1. Answers to Cheng Zhuozhai’s family biography in classical Chinese
Reference translation:
Chengjun, whose name is Ren, whose courtesy name is Chang, calls himself Mr. Zhuozhai. His father, named Chengcheng, was famous in the countryside for his filial piety and was engaged in compiling local chronicles. Chengzhuozhai studied under Master Hangsheng in Yixing. He was proficient in the Five Classics and Four Books, extensively studied various schools of thought, wrote poems, eight-part essays, etc., and regarded doing things personally as his own pursuit. As a supplementary student, I took nine provincial examinations but failed in all of them. Use the knowledge you have learned to teach students for the rest of their lives. "Aiwulu Ji" is a self-expression. The content of the article is: "Aiwulu is the place where Mr. Chengzhai studied. There are several dilapidated houses that cannot protect from wind, rain and sun; the courtyard is small and there are no exotic flowers for entertainment. Eyes.
There are thousands of volumes of books, and the husband teaches them day and night in the house. He has four sons and one grandson each given a scripture, and he analyzes the problems in the articles he has learned with them every day and asks them to write poems. Literary, it is fun to highlight their articles. There are no servants to help, but those who love my house are invited in, treated with simple meals, sit across from each other, and talk to them about the sages of ancient and modern times, just like sitting at a table. It’s the same as meeting. The teacher uses the knowledge obtained by studying the principles of things as the foundation, uses personal practice to enter the house, punishes resentment and curbs desire as the wall of the courtyard, puts himself in others’ shoes as the door, and uses reading, writing, writing, and reciting poetry as the garden. To preserve my nature that is not stained by the secular world, I feel at peace when I am in this place, and I am happy when I enter this place. There is no need to tell others about this." This is his pleasure. He often said to his students: "The words and grammar of articles and poems are just minor skills. What benefits does it have for the body and mind? Is it like this to read the books of sages?" His son Chengzhi went to Beijing to take part in the examination. Before leaving, Chengzhuozhai told him: "You must have a sense of shame in your actions. This is the foundation of your life. Between gains and losses, you must treat it with caution!" Chengzhi's brothers are all respectful, cautious, and study hard. This is their fault. Taught by my father. Chengzhuozhai wrote several volumes of "Questions on the Four Books" and "Zhuozhaiji", as well as several eight-legged essays. He was sixty-six years old and died on March 15, the third year of Jiaqing.
Chengzhuozhai’s mother passed away when he was thirteen years old. At that time, he already knew how to observe filial piety. After his father died, he educated and raised his half-brother, and was very kind and courteous to him. Living in the countryside, there are many loyal behaviors. Because I want to write down its important and big aspects, I won’t write about these. Hang Sheng, Ming Le, was a man of mellow character. Those who studied with him called him "Mr. Liuxian" because he was blind. Chengzhuozhai served for eight years. After his death, he invited fellow disciples to write a detailed report on Hangsheng's conduct to the academic officials to praise his family style. Among the students educated by Chengzhuozhai, Zhang Chun from Yanghu and Lu Dianchou from Yixing are both famous in their hometown for their hard work.
Comments: Since the rise of Shiwen in response to the imperial examination, the Six Classics and Four Books have become the means to enter the official career in the imperial examination system. A father teaches his son with these, and a teacher teaches his students with them. The teachings of Zhou Gong and Confucius are spoken every day and written down on paper, but there are many people who never know what they are learning. Chengzhuozhai educates people, lets them experience and understand with their heart, and encourages his sons to know shame. What is the difference between ancient gentlemen and these? Chengzhi told me that the one word his father believed in throughout his life was "forgiveness." But in his later years, Chengzhuozhai said: "I used to use 'forgiveness' to treat others, which was very good; now I realize that this is not enough. We should also think about Mencius' words of 'reflecting more on ourselves.'" From this, Chengzhuozhai's knowledge reached You can know the depth of knowledge, the diligence in learning, and the spirit of never getting tired of it when you are old.
2. What is the answer to the classical Chinese reading of "The Biography of Zhang Dai"?
The answer to the classical Chinese reading of "The Biography of Zhang Dai" is:
6.B
7.D
8. (1) Forget it, educate your son to study when you go back, hoping to maintain the career of your ancestors.
(2) Friends discussed with each other the test questions in the scriptures. As soon as (the test questions) were introduced into his ears, the article was immediately formed. Later, when the (exam questions) were discussed again, he would block his ears. Dare to listen.
