Wang Shouren, a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang, was born in Chenghua, Ming Xianzong. Father Wang Hua took the first place in the 17th year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (148 1 year), and Wang Shouren moved to Shaoxing with his father. According to legend, Wang Hua is very strict with his son's family education. When Wang Shouren was a teenager, he studied literature and martial arts very hard, but he liked playing chess very much, which often delayed his lessons. Although his father scolded him repeatedly, he never changed his mind. In a rage, he threw chess into the river. Wang Shouren's heart shook, and he suddenly realized it. He immediately wrote a poem to express his ambition: chess is fun all day long, and once he is kissed severely, he loses. The soldiers fell into the river without rescue, and the generals drowned together. A horse travels thousands of miles with the waves, like swimming in the Three Rivers. There was an earthquake with a cannon, and Wolong immediately became worried. He calls himself Zhuge Liang and is determined to achieve something. After that, I studied hard and made great progress in my study. Riding, shooting and the art of war have become more and more skilled. In the twelfth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1499), he was admitted to the imperial examination and served as the minister of war. At that time, the imperial court knew that he was a learned man, but Zhong Zhang, the eunuch of the prefect's military affairs, thought that Wang Shouren had taught the scribes of the Ministry of War, so he looked down on Shou Ren. Once he forced Shouren to shoot an arrow in public, trying to make a fool of himself. Unexpectedly, Shouren filed a bow and arrow, brushed three arrows, hit three shots, and the whole army cheered, which made Zhong Zhang very embarrassed. Wang Shouren was the director of the Ministry of War for three years, and suddenly suffered from lung disease and died of it. The building is located in Yangming Cave next to Long Rui Palace in Huiji Mountain. The deceased was called Mr. Yangming. After Wang Shouren recovered from illness and was reinstated, he was sentenced to forty in Zheng Deyuan (1506) of the Ming Dynasty and demoted to Longchang (xiuwen county) for opposing eunuch Liu Jin. After Liu Jin was punished, he was appointed as the magistrate of Luling County and was promoted to Shao Qing of Nantaipu Temple. At that time, Wang Qiong was appointed minister of the Ministry of War. He thought that Shouren had unparalleled talent and recommended it to the court. In the 11th year of Zheng De's reign (15 16), he was appointed as the governor of Gannan. He got on the horse to run the army, got off the horse to run the people, and the civilian was in charge of the military code, combining civil and military, doing things in Zhi Min and using troops quickly. In order to suppress the peasant uprising and put down the "Chen Hao rebellion", he worshipped the Nanjing Ministry of War and sealed "Xinjian Bo". Later, because of his high performance, he resigned and went back to his hometown to give lectures. He founded academies in Shaoxing and Yuyao to promote "Wang Xue". In the sixth year of Jiajing (1527), he was sent back to the Guangdong and Guangxi military departments. Later, due to lung disease, he went begging and died in Nan 'an, Jiangxi. Qiao Wencheng. Wang Shouren is a master of subjective idealism in Song and Ming Dynasties. He developed Lu Jiuyuan's theory against the Zhu Cheng School. He said: "The heart of good and evil has no body, and the heart of good and evil is useful. Knowing the good and knowing the evil conscience is good for the good and good for the good. " And take this as the teaching purpose. He asserted that "the principle of everything is not in my heart" and "knowing is the principle of heaven"; Deny that there are reasons, things and things outside the heart. It is believed that learning is to "learn only from its heart" and "compare with planting, the heart takes root." Those who study, cultivate, irrigate and support hoes are nothing more than roots. "It is required to use this method of self-cultivation to achieve the so-called' integration of all things'. His theories of "unity of knowledge and action" and "progress of knowledge and action" are aimed at opposing the theory of "knowing and action in turn" of Ru Songru and Cheng Yi, and various statements that separate the relationship between knowledge and action. He talked about children's education, opposed to "whipping the rope, if you stay in prison", and advocated "be inspired and be happy at the center" in order to achieve "natural and comfortable." "His theory appeared in an' anti-traditional' posture. