Era: Tang Dynasty
Author: Zhang Ji
Work: Autumn Thoughts
The autumn wind is seen in Luoyang City, and the author is full of ideas. .
I’m afraid that I can’t finish the story in a hurry, and the travelers are about to open the gate again.
Notes
It has many meanings: to describe the expression of longing. Pedestrians: here refers to the person who sends the letter
Open: open the sealed letter and read it again. : I’m afraid that this letter doesn’t contain enough content to explain everything. (I believe you can feel that the "meaning" in the previous sentence is of great significance to the "letter from home", and the poet sends his affection in the letter to the family. However, just like an important letter we have written ourselves, we always worry that we will not have it. State what you want to say clearly in a short letter, that is, "I'm afraid of explaining it in a hurry", so I will open it and have a look before sending it to make sure, even if it is just to give myself a reassurance. .
The sentence "Fear" expresses the friendship contained in the book of monks simply and vividly.
Translation
Luoyang. The bleak autumn wind is blowing in the city.
I can't help but feel a lot of emotions when I want to write a letter home.
I was afraid that I would not express my thoughts in a hurry, so I opened the envelope again before the sender left.
Appreciation
This poem writes about things that are common in everyone's mind, but not everyone can express them. When I am a guest in a foreign country, I miss my hometown when I see the autumn wind, and I ask someone to send me a message. Before leaving, I was worried that I might have missed something, so I quickly opened it and read it several times. Everything is mediocre at first, but once it is put into poetry, especially once it is put into poetry by a master like Zhang Ji, it reaches a wonderful state. This is not common in poetry circles.
Of course, there are also excellent works in Tang poetry with works based on family letters. Like Cen Shen's "Meeting an Envoy Entering the Capital": "We will meet immediately without paper or pen, and I will rely on you to convey peace and security." The writer, Rong Ma, met the envoy on the road and asked him to pass on an oral message to comfort his family. Du Fu's "Spring Hope": "The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold." The writer is trapped in Chang'an, occupied by Anlu Mountain. He doesn't know whether his family members are safe in the war, and he is eager to receive letters to comfort his distant feelings. They all used unique techniques to express their homesickness. What makes this poem unique is that it expresses depth rather than lightness, and contains twists and turns instead of gentleness. At first glance, it seems like only a few words, but if you chant it carefully, it has infinite meaning.
Wang Anshi's poem "Inscribed on Zhang Siye" said: "It seems ordinary and the most extraordinary, but it is easy but difficult to achieve." It can quite describe the artistic style of this poem and the hardships of creation. The poem is inspired by the autumn wind, which is a common technique since the Book of Songs. As the autumn wind blows, wild geese fly from the north to the south. Traveling in a foreign country makes it easy to miss. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Autumn Wind Yin" once said: "Wherever the autumn wind comes, the wild geese will rustle. When the morning comes to enter the courtyard tree, the solitary guest is the first to hear it." Let's take a look at the poet's history. It turns out that he was originally from Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) ), which reminds people of the story of Zhang Han from Jin Dynasty. According to the "Book of Jin·Zhang Han Biography": "When I saw the autumn wind blowing, I thought about Wuzhong wild rice, water shield soup, and seabass clams. I said: 'Life is so precious that you have the right ambition, how can you manage thousands of miles to become a noble?' So he ordered to drive. Return." Zhang Ji and Zhang Han were from the same generation, and both were traveling in the north. Zhang Han predicted that King Sima Ji of Qi was about to rebel, so he took the opportunity to retire. Zhang Ji may not have any political reasons, but they are very similar in that he misses his hometown when he sees the autumn wind. Although he could not "return home immediately" like Zhang Han, he could still express his homesickness on paper. Although this creative impulse of feeling things and relationships uses the traditional technique of "rising", it contains such rich connotations that it cannot but be a feature of this poem.
