Huajian Ci was born in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Huajian Ci School, as one of the earliest Ci schools, occupies an important position in the history of Ci development and has great influence. In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the relatively stable social environment in the south provided favorable external conditions for the development of ci, and two major ci centers, Xishu and Nantang, appeared one after another. In the Five Dynasties, Zhao Chongzuo wrote Huajian Ci, which brought together Wen, Huang Fusong, Sun Guangxian, Wei Zhuang, Ning He, Xue, Niu Qiao, Zhang Bi, Mao Wenxi, Niu Xiji, Ouyang Jiong, Wei Chengban, Lu, Yan Xuan and Yin E, all of whom were literati concentrated in the west of Shu except Wen, Huang Fusong and Sun Guangxian. The word "Huajian" of Huajian School comes from Huajian poet Zhang Bi. "It's like watching flowers, both of them fly in pairs." In a word. Throughout the eighteen poets of Huajian School, we can find that their works are full of colorful words and love. First-person narrators mostly write about women's lives for so-called male poets.
2. Southern Tang Ci School
Poets in the Southern Tang Dynasty mainly guide two famous poets in the Tang Dynasty (Li Jing, the middle master, and Li Yu, the later master) and Feng Yansi. Feng Yansi is knowledgeable, talented and poetic. Although he is expensive and old, he has a soft spot for Yuefu Ci. The number of words ranks first among the five pronouns. He not only created the ci style in the Southern Tang Dynasty, but also influenced Yan Shu and Ouyang Xiu in the Song Dynasty. Li Jing, a master of the Southern Tang Dynasty, is good at reading and versatile. "Time is poetry, everyone is coquettish", which has a high literary and artistic accomplishment. His poems are sincere in feelings, fresh in style and simple in language, which has a certain influence in the southern Tang Dynasty. Although Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, knew nothing about politics, her artistic talent was extraordinary. He is good at calligraphy, painting, melody, poetry and writing, especially at words. Representative works include Yu Meiren, Langtaosha and Wu Ye Tune. Li Yu occupies an important position in the history of China's Ci, and is known as the "Emperor of Ci", which has a great influence on later generations.
3. The tern and Ci in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty refers to a period of time before Yan Shu entered the ci circle or began to write, about the late Zhenzong period and the early Renzong period (about AD 1040). Only dozens of poems written by more than a dozen writers have survived to this day. During this period, most of the works that have been handed down to this day are only one, three or five, and only occasionally. Judging from the historical materials and notes of Song people, this is the present situation of ci creation. This is a period of depression and neglect in the creation of Song Ci, or a prelude to the creation of Song Ci. Wang Yucheng, Kou Zhun, Pan Lang, Lin Bu, Song Qi, Fan Zhongyan and others are more distinctive writers at this stage.
Yan Shu (99 1- 1055), the founder of the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Linchuan, Jiangxi). Zhu Yu's Ci consists of three volumes with more than 130 words, almost all of which are short words.
4. Liu Yong and the development of slow words.
The poets who came into contact with the creation of "Slow Ci" earlier were Ouyang Xiu, Zhang Xian, Liu Yong and others. Liu Yong is the most influential poet in the development of slow ci. Moreover, Liu Yong also developed the vulgarization characteristics of Ci, making it conform to the aesthetic taste of the citizen class and creating the "vulgar Ci School". Liu Yong is a key figure in the development and transformation of Song Ci. It is precisely because of the appearance of Liu Yong that the creation of Song Ci has moved towards a broader road. His creation shows a bright future for the development of Song Ci. Liu Yong devoted himself to the creation of Ci all his life, and was an all-rounder in Ci creation. He has both creative talent and creative ability, and fully demonstrated his innovative spirit in both creation and creation.
