perspective 1: word teaching should link children's real life.
Case: Gorky and His Son (the first volume of the fifth grade of Chinese in Jiangsu Education Edition).
teacher: the pronunciation of new words has passed the test. I wonder how much the students know about the meanings of the two new words "fragrance" and "appreciation" in the text. Can we communicate with each other?
health 1: I understand the meaning of "fragrance", which means a strong fragrance.
health 2: I looked it up in the dictionary when I was previewing. The dictionary means "more flowers and fragrance".
health 3: I contacted the fourth paragraph of the text, and understood that the "fragrance" in the text refers to the bursts of floral fragrance emitted by Gorky's son after the flowers planted on the island are in full bloom. I think these flowers must smell good.
teacher: when you read "fragrance", did you smell the flower smell of "fragrance"?
(The student shakes his head. )
teacher: really not? Then I ask you to think about it: where have we ever felt the smell of "fragrance"?
Health: I remember that around the Mid-Autumn Festival, the osmanthus flowers in our campus were in full bloom, and the whole campus was filled with a strong fragrance of osmanthus flowers. Now I know this is called "fragrance".
health: I also think of my jasmine flower. When it blooms in spring, you can smell its fragrance far away.
teacher: now, let's read "fragrance" again and see if there are any different feelings.
(The students read "fragrance" all at once, and all seem to be immersed in the fragrance of flowers. )
teacher: how do you understand the word "appreciation"?
health: "appreciate" means to watch and have a look.
teacher: do you look at it in general?
health 1: not generally, but very carefully.
Health 2: "Appreciate" is not to look at it generally or carefully, but to appreciate the beautiful things with love.
Teacher: "Appreciate" means to appreciate beautiful things with love. This is the explanation in the dictionary. Now, let's "appreciate" a calligraphy work by chenchen, a classmate in our class-"Make friends with the world and read ancient and modern books" with love.
(A word on the wall with the teacher's finger. )
teacher: who will tell me how you feel after "appreciating" this word?
health 1: I think chenchen's handwriting is very beautiful, and I feel very comfortable after reading it.
S2: I think chenchen's handwriting is very strong, and I seem to be refreshed after reading it.
teacher: when we all appreciate beautiful things, such as a word, a painting and a piece of music, we will have different beautiful feelings, which is called "appreciation"! Now, let's open the book and walk into the text together to enjoy this beautiful text!
Interpretation: Chinese teaching in primary schools should be closely linked with students' lives, so that children can carry out meaningful Chinese learning activities in their own lives. Therefore, in addition to the classroom and textbooks, word teaching also has the living environment where students live, that is, the colorful life of students. In this case, when teachers guide students to understand the two new words "fragrance" and "appreciation", they let students contact their own life experience and walk into the artistic conception of the words, as if they smelled the smell of "fragrance" and experienced the emotion of "appreciation" in depth. In this class, every word presents its own vivid life, telling its own story, becoming within reach and shining. Teachers lead children to learn words with their own life experiences, which not only provides a brand-new platform for word interpretation, but also is student-oriented word teaching.
perspective 2: word teaching should encourage children to talk to the text.
Case: "It's nice here" (the second volume of Chinese Grade One of Soviet Education Edition) tells the story of a lonely bear living on a desert island. Later, he turned the desert island into a green island by planting trees, attracting many small animals to make friends with him. At the end of the text, there is such a sentence: "Little Bear is so happy that he keeps saying,' Welcome! Welcome you!' The "pole" in this sentence is a new word. How to help students understand it better? Please look at the following two teachers' different handling methods.
how to deal with the first teacher.
teacher: children, how does bear feel when he sees so many friends coming to the island? Who will read this sentence?
(students read. )
teacher: what do you mean by "extremely happy"? Somebody change the word.
health 1: "extremely happy" means "very happy".
Health 2: It means "very happy".
teacher: is there any other statement?
(No one can answer. )
teacher: you can also say "very happy" and "very happy".
(No student answered, but the teacher gave other answers himself)
Teacher: Who will read "I'm so happy" of Little Bear?
(Students read sentences, but they are all dry. )
the second teacher's handling method.
teacher: children, how does bear feel when he sees so many friends coming to the island? Who will read this sentence?
(students read)
Teacher: Which word makes you feel the mood of Little Bear at this moment?
Student: The word "extremely happy" expresses the bear's mood at that time.
(The teacher shows the word card: "I'm very happy" and names many people to read it. )
teacher: what does the bear look like when he is very happy? Can you look at the picture and talk about it
health 1: he laughed so hard that his mouth closed.
Health 2: His eyes narrowed with laughter.
Teacher: You have all observed the expression on Bear's face. Look at his movements again, and you will find something new.
health 1: I saw the little bear's hands dancing.
health 2: he jumped for joy.
teacher: yes, he is dancing with joy, which is called-(students continue to read) extremely happy.
teacher: (interviewing students) bear, bear, how are you feeling now? Why?
health 1: now I have friends, so I am very happy.
Health 2: Now, the island is beautiful and I live happily.
S3: I can play with my friends every day, and I am very happy.
teacher: bear, do you want to share this happiness with all of us? Which bear will read this sentence?