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Yangming was formed and had a great influence. He accepts disciples everywhere. After his death, Wang Xue was divided into several schools, but the same school appeared, and each school had its own advantages. His philosophical thoughts are widely circulated overseas, especially in Japanese academic circles. Tougou Heihachirou, a Japanese general, has a waist tag that "worships Yang Ming all his life". Wang Shouren is not only a philosopher and educator, but also a famous poet. He loves the mountains and rivers in his hometown very much. After he returned to his hometown, he often visited places of interest and left many well-known poems. For example, he wrote "Remembering Longquan Mountain": I love Longquan Mountain, and the monks in the mountain are quite wild. Sitting in the well all day, sometimes lying in Panasonic. Don't go to Yunshan for one night, travel for three years. Shame on killing the spring under the rock will clear itself sooner or later. Wang Shouren traveled to Xuedou Mountain in Fenghua, and his poem Xuedou Mountain is beautiful. People have been telling it for hundreds of years. It is difficult to break the poor mountain road alone, but it is difficult to cross a thousand streams and see the stone altar. Gog rings the bell and the monk sleeps. It's very cold in summer in Lin Yuan. Gu Lei is faintly connected with the rock waterfall, and Shan Yu is closely reflected with the bamboo pole. Don't be surprised that all the peaks are familiar. I have seen this painting once. Wang Shouren's life is full of works. After his death, his teacher compiled 38 volumes of Wang Wencheng's Book of Public Rights, among which the most important philosophical works were biographies and university questions. He condensed the theory of mind and nature into four sentences: there is no good disgusting body, and there are good malicious actions. Knowing good and evil is a conscience, and doing good and evil is a matter. Yuyao "Four Monuments Pavilion" has a monument pavilion to commemorate him. The inscription reads: the hometown of Wang Yangming, a sage of Ming Dynasty. Couplet: once a famous university teacher, there are still high-rise buildings that reveal Ruiyun. Banner: True Three Immortals. In ancient times, after a great war, the winning metropolis carved stones near the battlefield to record the meritorious military service. Lushan Mountain also has such a place. There is a stone wall dozens of feet square under Xiufeng Li Jing's reading platform. There are three stone carvings on the stone wall: seven buddha written by Huang Tingjian, a great poet and calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, a poem written in the Ming Dynasty on the right, and an inscription written by Wang Yangming on this stone after Zhu Pingding's rebellion on the left, which is called a merit tablet. Inscription * * * 136 words, the font is solemn and vigorous, and the stone is three points. Later generations commented on this inscription cloud: This mountain is immortal at the moment, and the wind and thunder care for the light in the forest. Wang Shouren, whose real name is Boan, was born in Yangming Cave, his hometown, and was called Mr. Yangming. Wang Yangming, a native of Zhejiang, was a famous philosopher, educator, politician and strategist in ancient China. He used to be the chief of the military capital. In the 14th year of Ming Dynasty (15 19), on June 14th, the imperial clan Wang Zhu revolted in Nanchang. Hundreds of rebels were on a roll, trapped in Nankang and descended the Jiujiang River. All the way to Anqing, forcing Nanjing, there was a tendency to go north and take the capital directly, and the Ming court shook up and down, making people panic. At this time, Wang Yangming, the governor of Gannan, who was stationed in Fengcheng, quickly rushed to Ji' an, made decisive decisions, mobilized troops, and went straight to Nanchang, the lair of the rebels. When he heard the news, he was anxious to see Li. Wang Yangming and the rebels fought Poyang Lake. In just 35 days, Wang Yangming defeated the insurgents and captured Zhu alive in Misheng Street near Nanchang. A great rebellion that endangered the country was almost put down in laughter. However, Wang Yangming made such great contributions, but he was not rewarded by the court. Instead, he was slandered and framed by a series of people. Ming Wuzong even felt that Wang Yangming put down the rebellion so easily and lost face. He believes that such a battle should be performed by his own troops down south. Eunuch Zhang Zhongzhi framed him and colluded with him. Since Wu Zong asked Wang Yangming to let him go and let him lead the army to fight Zhu again ... In this case, Wang Yangming rushed to Qiantang overnight and handed Chen Hao over to the eunuch. At the same time, according to the will of Wu Zong, he won again and attributed