9. The quality of the candidate's calligraphy has an impact on the test scores; one can donate money to enter the Imperial Academy; the test questions are from scriptures; the examiner's preference directly determines the test results.
1. Original text:
The ancestor's name is Rulin, and his nickname is Yuruo. He was fond of ancient studies when he was young and read a lot of books. The young master refused to come to the pond to study calligraphy. His handwriting was ugly and clumsy, and he often failed in exams. Then he imported millet and entered the Imperial Academy, where he lived for twenty years. Wen Gong ① donated to the library, and the family was in trouble. The eldest father was studying at Longguang Tower, and he left the stairs to pass food on the shaft. He did not go downstairs for three years. Duke Deng Wenjie of Jiangxi Province came to Yue to pay homage to Wen Gong. The wood of Wen Gong's tomb has been arched, and the climbing bars are rusty. He died sadly. Wenjie was not happy with the post office sent by his eldest father. Gai Wenjie said that his eldest father had opened a wine shop and had not been engaged in writing for a long time, so he met his eldest father to pay a visit. As we were about to say goodbye that day, Grandfather Gu said, "You are done now, but you still want to teach your son how to read, so that he will not fall behind in his previous career." The eldest father wept and said: My nephew is ordered to be Mo. He plows hard but doesn't get anything. Wenjie said: Is that true? Let me interview you. Naigu was sixty and focused on the topic, while the elder father wrote in a rough manner without adding any points to his writing. Wenjie was pleasantly surprised and said: "Ziwen is famous in the world, not just the name of the material?" Yang Hezi is immortal!
On the first day of the first lunar month of Jiawu, I entered Nandu and went to Heming Mountain to study. I kept reading all night. I was ill and my eyesight was blurry. I lowered my curtain and sat in meditation for three months. Friends confer with each other about the scriptures, and the text immediately enters their ears. If someone talks about it later, they often block their ears and dare not listen. At leisure, before noon, the tablet was completed and dropped into the room of an old teacher. The tablets he took were sent to the Grand Master to test the nine-member Li Gong. If the seal was not good, he ordered it to be sent up again. If it was not good, it was sent up again. By the fourth to fifth time, all the tablets had been used up. The imperial edict was so angry that he wept. The official's slips contained seven volumes of slips, and he asked for the imperial edict. The imperial edict said: "The seven volumes are unreasonable, so I will keep them as a source of laughter." The public said: We are in urgent need of Ruoxiaozhi! When the public saw it, he touched his palm and said it was wonderful. He washed the scroll and put red lead on it. "The Book of Changes" uses the eldest father as the Yuan Dynasty, Gong Sanyi as the second, and the rest as Gao.
In Yiwei, he became a Jinshi, was awarded the order of Qingjiang, transferred to Guangchang, and had many corporals in his staff. My father-in-law, Mr. Huang, was good at teasing, and my father-in-law Yi was a dandy. The inspector went to Suspect Prison and ordered the five counties to gather together. Zhen's father said to Tongyin: "The books and regulations should belong to me. I don't want to accept it, and you don't want to accept it either. I will trap Zhang Guangchang." The eldest father knew what he meant, so he didn't stick to his words. He wrote thousands of words, all citing scriptures, and he settled the case like an old official. The loyal father opened his mouth silently and was called a genius! Wizard! So he made an appointment with his eldest father and said that he would never go against his will. After six years, he ranked first in the examination.
2. Question:
6. Regarding the explanation of the following highlighted words, which one is incorrect (3 points)
A. It has been a long time since I wrote the article. Things: engage in
B. Disease: tiredness
C. Not good: scold
D. Order the five counties to gather together: Interrogation
7. Which of the following summary and analysis of the relevant content of the original text is incorrect (3 points)
A. Although Zhang Rulin was well-read in his early years, he was not good at imperial examinations. It didn't go well, and he didn't get any merit until his father's death.
B. Deng Wenhao listened to other people's rumors and believed that Zhang Rulin was difficult to train. He changed his view after passing a face-to-face test.
C. When Zhang Rulin took part in the scientific examination, he almost failed to get his name because of the old teacher’s ignorance. Fortunately, he got on the list thanks to the examiner’s discernment.
