Prose is the most suitable literary form to express the subjective feelings and mind of sitting, and its basic feature is that the form is scattered but the spirit is not scattered. Form and dispersion refers to the extensive freedom of painting materials; God's persistence is intentional, that is, extensive painting, focusing only on one theme.
Second, the classification of prose.
1, narrative prose: mainly writing character notes. This kind of prose gives a concrete and outstanding description and portrayal of people and things, expresses the author's understanding and feelings at the same time, and also has a strong lyric component. It focuses on reflecting the essence of things by describing the development and changes of people and time. For example, in 2007, the volume Ye Shengtao in Sichuan in Hainan and Ningxia was about Ye Shengtao, and the volume Farewell to the Three Gorges in Chongqing was about relocation and damming, all of which contained deep feelings.
2. Landscape Prose: This kind of prose expresses the author's love for this scenery by describing the external natural scenery, or taking time as a clue or space as a clue. Just grasp the characteristics of the scenery when reading. For example, Hainan Miscellaneous Notes, a national volume in 2007, has both time clues and space clues, telling about the great changes in Hainan Island in ancient and modern times. Another example is the reading of Shanghai Volume II, which is about the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou.
3. Prose about things: This kind of prose often uses symbols and analogies to put the author's thoughts in the external image, which is the reason to participate in life from the external image. It is universal and eternal, such as the fire in Liaoning, in which fire symbolizes a kind of warmth and vitality, hope and courage.
Third, the basic steps of appreciation
1, read the meaning of the text (skim)
When reading for the first time, try to find out the meaning, title, author, notes at the end of the article, writing time, beginning and end, etc. Fast and effective. From these comprehensive information, you can get a general idea of the content of this article.
2. Reading structure (skimming)
The second time, we should purposefully find out the central sentence and summary sentence of each paragraph, which are usually located at the beginning or end of each paragraph (of course, some of them should also be summarized by themselves), and also find out the turning sentences and clue sentences in the text. Generally speaking, the repeated sentences in the text are.
3. Read sentences (intensive reading)
The ancients said: A book can be read a hundred times, and then its meaning will be known. In other words, as long as you read well and don't need to be interpreted, you will naturally understand its meaning. Of course, when reading, you must walk into the work. Creation is the author's narration of emotion, while appreciation is just the opposite. When reading prose, readers have to wear articles to get emotional; When climbing the mountain, they are full of emotions; When watching the sea, they are beyond words, galloping imagination, expanding association, and producing emotional voice with the author.
When reading for the third time, read carefully word by word according to the requirements of the topic, and read out the contents and emotions contained in the words.
Fourth, the thinking of the problem.
Appreciation 1, sentence
Generally speaking, there are only three kinds of questions:
Sentences that contribute to the structure of the article.
2 sentences that can reveal the center of the article.
③ Sentences with certain rhetorical devices.
The first type: into the Jiangsu volume "Wheat Field" No.1 16: "Although men no longer play with sickles ... tiring days." Judging from the structure of the full text, what are the functions of these narratives? First of all, analyze the literal meaning of this sentence: emphasize the man's fatigue in the wheat field, then look at the following and write that the woman loves the man dearly. There is a saying "the day of suffering has arrived" above, which echoes the above and paves the way for the following.
There is also the title 14 of Fujian Volume "Fallen Leaves Are Tired Butterflies", which points out the meaning, structure and function of "fallen leaves" in connection with the full text. In this paper, fallen leaves refer to the "I" who is wandering outside and misses my relatives in my hometown; The second kind refers to the mother who has worked hard all her life and has never been in contact with each other. It can be seen that fallen leaves are the clue of this paper, which plays the role of organizing materials and running through the whole paper.
The second type: for example, Sichuan Volume Variation of Fireworks 17: The article uses "What flower can be more beautiful than such fireworks?" Please make a brief analysis of the full text. At the end of the article, this sentence should have the function of closing the full text and revealing the center. So it can be seen that this rhetorical question strongly expresses the author's desire to oppose war and love peace.
The third kind: rhetorical questions are used in the first kind, and rhetorical questions strengthen feelings. Another example is the title of Jiangsu's volume "Wheat Field" 15: "The bright red harvester roared all the way. Where they passed, they left golden wheat flowers, which smelled of moist wheat straw. " This sentence describes the scene of wheat harvest in Guanzhong, please analyze its performance characteristics. The answers are as follows: (1) Select representative things such as wheat and sky to describe from the perspectives of vision, hearing and smell; Using comparable rhetorical devices, language expression is full of charm. This question should consider various expressions, including rhetoric.
When answering the rhetorical devices used in sentences, we should generally follow the following steps: first, make clear what methods are used, then say what effects are achieved, and finally talk about the expressed content in combination with specific sentences. The formula is: method+effect+content. For example, the answer in the title Variations on Fireworks (that is, the above title): This rhetorical question strongly expresses the author's desire to oppose war and love peace. In Liang Yuchun's Tears and Laughter (adjusted by our school), there is a title: "It is a harsh slogan under the fortress in our hearts". Let's talk about our understanding of this sentence. When answering questions, we should first clearly use metaphors and compare what is what. Here, we must understand the original meaning of "falling" and its metaphorical meaning in the text, and then get the answer by connecting with the full text: "This paper vividly writes out people's inner feelings by means of metaphor: various factors in real life make us helpless and have to admit our failure painfully."