the victory of counter-insurgency to Wu Zong. In this way, the emperor's face was taken care of and Wang Yangming's life was guaranteed. On the 30th day of the first month of the following year, Wang Yangming went to Kaixian Temple (now Xiufeng Temple) and carved stones to record his merits. The memorial tablet praised the emperor's "imperial power SHEN WOO" and "pro-unification six-part discussion", and then captured Chen Hao and returned to China. " In his brief inscription, Wang Yangming also vaguely expressed his complicated feelings. Probably Wang Yangming was impressed by the scenery around Kaixian Temple when he carved stones to record his merits. He likes this place very much. In March this year, he came to Kaixian Temple again. Wandering in the forest, thinking about water, this quiet landscape, this Lin Tao spring stone and many cultural attractions all remind him of his ups and downs and bumpy life. With emotion, he wrote several poems to express his inner worries. His "Visit the Wall of Kaixian Temple Again" says: Zhong Cheng doesn't understand business, and he travels all over the mountains to find temples. I am still paying for my wife and children, but I have not left my post until now. I have been here twice before the opening of the light in March, but the door of the temple monk is not open. The mountain gods seem too vulgar to drive, and the stream wind blows people's backs. Don't you see that a rich family is like wine, five fights will wake you up. The mountains and rivers are harmless, and the floating name is not in my trace! There is also a "Longtan Night Sitting" cloud: Where is the fragrance of flowers at night? The sound of the stone forest hut across the stream. Everyone who is lonely is out of the moon, and birds and mountains are singing when it is empty. The grass is wet and the wind is lighter than the kudzu; In the stream, if you want to write a blue meaning, the north of the river and the south of the river are infinite. This poem expresses the author's loneliness, melancholy and heaviness. After hundreds of years, the memorial tablet under Li Jing's reading platform is still clear and eye-catching. After reading this inscription of 100 words, you can read the two poems mentioned above. Facing the stone wall is like facing a deep page of history. Through the inscription praising the emperor's imperial power, we can see the true face of the covered history. Attachment: The full text of "Meritorious Monument Record": Zheng De, since June, Chen Hao rebelled against Nanchang and called soldiers to Que. Break Nankang, Jiujiang, and attack Anqing, shaking far and near. 19 1 1 In July, Minister Shouren returned to Nanchang with soldiers belonging to the family of martyrs, and Chen Hao was captured. Others in the party decided. When really, the son of heaven heard that he was angry, and the pro-unified Sixth Division came to discuss it, so he took Chen Hao back. In Hehuang Wei, SHEN WOO didn't kill him. For example, is it an earthquake, smashed or folded? If the artifact is returned, who dares to peek? In view of the splendor of Chen Hao, it shows the spirit of the emperor to better our country. Zheng De Chen Geng was unlucky in the first month, and Wang Shouren, commander-in-chief of military affairs, wrote a book. Neo-Confucianism represented by Wang Shouren is classified as leftist. Psychology emphasizes that the purpose of learning is to be a man, not only to understand the truth of being a man, but also to implement it diligently. The emergence of the theory of mind indicates that the theoretical task of rebuilding the belief in home has been completed. Wang Shouren, a thinker in Ming Dynasty, was called Mr. Yangming. He established a systematic theory of mind and is a master of mind. He believes that man is the heart of heaven and earth, and "Lingming" is the human heart. Therefore, the essence of the universe is that the human heart is a little bright, "there is only this spirit between heaven and earth." This "Qingming" is justice, initial heart and conscience. Without spirituality, everything in the world and social life will become meaningless nothingness. On one occasion, he deduced a series of conclusions: "Nothing outside the heart, nothing outside the heart, unreasonable outside the heart". Because everyone has a conscience, "a fool's husband, a fool's wife and a fool's saint are all the same", so as long as you know this, "the streets are full of saints". The key to the cultivation of sanctification lies in "conscience". In order to curb the prevalence of hypocrisy, he particularly emphasized "the unity of knowledge and action". His disciples compiled his works into Wang Wen's Book of Success, among which Biography and University Question are his main philosophical works.
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