Hard pens mainly include pens, ballpoint pens, dip pens, pencils, plastic pens, bamboo pens, wooden pens and iron pens. , with pen and ink as the main carrier to express writing skills. It has the characteristics of convenient carrying, quick writing and wide use value. The difference between it and the soft pen is that it turns the rough stippling of the soft pen into a slender stippling and removes its muscles and bones.
Modern hard pen calligraphy mainly learns from ancient calligraphy brush stickers, that is, hard pen calligraphy brush stickers. There are some powerful hard pen figures in the contemporary era: for example, Ju Xuan Ming Xin (pen name) is good at the history and value of Ling Fei Classic. /kloc-The introduction and use of western pens in the 20th century made Chinese brushes, which have been used for more than 2,000 years, gradually retreat to the "second line", which triggered a revolution in the history of calligraphy in China and produced modern hard-pen calligraphy.
But for a long time, people in China didn't know that hard pen is an ancient thing in China, and the shape and function of some hard pens are only one step away from modern pens. The recent research results of Chinese experts show that there is a connection between ancient hard pen and modern pen in China, although it is still difficult to completely sort out the relationship between them at present, which needs further demonstration.
However, experts believe that from the similarity of the shape and principle of the pen tongue, it can be seen that the ancient hard pen in China is closely related to the modern western pen and may be its "distant ancestor". During the exploration and archaeological excavations in the last century, western explorers and archaeologists from China discovered more than 10 hard pens made of bamboo tubes, reed pipes, bamboo chips, red willows and other materials in the west of China.
1906, an Englishman Stein found a reed pen at the Milan site in Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang. 1972, an archaeologist in China found a double-petal pointed bamboo pen at the Zhangyibao site in Wuwei, Gansu Province. From the modeling point of view, these two kinds of pens are very similar, both of which are finely polished by wooden materials, with sharp tips and horse ears.
Surprisingly, there is a gap in the middle of the tongue of these two pens, which is double-pointed, similar to today's tongue. 199 1 year, a miner found a Han dynasty enamel, two bronze arrows and a bamboo slip at the site of Gaowang Lane on the southeast bank of Halanaoer Lake in northwest Dunhuang City. This is the earliest bamboo cone pen found in China so far, which is nearly two thousand years ago.