D. Huang Zhen’s father encountered a difficult problem and could not solve it. Zhang Rulin wrote a thousand words and accurately solved the case. Huang praised him as a genius.
8. Translate the underlined sentences in the text into modern Chinese. (8 points)
(1) You are already here, but you still want to teach your children to read in order not to fall into the trap of their previous career.
(2) When friends talk to each other about the scriptures, they can hear the words immediately, but if there is something to say later, their ears are blocked and they dare not listen.
9. Based on Zhang Zuolin’s imperial examination experience in the article, summarize the relevant characteristics of the imperial examination at that time. (4 points) 3. Translation of the full text of "Fang Kemin's Family Biography" in classical Chinese
And lived in Jiangning.
Fang Kemin, taboo Guancheng, passed the examination of Shusheren tabushiji, walked hundreds of miles, named Jiagu. Fang Kemin was still young at that time.
The Fang family in Tongcheng has been world-famous for their profound knowledge since the Ming Dynasty, but they have also been burdened by literature. Fang Kemin's grandfather, Fang Kemin, was named Fang Kemin, the director of the Dushui Department of the Ministry of Industry, and was demoted to Heilongjiang because of this. Since the Ming Dynasty, he has been He was a famous literary teacher in the world. His ancestor was the chief of the Dushui Department of the Ministry of Industry, and he traveled frequently with his brother inside and outside the fortress. His name was Guancheng, his courtesy name was Jiagu, and he was a native of Tongcheng. The Fang family in Tongcheng traveled back and forth every year with his brother inside and outside the Great Wall. Fang Kemin's father, Zhongshushe, was famous as Shiji, but he was eventually affected by this. He often walked hundreds of miles, only to be banished to Heilongjiang. When the public was young, he was a native of Tongcheng, traveling north and south to support Shu Shui, but he settled in Jiangning to fulfill his filial piety and traveled north and south
Why should Anli care 4. Classical Chinese translation of Xu Jun's family biography
Original text:
Literary Xu Jun’s Family Biography
Qing Dynasty and Wei Dynasty
Xu Jun was a humble person, named Xuanchu, a student of Wuxian County, and he was talented and intelligent. , has a rough view of reading, admires the ancient chivalrous and martyrs, is fond of giving, and is solemn and committed. If there is contention within, a gate must be built to conquer the uprights, and you will stop it with just one word. Since the family has fallen, you have been humiliating yourself in order to fulfill Gan's decree. Wang Gong, your hometown, has been with Ersan for more than 20 years. All corvées are managed by oneself and not by brothers. Your uncle is a strong-willed person, and he is extremely careful in his affairs. When you study for a long time, you will not try your best to help because you are poor.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, taxes and servitude were heavy, and those who were the first to do so often broke up their families. The governor Zhang Gong reviewed the pros and cons of the monarch's regulations and said: "This is a true scholar." So Guangyi Tian was used to open up the district and set up servitude fields. I gave it to Zhu Jia, and I still enjoy the benefits. At the end of Chongzhen, the drought and locusts were still there, and the people died on the roads. The emperor reduced his labor force to feed the countryside, and also encouraged and helped the powerful families, and many people were alive. My wife and brother had an old and single man who raised him for twenty years and offered sacrifices to him without burial. My friend Huang and his son died unnaturally, leaving behind two widows and a daughter. You took good care of them and gave them the female name, Jun, son, so Huang The family never knew the pain of being alone and widowed throughout their life. Huang Zhiyuan was fond of doing great things, but suddenly suffered a great disaster, and the king rescued him and his family was ruined. His godson's first priority is to be friendly to the wise and virtuous. In the early days of the Ding Dynasty, many righteous people from the prefectures and counties opened up land in Mount Dengwei and in Taihu Lake. You worked tirelessly to find houses and halls, and you no longer cared about profit and loss. However, between Yi, You and Bingxu, groups of thieves were on the rise. You protect one side with your body, stand up whenever you hear of thieves, and guard the area with strong men. The thief was so angry that he killed the duke. The people in the village all cried and said, "When this man dies, we will have nothing left to serve."