5, graceful and restrained-Qin Guan, Li Qingzhao
Qin Guan, deeply influenced by Liu Yong's ci style, followed the creative road initiated by Liu Yong and made remarkable achievements in his slow ci creation. Although the number of slow words retained by Qin Guan is far from that of Liu Yong, it has reached a new height in euphemism, narration and circulation. He not only accepted the influence of Liu Yong's ci, but also comprehensively inherited the achievements of Tang and Wu pronouns, especially the influence of Li Yu, Yan, Ou, Song Qi and others. From the content point of view, Qin Guan's ci follows the tradition of graceful and restrained ci since Huajian, mainly describing love and acacia, sadness and hatred of parting, sadness and resentment of moving away, and full of personal feelings. What's more, feelings such as love in his works are often intertwined with personal unfortunate life experiences, eventually forming a deep and heavy sadness unique to Qin Guan. In this respect, he is very much like Li Yu, and it is no accident that he uses Li Yu's words more in his own words. He studied under Liu Yong and made further progress in the creation of slow ci. But instead of imitating Liu Yong, he inherited and abandoned him. He inherited Liu Yong's narrative technique, developed the expressive skills of scene blending in narrative, and paid special attention to weaving regrets about his abnormal life experience, deliberately avoiding some vulgarity and vulgarity in Liu Yong's ci. This makes Qin Guan's ci form an elegant, dignified and elegant style.
6, bold and unconstrained-Su Shi, Xin Qiji
Su Shi was the pioneer of Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty. He broke many conventions and showed a free personality in his ci, which was summarized by contemporary people as the transformation of "taking poetry as ci" Su Shi did not conform to the aesthetic taste of poets and critics at that time in this respect. However, it is this breakthrough in tradition that embodies Su Shi's outstanding contribution to the ci circle in the Northern Song Dynasty. After Liu Yong, Su Shi had the greatest influence on the creation of Ci, and his creation paved the way for the emergence of the uninhibited Ci school known for its masculine beauty and laid the foundation. Su Shi is such a writer with great personality, talent and innovative spirit. In the field of ci creation, of course, he is unwilling to simply follow and imitate his predecessors, wronged himself to adapt to the traditional creative framework such as "eroticism" and "ambiguity", and lived under famous ci writers such as Liu Yong. He brought the spirit of the poetry innovation movement into the field of ci creation, took the content and theme of poetry as the theme, poeticized the style and artistic conception of poetry, and pursued unique artistic expression, thus becoming the most revolutionary poet in the Northern Song Dynasty.
1, representative works of Huajian School
Wen tingjun
< Looking at the South of the Yangtze River >: Wash and dress, lean on Wangjianglou alone, and cross Qian Fan. Twilight, my heart is broken.
"More Leak": Jade furnace incense, red wax tears, partial according to the painting hall Qiu Si. The eyebrows are thin, the eyes are thin, the clouds are residual, and the night is long and the pillow is cold. Wu Tongshu, it rains in the middle of the night, and it is bitter not to leave love. A leaf, a sound, empty footsteps fall into the light.
Wei Zhuang
"Four Hometowns": Spring outing, apricot flowers blowing all over my head, I don't know who is young and romantic, and I plan to get married and rest for life. Don't be ashamed of being mercilessly abandoned.
2. Southern Tang Ci School
Feng Yansi
Author: Feng Yansi
Qiaojinmen
When the wind blows, it brings a pool of spring water. Nothing was done. The believers in the pool folded the apricot flowers and crushed them gently on the path among the flowers.
Leaning on the railing by the pool, watching the fighting ducks, the Hosta on his head hangs obliquely. He missed his sweetheart all day, but he never came back, and suddenly he heard a magpie calling.
Yu Li
Common poppy/corn poppy/poppy
When is the spring flower and autumn moon? How much do you know about the past? The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the bright moon. Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them. Ask how much sorrow you can have, just like a river flowing eastward.
3. Xiao Ling
Yan Shu
Huanxisha
A new song and a glass of wine. Last year, the weather got old. When does the sun set? There is nothing to do, flowers bloom and fall, and it seems familiar that Yan returns. Wandering alone in the small garden, fragrant path.