(Students read sentences. Full of feelings, as if thinking of yourself as this happy bear. )
Interpretation: Rousseau once said that among all human senses, rationality is the last one to develop. In childhood, the senses are the most acute, so we should give full play to the functions of children's bodies with the help of eyes, ears, mouth and mind. The second teacher in this case, from the perspective of children, encourages students to talk to the bear in the text and captures the bear's happy expression, happy action and excited mood. Through their own observation, the students sincerely expressed their description of the bear's "great joy". Then guide the students to have a dialogue with the role, and let the students put themselves in the position of sharing the joys and sorrows with the bear, experience it in empathy, change the bystander into the party, and change the feeling of others into self-flowing emotion. This kind of vocabulary teaching conforms to the internal rhythm of children's learning and deepens children's understanding of vocabulary. The first teacher is obviously guiding students to learn words from an adult's perspective. The teacher tries to guide students to understand "extremely happy" by "finding synonyms". As everyone knows, for the first-grade children, it is only "explaining the words they don't understand with words they don't understand", and the goal is poor.
perspective 3: word teaching should pay attention to children's spiritual growth.
Case: A teacher teaches the word "urging" in the lesson "The Best Path" (the fourth grade of Chinese in primary schools published by Jiangsu Education Press), and the teaching is organized in this way.
teacher: students, look at the radicals. What is the word "urge" related to?
student: teacher, these two words are related to people.
teacher: how come these two words are beside the herringbone, who will tell me his understanding?
health 1: "urging" involves at least two people.
health 2: "urging" means that one person tells another person to act quickly.
teacher: well said! Can you tell me who urged you at ordinary times and why he urged you?
health 1: in the morning, my mother urged me to get up quickly.
Health 2: Dad urged me to go to school by bus.
Health 3: My mother urged me to finish my homework quickly. We will go to the movies later.
Teacher: Time is precious. Adults want us to take the time to do what we should do. In fact, we can also urge ourselves and learn to be masters of life. Look at who is urging who in the article.
Look at a teacher's handling of the sentence "The rising sun crept in from the window and covered them gently and softly" in the lesson "Love is like jasmine".
The teacher shows a picture in which the mother is peacefully asleep with a sweet smile on her lips. My father leaned over the bed and held my mother's hand tightly with one hand. A ray of sunshine came in from the window, and the picture was so quiet and beautiful!
teacher: what words do you think of after seeing this picture?
health 1: I thought of a warm atmosphere.
Health 2: I think of a better life.
S3: I think the picture is so touching.
health 4: I think of a quiet environment.
teacher: (show the sentence in the article: the rising sun sneaked in from the window and covered them gently and softly. Read this sentence gently. Do you think the word "detective" here can be replaced by "shooting" or "photographing"?
health 1: I think it's better to use "probing" because it makes the sunshine come alive.
health 2: I would like to add that the word "explore" here not only reflects the softness of the morning sun, but also reflects that the ward is very quiet at the moment. This scene is very touching. Even the sun doesn't want to disturb mom and dad, so it sneaked in quietly, especially the author's mood.
Health 3: I also think the theme of the picture is love. This simple and beautiful love of mom and dad is like jasmine, emitting a faint fragrance. Under the influence of this fragrance, the sunshine has also become gentle, so I sneaked in from the window and shone softly ...
Teacher: The students said it well, and the teacher seemed to smell the fragrance of jasmine! Who can read the emotion expressed in this sentence? The teacher guides the students to read the ninth paragraph with emotion and realize the beauty of love. )
Interpretation: Key words in primary school Chinese textbooks have rich humanistic connotations. Wang Songzhou, a famous special-grade teacher, believes that to learn Chinese, we must seek the coordinated development of language and spirit. Chinese should not only enrich and optimize students' language system, so as to make them have language ability suitable for their age, but also improve and enrich students' spiritual realm, so as to make their interests and feelings more and more wonderful. In the first case, the teacher not only well guided the students to understand the meaning of words, but also timely educated the students and paid attention to their spiritual growth. In the second case, the teacher's word teaching has penetrated into the students' spiritual field, and after several rounds, it has effectively aroused the students' affection and praise for love. The word "exploration" has come alive in the minds of students, and the spirit and language are in harmony. In short, teachers encourage children to observe in their own way, experience with their own hearts, and interpret words from children's perspective, which is essentially a respect for children as independent individuals and also a respect for children's learning style. In this way, children can accumulate a sincere emotion, gain a heavy thought and turn it into a heartfelt action in poetic word learning, which may be the "return to nature" of word teaching.
Chinese teaching in primary schools originates from word teaching, and it firmly supports the teaching of sentences, paragraphs and articles. Word teaching is one of the important contents of our research on Chinese teaching. We advocate reading words from children's perspective, not only emphasizing that word teaching should be combined with children's nature; More importantly, I want to make understanding words a part of students' life, an experience, a scene of dialogue, and a touch ... and a "nectar of wisdom" integrated into reading teaching, so as to nourish students' reading process and improve their Chinese literacy.
Author
Jiangsu Liyang Foreign Language School
Editor: Xu Qiao.