Or they can be said to be the knights of ancient times. Wei Xi said: The knights and knights disrupted the country with good righteousness, and the king protected the people with good righteousness. This is different. When the world is prosperous, the superiors should be clean and disciplined to benefit the subordinates, and the subordinates should perform their duties to provide for the superiors. The superiors and the inferiors should live in peace, and thieves will not commit crimes. Its decline is also due to the fact that the big officials are greedy and use their military power to supervise their subordinates, while the small officials undermine the people and serve themselves, leaving the poor people with nothing to rely on. At that time, in the hometown of thousands of families and the gathering of hundreds of houses, if there was only a wealthy leader who loved justice more than wealth and gain, and who could take care of emergencies, the poor people would be hungry and cold, and have resources, and the soldiers and bandits would have something to rely on, and they would not be willing to lose their lives and flee. For thieves. Or he may be fearful of power and be virtuous, not daring to do wrong, and unable to bear to betray others. There are good righteous people in the hometown, which can make up for the rule of the court, save the prime minister from mistakes, and contribute to the livelihood of the people. If you are the king of Xu, how can your concubines be treated like this? Alas, right and wrong are the sole words of Xu's family.
Translation:
Literary Xu Jun’s Family Biography
Qing Dynasty and Wei Dynasty
Xu Jun’s name was Qianzun and his courtesy name was Xuanchu. He was a vassal of Wu County. Student (one of the names of imperial examination candidates in the Ming and Qing Dynasties), Xu Qianzun was talented, intelligent and quick-witted. He only had a general understanding of his studies. He admired people in ancient times who were upright, upright, and courageous in taking action. He was willing to help others and kept his promises. If the neighbors have a dispute, they will definitely come to verify the rights and wrongs. Xu Qianzun can convince them with just one word. His family was backward, but Xu Qianzun took care of his father diligently and attentively, so that his father could sing and roar in the mountains and fields with a few old friends and live a leisurely and free life for more than 20 years. Xu Qianzun did all the corvee work himself and never shared it with his brothers. Xu Qianzun's uncle had a strong and impatient personality, so he served his uncle more cautiously. Xu Qianzun did not stop his youngest brother from studying because of his poor family, but did his best to support him.
In the late Ming Dynasty, all kinds of taxation and corvee were very heavy, and those in charge of these things often exhausted their family property. Xu Qianzun stated the pros and cons in detail and submitted it to the governor Zhang Gong. Zhang Gong looked at the section and praised it and said: "This is He is a true scholar.
"Since then, the area has been subsidized by increasing the land holdings to support the tribesmen or the poor, and a private land system has been established to allocate land to each household. We are still enjoying the benefits of this approach to this day. In the last years of Chongzhen, droughts and locust plagues continued, and many people starved to death on the roads. Xu Qianzun used the grain stored in the warehouse to relieve the villagers every year, and persuaded people with financial resources to also provide funding. Many people relied on his wife to survive. One of his brothers had a relative who was old and had no descendants. Xu Qianzun supported him for twenty years. After the old man died, Xu Qianzun buried him and went to worship him every year. A good friend of Xu Qianzun's named Huang and his son died in prison, leaving behind two widows and a daughter. Xu Qianzun tried his best to save them and married his daughter to his nephew, so Huang's widow and orphan never felt the depression of being widowed and lonely throughout their lives. My friend Huang's in-laws liked to show off, but suddenly suffered a great disaster. He spent all his family property to rescue him. Xu Qianzun taught his children that the most important thing was to be close to wise people, love talented people, and be friendly to others. Xu Qianzun worked tirelessly to provide shelter and food, and no longer cared about personal interests or suspicion. During the Yiyou and Bingxu years, various thieves appeared one after another. Xu Qianzun risked his life to protect the people. Every time he heard about thieves. When he came, he stood up and gathered the brave people in the village to defend him. The thieves were very angry and finally killed Xu Qianzun. The people in the village lamented and cried: "This man is dead, and we people have no 5. Shen Huanzi Shuhui Classical Chinese. Read
Shen Huan (1139-1191), courtesy name Shuhui, was born at the foot of Shenjiashan, Chongqiu Township, Dinghai (now Xiaogang Town, Beilun District). He passed the imperial examination at the age of 24, and later entered the Imperial Academy, where he studied under Lu Jiuling, Lu Jiuyuan's brother, and studied the essentials of Xinxue. In the fifth year of Qiandao in the Southern Song Dynasty (1169), he became a Jinshi. He successively served as Shangyu Wei, Yangzhou Professor, Taixue Recorder, imperial examination examiner, promoted Youjun Professor, Wuyuan County Magistrate, and Shuzhou General Magistrate. He was able to care for the people and value education. He once gave lectures at Nanshan Academy in Dinghai (now Zhenhai). In his later years, he moved to Yuehu Zhuzhou in Yin County. His posthumous title was Duanxian. Inheriting Lu Jiuyuan's philosophy of mind, he co-founded the Siming School of the Southern Song Dynasty with Yang Jian, Yuan Xie and Shu Lin, and was called the Four Chunxi Masters. He is the author of "Dingchuan's Words and Actions", "Dingchuan's Posthumous Notes", etc.
