Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is far above the white clouds.
Wan Ren is an isolated city.
Why should a strong brother complain about willow?
The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.
According to the Tang Dynasty Xue Yongwei's Ji Yi Ji, Kaiyuan, Wang Zhihuan, Gao? Wang Changling went to the hotel for a drink, and when the actors in the pear garden sang and feasted, the three of them privately agreed to decide the title of the poem according to the situation of the actors singing their poems. As a result, the poems of all three people were finished, and the most beautiful woman in Zhu Lingzhong sang "The Yellow River is far away, and white things may not be true", but it shows that Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci has become a famous piece widely sung at that time.
The first sentence of the poem captures the special feeling of looking at the Yellow River from the bottom (swimming) to the top (swimming) from near and far, and depicts the moving picture of "the Yellow River is far above the white clouds": the surging Yellow River flies to the clouds like a ribbon. Writing is really a leap of thought, and the weather is open. Another famous poem of the poet, "And the Ocean Drains Gold River", is viewed from the opposite angle, from top to bottom; Li Bai's "How the Yellow River Water Moves Out of the Sky" is different from this sentence. Although it is also about looking at the upper reaches, the line of sight is from far to near. "All rivers run into the sea" and "How the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky" are deliberately exaggerating the style of the Yellow River, showing dynamic beauty. "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds", the direction of which is opposite to that of the river, which is intended to highlight its long-standing leisure state and show a static beauty. At the same time, it shows a vast and magnificent scenery, which is worthy of being a strange sentence throughout the ages. The second sentence "Isolated City, Wan Ren Mountain" appears as an isolated city on the frontier, which is one of the main images of this poem and belongs to the main part of the "picture scroll". "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" is a great background, and "Wan Ren Mountain" is its close background. Against the background of the mountains in Yuanchuan, it is helpful to see that the city is in a dangerous terrain and lonely situation. "Pian" is an idiom in Tang poetry, which is often associated with "loneliness" (such as "a lonely sail" and "a lonely cloud"). ). Here, it is equivalent to "a seat", but this word has an extra layer of "thin" meaning. A lonely city like Mobei is certainly not a residential area, but a fortress guarding the border, which also implies that readers have husbands in their poems. As a vocabulary of classical poetry, "Lonely City" has a specific meaning. It is often associated with the sadness of leaving people, such as "The sunset in Kuifu ancient city is oblique, and every Beidou Wangjing is in China" (Du Fu's Autumn Prosperity), "Knowing the Han people far away makes Xiao Guan go out and worry about seeing the sunset in the old city" (Wang Wei's Send Wei to Comment on Things) and so on. Firstly, the image of "lonely city" in the second sentence is introduced to prepare for further describing the psychology of husband recruitment in the next two sentences.
The poem begins with the vastness and desolation of mountains and rivers, and the loneliness and danger of the bearer. The sudden introduction of the tune of "willow" in the third sentence can't help but arouse the sadness of recruiters. This sentence system
To paraphrase Yuefu's "Crossing the Wind and Folding the Willow", "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will fold Yang Liuzhi. Playing the flute on the bench and worrying about killing travelers is very poetic. The custom of "breaking willows to bid farewell" was the most popular in the Tang Dynasty. "Willow" has a more direct relationship with parting. Therefore, people will feel sad not only when they see the willows, but also when they hear the flute sound of "folding willows". The sentence "strong enemy" is not about "smelling willow", but about "resenting willow", which is particularly wonderful. This avoids directly using the title of the song, and turns the board into life, which can trigger more associations and deepen poetry. Outside Yumenguan, the spring breeze is not strong, the willow is not green, and people can't leave a willow to send their feelings, which is more embarrassing than breaking the willow to bid farewell. When people listen to songs in this mood, it seems that the flute is also complaining about the willow. The resentment is so strong in the poem that the last sentence "Spring breeze is not enough" naturally comes. Entering the poem with the word' Yumenguan' is also related to making people think. "The Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty says:" I dare not look at Jiuquan County, but hope that Yumenguan will be born. " Therefore, the last sentence was written in the biting cold, implying infinite homesickness. If we compare this poem "Liangzhou Ci" with some frontier poems after the middle Tang Dynasty (such as Zhang Qiao's "Hehuang Veteran"), we will find that although this poem is extremely about the resentment that border guards are not allowed to return home, it is tragic and desolate, without the emotional appeal of decline and depression, and shows the tolerance of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
A broad mind. Even if you write sad grievances, you are strong in sadness and generous in sadness. The word "Why complain" not only shows the euphemism and implication of its artistic technique, but also shows that the border guards at that time realized the great responsibility of defending the country and the frontier when homesickness was difficult to ban, so that they could forgive themselves. Perhaps it is because of the sadness of Liangzhou Ci that it can become a typical representative of "Tang Yin".