In the second sentence, "Writers who want to write have a lot of meaning in writing", the word "desire" in it closely follows "seeing the autumn wind". It turns out that the poet's mood is calm, like a clear water. The autumn wind suddenly picked up, causing ripples in his emotions. The writing is smooth and flowing, but at the end of the sentence, the three words "meaning is extremely important" suddenly have an inflection, just like the "no hanging nor shrinking" in calligraphy. Therefore, the poet's emotions here do not flow downstream, but dig deeper. This technique seems ordinary, but is actually extremely superb. Let’s play with the poetry: The poet felt homesick after seeing the autumn wind, so he wanted to write a book, but he had thousands of words and didn’t know where to start. "Thousands of meanings" means using the imaginary to bring out the real. Liu Yuxi's "Song of Looking at the Sword and the Ring" says: "Now the two are looking at each other, with thousands of hearts.
"Ten thousand hearts" and "ten thousand thoughts" both express the complexity of thoughts and feelings. Every reader with life experience can understand how many thoughts there are. Because it is "thousands of thoughts", this book How to write it? Has it been written? The author does not say it clearly and allows readers to imagine. This is called implicit and thought-provoking.
Three or four sentences, but also a turning point. I couldn't write anything, but from a literary point of view, I still wrote the letter home. The problem is that I wrote it in a hurry and the meaning was not finished. The word "hurriedly" is vivid and picturesque, which reflects both my own side and the sender's side. The messenger was met at the right time during the trip: maybe he was about to get on his horse or board the boat. Even if it was not as urgent as Cen's "meeting him immediately" when he came to Beijing, he was still in a hurry and could not stop for a long time because the messenger was like this. The writer had to write in a hurry, so it was difficult to express all his thoughts clearly. In this logical description, the poet's rush and haste are vivid. At present, the three words "infinite meaning" also closely echo the above "meaning is overwhelming", so it is "infinite meaning", and "meaning is overwhelming" is also related to "seeing the autumn wind". The nostalgia caused by it is related. Huang Shucan's "Notes on Tang Poetry" says: "The meaning of the first sentence of holding people down has been summarized, but it is not exhaustive in the official letter. "Passengers are about to leave and open their doors again", Miao Geng can describe it. If you think about how to start the second half of the poem, you will know that it is difficult to write the first sentence. "It shows that the beginning of the second half of the poem is closely linked with the beginning of the whole poem, and the beginning and the end correspond.
The conclusion is even more wonderful in terms of words and subtle feelings, which can be called a warning. Recently. Yu Biyun commented: "I have written a book, but I can't finish it. When I was about to leave for Kaifeng, I expressed my nostalgia for my hometown. ” He also said: “Poems like this are all based on sexual language. "(Continuation of "A Brief Introduction to Poetry") The so-called "Zhixingyu" means that it writes the most sincere and unique human emotions, and reaches the extreme. In terms of structure, the previous sentence says "It can't be said in a hurry." ”, and the next sentence says “it was just before it was published and it was opened again”, which fully exaggerated the “hurry” atmosphere.
Because this poem has achieved such outstanding artistic achievements, its predecessors have given it a very high evaluation. Lin Changyi’s " "She Ying Lou Poetry" said: "Wenchang (Zhang Jizi)'s "Autumn Wind Sees in Luoyang City" is one of the seven unique places in the desperate situation. It is rare for people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty to come here. It is not only Yuefu that can compete with the prosperous Tang Dynasty. "General commentators think that the poem reached the mid-Tang Dynasty and is not enough to compete with the prosperous Tang Dynasty. But looking at this poem, it intercepts a fragment of daily life, digs into the depth of the characters' emotions, and writes the most emotional words in plain language. The hair is thicker than the ancient simplicity. The poetic style is simple and the artistic conception is comprehensive. It is not an exaggeration to call it "the desperate situation of seven extremes"; it is not inferior to similar works by famous writers in the prosperous Tang Dynasty (such as Cen Shen mentioned above).