Shen Huan, courtesy name Shuhui, was born in Dinghai. After entering Imperial College, he became friends with Lu Jiuling of Linchuan and started to learn from him. In the fifth year of Qiandao's reign, he was promoted to Jinshi and awarded the title of Yuyao Wei and Yangzhou Professor. He was called to be the Imperial Academy's Director, and he respected all the people who were doing what he did. He met the scholars at dusk and taught them diligently, and his colleagues were afraid of making innovations. He served as an examiner in the palace examination, and the names were called in the order of the day. The emperor showed great respect for his appearance and sent his servants to ask his name. Everyone was jealous of him. Or he persuaded his aunt to set up a job, but the way was not feasible. Huan said: "Is there a difference between the way and the job?" It is appropriate to try out strategies for personal use, quoting "Mencius": "It is a shame to establish the dynasty of people but the way is not feasible." He thought he was being insulted by his words, so he was asked to be dismissed. He was only eighty years old in office, so he was promoted to a professor in the Postal Service.
Later he became a director and ran the corporate affairs of Zhejiang East Appliance Company. In the mausoleum of Emperor Gaozong, there were hundreds of rooms to provide food and wine for the tents, and the supply was overwhelming. Huan urgently asked the envoy Zheng Ruxie to appease him, and said: "The state has a relative, but the ministers can enjoy themselves freely. How can it be safe?" Ruxie belongs to Huantiao. If you serve as an official and write a letter to the censor, please clearly state the original intention of the funeral memorial, so that your relatives and friends will be more grieved, and then you will be able to live in peace without bothering to impeach. Therefore, those who are treacherous and the recovery rate is low will be cured, and the expenses will be reduced immediately.
During the year of drought, the Changping envoys selected officials and subordinates to Zhense, and they were able to go to Yu and Yuyao counties, and they did not die again. He changed his knowledge of Wuyuan and heard about the recommended books from the three provinces, so he passed the judgment to Shuzhou. Even though I am sick at home, I still don't give up studying. I am still thinking about my mother and my old age, and I am worried about the withering away of good people. After his death, Prime Minister Zhou Bi heard about it and said: "Remembering the establishment of the dynasty cannot promote the virtuous and promote the good. I feel ashamed of Uncle Hui. It will benefit the three friends. Uncle Hui should not be ashamed."
Huan has a good character, and If he is not at ease, he will not be unscrupulous and forgive himself. He will often watch his wives during the day and divine his dreams at night. He was given the posthumous gift of Zhihuawen Pavilion and was given the posthumous title Duanxian.
Huan's friend Shulin has the character Yuanzhi and the character Yuanbin, and is a native of Fenghua. Join Taixue. Zhang Shiguan was in the capital, and Lin went to follow him and raised the alarm. He also traveled from Lu Jiuyuan and said: "I have spent the morning and evening here, working hard, correcting my mistakes and doing good, and I will make new achievements every day, so I can live here."
"Zhu Xi and Lu Zuqian were giving lectures in Wu, and Lin went to visit them on foot. He wrote to his family and said: "My bed and sparse mats are always a good place; being exposed to the wind and rain is a beautiful scenery. "
He served as a Jinshi for eight years in Qiandao. He was awarded the title of professor in the county twice, but he did not go. He then worked as an official in the transportation department of Jiangxi Province. Perhaps he had learned something from Lin, and discussed it carefully, and got along with Lin. There is no doubt that he knew it. He was a professor in Weizhou, and his study of "Poetry" and "Li" was not done for a long time, and his study was almost unpublished. Calling Lin the number one instructor today, Siye Wang Kui wanted to recommend Lin, or he said that Lin was enough to be promoted. Kui said, "I am the instructor, who will be promoted first from Shesi?" " He died and recommended him. He knew Pingyang County, and the county administration was quite strict. Ji Lin complained about the people's illness, and his words were strict and upright. He kept his position and changed his appearance. When his rank was full, he passed the judgment of Yizhou and died.