Yan Dao Ji
Bodhisattva is beautiful
Mourning Zheng Yi as a Xiangjiang song, writing green. The fingers are thirteen strings, and the details will be sent to you. When the autumn water slows down, the jade column flies. Hit the heartbroken, Chunshan eyebrows low.
4. Liu Yong's slow words
A bell ringing in the rain
Cold and sad. The pavilion was late and the shower began to rest. All the accounts are not in the mood. I miss places and Lanzhou to urge me to send them.
Holding hands and looking at each other, tears swirled in my eyes until there were no words at last, and a thousand words stuck in my throat and I couldn't say it. Thinking about thinking, thousands of miles of smoke, dusk, chutiankuo.
Love hurts and leaves since ancient times. What's more, it is a cold autumn festival. Where did you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan and Xiaofeng are dying.
This is a long time, people who love each other are not together, and I even expect to be satisfied with the good weather and scenery in name only. Customs are strange, who to talk to.
Klang Ganzhou
Facing the rain from the sky, a piece of washed autumn scenery on the river is particularly cold. The bleak frost wind is tight, the river surface of the mountains and rivers is deserted, and the setting sun shines on the tall buildings. Red flowers wither everywhere, and all the beautiful scenery gradually disappears. Only the gushing water of the Yangtze river flows eastward without sound. Without the heart to climb the distance and overlook the distant home, it is difficult to gather the desire to go home. Sighing where these years have gone, why do you have to stay in a strange land for a long time? How many times have you missed beauty makeup, and God knows when you come home? Fighting for me, leaning against the railing, I'm worried.
5. Elegant school
Que Qiao xian Qin Guan
The thin clouds in the sky are changing, the meteors in the sky convey the sadness of acacia, and the endless galaxy I quietly crossed tonight. On the seventh day of autumn dew and autumn, it is time to meet, mostly those who are together in the world, but the appearance of husband and wife. Tender as water, like a dream, you can go home from the bridge! As long as two people love us to the end, why covet my Heron?
Like a dream, Li Qingzhao
I often remember the pavilion by the stream next to the pavilion until the sunset, intoxicated by the beautiful scenery and lingering.
Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng.
How to row a boat out, accidentally, but scared a group of Oulu.
well
Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind blew, so I slept soundly and didn't consume wine.
Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there.
Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin.
6. bold school
Su Shi Nian Nujiao Chibi Nostalgia
The river of no return is a romantic figure through the ages. On the west side of the old base, humanity is the Red Cliff of Zhou Lang in the Three Kingdoms, with rocks everywhere, crashing on the shore and rolling up thousands of accumulated snow. The mountains and rivers are picturesque, and there are many heroes at one time. Think back to Gong Jin. When Joe got married for the first time, he was a great man. A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Life is like a dream, and a bottle returns to the moon.
Xin Qiji's Broken Array
Broken child gave Chen Tongfu an argument and gave him a drunken look at the sword, dreaming of blowing horns and camping. Give the roast beef to the men and the band will play northern songs. This is a military parade on the battlefield in autumn. Horses run like Ma Delu, bows and arrows fly like thunder. Despite the king's world affairs, he won a name before he died. Poor hair has become a white-haired man!
Xin Qiji's "Yearning for Happiness in Jingkou Gubei Pavilion"
Throughout the ages, heroes are nowhere to be found, and Sun Zhongmou is everywhere. Dancing pavilions and singing platforms always blow away. The setting sun shines on the grassland covered with grass and trees. People say that this was once the place where Emperor Wu of Song lived. Think that year, Jin Ge iron horse, swallowing Wan Li like a tiger. However, Li Liu Yi Long, the son of Liu Wang Yilong, was a great success and made a swift northern expedition. Instead, he made the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tuoba fly south and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River, which was severely hit by his opponent. In forty-three years, I still remember that in Hope, I had a bonfire on Yangzhou Road. Looking back, there was a crow club drum under the beaver temple. Who asked, Lian Po is too old to eat?