear or even very awkward after literal translation, so it is necessary to use free translation to assist.
For example, the literal translation of "living at the height of the temple ……" (The Story of Yueyang Tower) means "living at the height of the ancestral temple and the palace", but the meaning is still unclear. We can use the free translation of "being an official in the imperial court" to make people understand it easily. Free translation is flexible, and the translator can express it in his own language after understanding the actual meaning of the original text, so that the deeper words can be translated easily and clearly, but only the general idea is not as good as literal translation, which is not suitable for middle school students who are cultivating their ability to read ancient Chinese gradually.
hello! I hope my answer can help you! Hope to adopt! Thank you. 6. What do you mean by classical Chinese?
1. Conjunctions Conjunction words with words, phrases with phrases, sentences with sentences, indicating a succession or a turning point.
1. The usage of indicating coordinate relationship is always used with two or more "zhe", and each "zhe" is used in a clause with relative meaning and similar structure, indicating that there is a coordinate relationship between two (or more) clauses (not between two words). It can be translated as "JIU" or not.
Example: (1) Being humble leads to shame, while being high in office leads to contempt. ("Teacher's Theory") (2) Therefore, the wood is straight when it is tied by the rope, and the gold is sharp and profitable ("Xunzi's persuasion"). (2) Expressing the relationship of succession (1) The latter part connected is an explanation or explanation of the former part.
It can be translated as "you are" and "just because", or it can be translated flexibly according to the context. For example, Chu lost his country when he was intoxicated, and Qi lost his country when he was intoxicated with the Song Dynasty. Why should Qi and Chu not serve the Qin Dynasty just because they were intoxicated with the Song Dynasty? Those who have made meritorious deeds are also enemies of Qin (Biography of Historical Records and Su Qin). According to the sentence "Those who have made meritorious deeds", it is because all countries that have made meritorious deeds are unforgettable enemies of Qin.
(2) The former part of the connection indicates the cause, and the latter part indicates the result, or they are related in the matter. It can be translated into "JIU", "Bian" and so on, or it can be translated flexibly according to the context.
For example, if the foreigners are close, there will be many tourists; The farther the risk is, the less it is (Wang Anshi's Travel to Baochan Mountain) (3) indicates that the two items connected are in succession in time. It can be translated as "just", "convenient" and "talented".
For example, if you go to the tower, you will feel relaxed and happy, forget the humiliation, and leave the wine in the wind, which will make you happy (The Story of Fan Zhongyan Yueyang Tower). 3. Indicates a turning point (1) indicates a turning point in meaning, and the word "then" is used in the last clause, which can be translated as "but", "instead" and "but"; The word "ze" is used in the previous clause when preparing the next sentence to turn into the right meaning, which can be translated as "although" and "is". Example: A. Haste makes waste (The Analects of Confucius Zi Lu) B. His room is near and his people are far away.