Lin He is willing to teach others, and he said: "The dignity of a teacher is not as good as that of Shu Hui. If you enlighten someone and make progress, then Lin will not dare to be inferior." "Yuan Xie said that Lin was honest and sincere, not deceitful, and had no pretentiousness. Yang Jian said that Lin was filial to friends and loyal, with a clear heart. Lou Yao said that Lin was like a Xiran Yangchun to others. Chunyouzhong was given the posthumous title Wenjing. 6 . Translation of Zou Bingtai's classical Chinese
Manuscript of Qing History·Volume 351·Biography 138·Original Biography of Zou Bingtai Zou Bingtai, courtesy name Zhongwen, was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu
Qianlong III. In the 17th year, he was a Jinshi, selected as a scholar, and taught editing and compilation of Sikuquanshu. He was moved to the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Due to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Piyong was not established, so Bingtai supported the ancient system.
In the 48th year of Emperor Gaozong's reign, the memorial ceremony was completed. After more than two years, the Linyong ceremony was held, which was called the grand ceremony.
Xunchao promoted Bingtai as a sacrificial wine. He moved to the cabinet and studied politics in Shandong and Jiangxi.
In the fourth year of Jiaqing, he was awarded the title of Minister of Rites, and he was transferred to the warehouse to eliminate the accumulated shortcomings. Yan Peitian was dismissed from his post.
In the sixth year of the inspection in Beijing, I specially discussed the debts due to the warships and promised to make up for them.
Bingtai considered the debts accumulated year after year and celebrated with his colleagues. If he doesn't agree, he will be punished for his paranoia and stay in office. If the warehouse servants come in and out to cause harm, he should be ordered to live in the official house outside the warehouse.
10. In the 12th year, he was promoted to the imperial censor of Zuodu, and was transferred to the Ministry of War and the Ministry of Industry. In the 11th year, he was also in charge of the affairs of the Shuntian Prefecture.
In the 12th year, he was transferred to the Ministry of Officials. In the fourth year, he was granted the title of Prince Shaobao.
Gao Tianfeng, the warehouse official, stole rice and was not aware of it. He was dismissed from the palace title and was demoted to the second rank. After a long time, he was reinstated. In the year of 1988, he was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. There was a mistake, and the same official Hutu Li favored the officials, but he insisted on protecting him and said: "I am already declining, why do I care about my position?" Don't let the court law destroy itself! "I have made clear my reasons, told my superiors, and stopped to pay tribute.
Now that there are two people who have been demoted and donated to reinstatement, they are correct and incorrect. At the beginning, Peng Ling, the assistant minister, disagreed with each other and ignored them. After hearing this, Bingtai was reprimanded for having no fixed opinions, and he was promoted to stay in office. He also robbed Yao Kun, the head of the Ministry of War, in Baxian Village in Changping. He ordered that the land be close to the capital and the officials were unable to control the robbers. He dismissed Bingtai and took charge of the affairs of the government. p>
When Lin Qing, a religious bandit, rebelled against the party, most of them lived in Gu'an and Huangcun. Bingtai was not aware of it when he was an official, so he returned with Zhongyin and Praise for Good.
He died in the twenty-fifth year. Since he first ascended to the throne, Bingtai has not been in the important positions, but has been promoted to the second rank. Zou Bingtai, courtesy name Zhongwen, passed the Jinshi examination in the 37th year of Qianlong's reign (1773) and was selected as a Shujishi. , (after disbanding) was awarded the post of editor, (commissioned) to compile the "Sikuquanshu", and was promoted to the director of the Imperial College.
The national school in the Qing Dynasty followed the old system of the Yuan and Ming dynasties and was not established. In the forty-eighth year of Qianlong's reign (1784), Zou Bingtai cited the ancient system to request the establishment of Taixue. The ceremony of setting up wine and food in Taixue to commemorate the ancestors and teachers was completed, and he issued an edict to build Taixue.
Two years later, a ceremony was held in which the emperor visited Taixue in person, which was called a grand ceremony at the time. Soon he made an exception and promoted Zou Bingtai to the Imperial Academy.
He was continuously promoted and became a cabinet bachelor, and served as academic administrator of Shandong and Jiangxi provinces. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1800), he was appointed Minister of Rites and transferred to manage the warehouse to eliminate long-standing shortcomings.