From the answers to the above questions, we can easily find that when understanding sentences, we sometimes have to find out the meaning of key words in sentences. Grasp the dictionary meaning of these keywords first, and then link the whole sentence with the thoughts and feelings of the whole article. For example, the title of Shandong volume "The Warmth of Lights" is 2 1. The author finally said: "I am not afraid of the cold, but I am afraid that there is no light in this wilderness to call me back." How to understand the profound meaning of this sentence in the text? When solving this problem, we should first grasp the dictionary meaning of "cold" and "wilderness", and then understand their contextual meaning. Finally, we can know from the context that "cold" refers to the hardship of the external environment (life) and "wild" refers to the darkness of the state of mind, so it is not difficult to understand the author's point of view: the hardship of the external environment (life) is not terrible, but what is terrible is that we can't feel the true feelings and warmth.
2. Appreciation of the plot
This kind of topic is the function of a detail in the lecture. It generally has to answer two aspects-emotion and structure.
Liaoning volume "Fire" has this topic: In the first natural section, the author wrote the scenery of "Autumn goes to the winter solstice". Since this passage is used at the beginning of the paragraph, it is necessary to point out that it is a foreshadowing (leading to the following). The second step is to make a concrete analysis according to the central content of the full text: the article mainly describes fire, but it is far from "autumn leaves and winter comes", so it is necessary to consider "fire" in the third step and summarize the conclusion: from the cooling of the natural environment to the author's sentimental state of mind, leaving room for the deep meaning of "fire" below.
Variations on Fireworks Sichuan Volume 14 Question: Why did the author write fireworks symbolizing celebration with calm lake water? The answer is this: it reflects the excitement of the fireworks released later; The calm of the lake and the excitement of fireworks combine to express the affirmation of world peace, tranquility and a better life.
V. Open questions
1, analysis and evaluation questions
This kind of test requires candidates to analyze and evaluate the writing and content of the article, which belongs to the category of creative thinking. They should be familiar with the text as well as the text, and rely on the text to find relevant memories. For example, in the third paragraph of the article "Chongqing Farewell to the Three Gorges", the Three Gorges immigrants cried when they said goodbye and kowtowed before leaving. In the fourth paragraph, they wrote, "The traditional concept that China people stick to their homes and die their whole lives has changed." To answer this question, we should all think of Wang Zengqi's feelings about calligraphy in Hutong culture. Another example is the Beijing volume "Wet Missing", which reads: Shen Congwen lived on a long river all his life. To appreciate this article, we should think of the Border Town written by Shen Congwen and Shen Congwen. Then this problem is not difficult to understand.
In 2007, there was a new topic in Hunan Volume called "Remembering Liu Bannong Jun". Choose one of the following angles and write an appreciation article of about 300 words: ① analyze the performance art of the characters in this article; ② Analysis of the main rhetorical devices in this paper; ③ Analyze the structural characteristics of this paper. In 2006, the dim volume "On the Mountain Shade Road" also had such a small paper. These topics are to examine the ability to appreciate the expression skills of literary works, which requires candidates to be familiar with the relevant knowledge of expression skills learned in high school texts first, and make an appropriate and in-depth analysis in combination with the actual content of this paper. When appreciating, you should deduct the main points expressed in the article during the exam, which can not only be a comprehensive and general appreciation, but also a more in-depth and specific appreciation of a prominent feature. As long as it is meaningful and can be combined with discussion, it meets the requirements.
2. Understanding class
This test requires candidates to truly express their views on a topic or a life phenomenon related to the text. For example, at the end of the article, the author said: "Although her dream of winning the world 100-meter champion has not come true, in the hearts of the world, Oti is not a hero!" Please talk about your understanding in combination with the Olympic spirit. In 2008, there was such a problem in the exchange paper of senior three in Chengdu, a hint of life. The author said in the article: "In what form should the value of life be transformed? For this eternal mystery, one person has a thousand answers. " What's your answer to this? When answering such questions, we usually use the first person. You can sum up your views or experiences in one sentence first, and then talk about the reasons. You should put facts and reason. If the topic has relevant requirements, we should also pay attention to combining our own personal experience. You should make your point clear, give appropriate examples and make your statement clear and meaningful.
Sixth, the principle of answering questions
1, faithful to the topic
The stem of the question contains the requirements of the question and some information about the answer, and implies the mode, angle and way of expression. Checking is the premise of doing a good job in reading questions.
2. Be faithful to the original
The answers to modern reading questions are in the original text. Even if some questions can't find the answers to the original words and sentences, they should be hurt and get their essence, so we can't think freely out of nothing.
In addition, it should be noted that you can't find descriptive or metaphorical or anthropomorphic sentences when you answer. Because the meaning of this language is indirect or even vague, it is impossible to answer the question directly and accurately. When summarizing the main points, try to answer them in points (of course, the more the better). Generally, 4 points should be at least 2 points, 6 points should be at least 3 points, and you must state it in different points, 1 point, 2 points, 3 points ... Before you start writing, you must organize the language and see clearly the requirements of words. And then copy them on draft paper after consideration.
Prose is the exposure of human true self and the spiritual home of human life. To interpret prose is to interpret and taste people themselves. The creator carefully constructs the text to present himself, while the reader tries to interpret and recreate the text to find himself. Therefore, creation has the law of creation, and interpretation also has the law of interpretation. Mastering these laws is of great benefit to solving problems. Of course, "I think what I get from paper is shallow, but I know nothing about it." If I want to make greater progress, I must persist in doing problems and realize the truth in answering questions.