(Later) Yan Peitian of the Grain Department was impeached and resigned due to his incompetence. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (1802), the imperial court inspected the performance of officials in Beijing and gave him a special reward that was increased in rank and recorded in the records.
Warships that owe food on credit have been allowed to offset and make up the amount, and the same applies to those who arrive later. Zou Bingtai considered that it was not good to accumulate debts year after year, and he had disagreements with his colleague Daqing, so he wrote a memorial in detail. The emperor issued an edict to rebuke him for being one-sided and stubborn, and demoted him to stay in office.
He also submitted a petition (request) for the supervision (officials) to take turns to live in the warehouse. He said that the small officials who managed the warehouse and the warehouse servants went in and out of the warehouse, causing abuse, and they should be allowed to live in buildings outside the warehouse. The emperor obeyed. his opinion. In the 10th year of Jiaqing (1806), he was promoted to the imperial censor of Zuodu, the minister of the Ministry of War, and also in charge of the Ministry of Industry and the three treasuries of the Ministry of Hubu.
In the 11th year of Jiaqing (1807), he was also in charge of the Yin affairs of Shuntian Prefecture. In the twelfth year of Jiaqing (1808), he was transferred to the Ministry of Personnel.
In the 14th year of Jiaqing (1810), Prince Shaobao was given as a gift. The theft of rice grains by Gao Tianfeng, an official in charge of the warehouse, was exposed. Because he had been the chief of the warehouse for a long time but failed to notice the incident, he was deprived of his title in the East Palace, demoted to the second rank, and dismissed from his post. He was reinstated after a long time.
In the 16th year of Jiaqing (1812), he was appointed as the Minister of Household Affairs. Soon he was appointed as the co-organizer of the bachelor's degree as the official minister.
Zou Bingtai has served in the Ministry of Civil Affairs for a long time, and he is especially cautious in selecting and appointing officials. In the eighteenth year of Jiaqing (1814), because there was a mistake in selecting the head of the Ministry of War, his colleague Hutuli followed the opinions of the officials in charge and insisted on defending him.
Zou Bingtai strongly remonstrated: "I am already very old, how can I still be reluctant to give up my salary and official position? (Mainly because) I will not corrupt the laws of the court from me!" Shangshu reported the whole story, and the emperor believed that his words were right, and finally dismissed Hutuli from his official position. Soon, two demoted and dismissed officials were reinstated due to donations. After approval, they objected to the inappropriateness of their appointment. The minister, Chu Peng Ling, disagreed with him, so he reported to the emperor. The emperor rebuked Zou Bingtai for not having his own opinion, and demoted him to stay in office.
Another bandit kidnapped Yao Kun, the head of the Ministry of War, at Baxianzhuang, Changping County. The emperor issued an edict saying that because this place was close to the capital, the officials were mediocre and inferior and could not stop the bandits, so he dismissed Zou Bingtai, who was also in charge of the government affairs. job. When the rebellion of the religious bandit Lin Qing broke out, most of the rebels lived in Gu'an and Huangcun. It was investigated that Zou Bingtai was unable to notice the incident while he was in office, so he was demoted from the position of Zhongyun and Praise for Good.
I will retire soon and return to my hometown. He died in the twenty-fifth year of Jiaqing (1821).
Since Zou Bingtai passed the Jinshi examination, he did not become an important official in the imperial court, but drifted in and out of official positions. It was not until a long time ago that he became a high-ranking official second only to the prime minister. He has been in charge of the Ministry of Rites' recruitment of scholars many times and was praised for his ability to obtain magi.
He was not a casual official in the dynasty. Qing Renzong (Emperor Jiaqing) reused him, but he was eventually demoted. Notes 1. Shujishi: the name of Ming and Qing officials.
In the early Ming Dynasty, there were six subjects of common people. In the eighteenth year of Hongwu, Jinshi were sent to observe the administration of various departments and practice their work.
Those who were close to the Yamen such as Hanlin Academy and Chengchi Prison adopted the meaning of "Shu Changjishi" in "The Book of Books" and were all renamed as "Shujishi". After Yongle, the Hanlin Academy was dedicated to the Hanlin Academy, and those with excellent literature and good calligraphy were selected as Jinshi.
An examination will be held three years later, and those with excellent results will be awarded the positions of editor, reviewer, etc.; the rest will be given the title of Shizhong, censor, or state and county magistrates, which is called "dispersal". The Ming Dynasty attached great importance to the Imperial Academy, and after Tianshun, non-Hanlin officials were not allowed to join the imperial court. Therefore, when the common people first entered the imperial court, they were already serving as prime ministers.
The Qing Dynasty followed the Ming Dynasty system and was in the Hanlin Academy. 7. Please translate Zhang Yiyuan’s family biography in classical Chinese
Mr. Zhang Yiyuan, whose name is Ruoying and whose courtesy name is Yinsha.
He is an upright and decisive person. From his youth, people in the village think that he is unusual. At first, he worked as a copywriter in the library, and due to his merits, he was awarded the official position of chief registrar and was seconded to supplement the position of inspection officer in Jehol. Rehe is now the Chengde Prefecture. When Mr. Xi took office, no prefecture or county was established, but the area under the inspection and control was more than a hundred miles in radius. Every year (Chengde) is a place where the emperor visits, and people from all over the world gather here. With strict control, Mr. Cheng has eliminated all the treacherous and evil people. The palace eunuch who stayed as a monk (in the temple at the Summer Resort) was called Yu Wenhuan. One day, he was patrolling on the road and saw him acting domineeringly and wantonly. He immediately called him to him and punished him with a stick. So the chief eunuch of the Rehe Palace was extremely angry and wrote a memorial saying that he had used his rod to reprimand the emperor's internal officials without authorization, and the governor of Zhili also impeached him. The emperor understood the situation and liked his resoluteness. Instead of punishing him, he believed that the person who impeached him was wrong.
Mr. Zhang later served as the county magistrate of Liangxiang and the magistrate of Shuntianfu South Road. There was a bannerman named Zhang Dazu who took refuge with the chief minister Fu Zhongyong. At first, he had hundreds of hectares of land. (Zhang Dazu) sold the land to the people. After a long period of time, the price of the land increased a hundred times. Zhang Dazu used the previous The land was redeemed at a price, and there was a lawsuit (on both sides), which went through many officials, but no one dared to seek justice for the people. After Mr. Fu took office, Fu Zhongyong sent someone to greet him. Mr. Fu told the intercessors out of righteousness, but refused to agree (doing something that was contrary to the law), and finally awarded the land to the people. There are many Hui people in the south of the capital. They gather together for a long time to steal, making it difficult to thoroughly investigate and deal with them. The gentleman set up a lot of spies to find out their leaders, and some even went to arrest them personally. Within half a year, more than a hundred thieves were captured. The thief was very frightened, so he ordered a Hui man to pretend to report: "So-and-so has gone home, and he is a big thief." When the man was arrested, (that person) immediately surrendered: "The case of so-and-so is ***, there are people involved. The stolen goods are stored in the mosque in the capital." The gentleman sent troops to escort him to the mosque, but the man started fighting with the escort. When he was interrogated by the Ministry of Criminal Justice, the case was deemed to have nothing to do with this person, and he was considered innocent for falsely accusing him, so he was considered for dismissal and investigation. Soon the emperor saw my husband's name (on the punishment list) and suspected that the Ministry of Punishment had improperly reviewed the case. He summoned my husband and ordered the Military Aircraft Division to review the case. At that time, the emperor was quite partial to Mr. However, he was demoted in the end because the ministers refused to help him.
After serving in Gansu for two years, he helped Zhangye County recover the civilian water conservancy ditches that had been seized by the army. Because the Heihe River waterway in Zhangye County was diverted many times, hundreds of hectares of fields washed by the river turned into sand and gravel. land, but the annual grain and grass payment has not been reduced, (Mr.) tried his best to request the governor (appeal to the emperor) to exempt the payable grain and grass. At that time, Gansu officials followed the usual practice of pretending to request food relief funds for famine, but in fact they were embezzling the money. Everyone from the superior officials to the lower-level officers thought it was natural, but Mr. Xiang was not willing to do this. Later, everyone who did that was exposed, and the world respected Mr. even more.
On the pretext of illness, Mr. resigned and left Gansu, retreating to his hometown for many years. Mr. Zhang built a garden in the countryside and often played in the garden. He named the garden Yiyuan, which means that he could not do his best to work for the country and live in leisurely pleasures, so people called Mr. Zhang Yiyuan.