Chess has rich changes and connotations. If you want to learn chess well, you must go through a process from never attending meetings to knowing more. In this learning process, we need to pay a certain amount of time and energy, which is what we often say, "No pains, no gains". If the learning content is arranged reasonably and the methods are appropriate, it is also possible to make rapid progress or get twice the result with half the effort.
For beginners, what to learn first and then what to learn? What is the most effective learning method? What is the best way to learn? These questions must be the most concerned and the most urgent to know. If you can never learn, it is recommended to learn in the following stages and content order. Fans who have a certain foundation can also refer to their own actual situation and make up relevant content before continuing their studies.
1, primary stage
First, have a general understanding of the development history of chess, and learn and master the moves, eating methods, winning and losing, playing records, simple rules and basic common sense of chess pieces.
Second, learn the basic methods of killing chess and the simple examples and basic formulas of the endgame, and understand the reasoning and analysis methods and skills of killing king and endgame.
Third, understand the types of layout, learn the basic changes of common layout step by step, and understand the basic theory, tactics and practical killing methods of layout.
Fourth, starting with the middle game killing method, learn the strategy and tactics of the middle game, and then understand the basic theories such as the tactical principle of the middle game.
Five, watch or play music to learn the famous hand against the game, and through the explanation and analysis of the game, learn the use of famous hand strategy and tactics.
Six, combined with the layout of the study, properly interspersed with actual combat drills, mainly in the form of wheel wars, one-on-one simulation competitions or multiple competitions. Understand the form and requirements of the competition. If you can, you should arrange the time trial properly, experience the actual combat and make records, and gradually practice the ability to restart.
2. Consolidate the improvement stage
First, in-depth study of slightly complicated killing methods, mainly to guess the victory of ancient music independently and gradually exercise mental arithmetic ability; Learn and organize the actual killing game, be familiar with the killing conditions and the order of attack and killing, and cultivate the feeling of killing chess.
Second, further study the endgame, learn slightly complicated and practical examples and formulas in the form of small special research, properly learn the endgame of famous hands in actual combat, and gradually systematize it.
Third, according to your own characteristics, conditions and preferences, you should learn three or five kinds of first-hand and second-hand layouts selectively and systematically, and gradually transition from imitation to forming an independent layout system, and deeply understand the layout characteristics, layout principles and commonly used practical tactics.
Four, in-depth study of slightly complicated middle game tactics, combined with the practical experience of middle game theory, decision-making and trial game calculation method, focus on solving the transition problem from layout to middle game and middle game to endgame, and gradually cultivate the ability of combining strategic thinking with tactical awareness.
Five, combined with the layout learning process, appropriate arrangements for targeted simulation of actual combat, conditional to be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the game, the game form can be arranged into a group cycle, big cycle, integral arrangement, multi-game confrontation or elimination system. You can also practice fast chess properly. It is required to deepen the understanding of the rules and characteristics of the competition system through the competition, resume communication after the competition, and gradually implement independent memory and summary (including strategy and tactics, psychology, practical skills, etc.). ).
Sixth, learn as many famous players as possible in actual combat and experience the implementation of game psychology, strategic conception and tactical means.
The above is the general process of learning chess in stages for beginners. Beginners can choose and arrange according to their own level and interests, but they must implement the principle of from simple to complex, from easy to difficult, focusing on foundation, first stage and then overall situation. According to the above process, we have learned some basic knowledge and laid a good foundation before we have a reliable premise and guarantee for developing to a higher level.
3, the actual game
Playing chess is the main means to improve chess skills, and learning and practicing are for actual combat. Only through actual combat can we deepen our understanding, digestion and absorption of the contents of books. Only after many times of actual combat, will we gradually accumulate those direct and beneficial experiences and understandings, and we will not "talk on paper." Novices should pay attention to the following questions in actual combat:
First, arrange the number of games reasonably. Too little or too much will affect the level of improvement. There are too few games, which will not confirm the knowledge and theory learned in time, and may also reduce the interest in learning chess. More importantly, lack of exercise will affect the accumulation of direct experience. Too many games are often based on interest and desire, playing chess quickly without thinking. Playing more than ten games a day is not only useless to improve, but will form the habit of playing chess casually. It is better to study every game seriously and effectively. Generally speaking, an average of 150- 180 games per year is enough for children, and 120- 150 games are suitable for adults.
Second, we should pay attention to the quality of the game. First of all, the opponent's level should be similar to his own, a little higher is best, and the level is close to easy communication, which is conducive to the promotion of * * *; Try not to find opponents with too different levels, which will not achieve the effect of the game and will easily affect mood and interest. Secondly, in the competition, no matter what the opponent's level is, we should go on seriously and responsibly for every game and every move. Only by careful thinking can the brain machine on the scene be started to the maximum extent, and the thinking ability can be exercised and improved to the maximum extent. Only by improving the quality of the game can we test the knowledge well and truly achieve the purpose of understanding and absorption.
Third, we must recover in time after the game, and we must seriously sum up the gains and losses. Even for a high-level chess player, this is a very important technical exercise. If you want to resume the game, you must remember the chess, whether on the spot or after the game, but you must not remember the order of each game. No matter what the result of the game is, we should seriously resume the game. In victory, we should not only sum up our experience, but also try to find out our shortcomings. After the defeat, we should not only sum up the lessons, but also affirm the progress before we can fight again. Only in this way can we deepen the impression of the brain, facilitate memory, understanding and absorption, and go further in the next game.
Fourth, we should analyze our own games at a higher level. We must analyze objectively and dialectically, focus on theory, thinking mode and calculation method, and find out the regular problems, instead of just sticking to the quality of each game or the technical gains and losses. If you can, you can also ask a master to help you analyze and point out the advantages and disadvantages, so that you will find something you don't know and improve your artistic conception. Combined with the actual situation of your own chess game, you should also refer to the relevant chess handbook, at least you can find the monograph on layout and endgame, find out the shortcomings and correct them. It is also a good way to compare the related chess games of experts, that is, to make a serious comparative thinking according to your own skills, find out the gap between your thinking method and chess theory in actual combat, and improve yourself.
Five, to organize the bureau records in time, one is a brief review of technical and theoretical gains and losses, and the other is classified according to time series, which can be used as information for reference and comparative analysis at any time.
6. After earnestly playing games and humbly learning and summarizing, we should repeatedly apply the theoretical knowledge and experience we have learned to actual combat to test. Only through actual combat, summing up study, actual combat and summing up study can we consolidate what we have learned, find new problems, find new directions and constantly improve our actual combat level.
Step 4 lay a solid foundation
As mentioned before, it is emphasized here that it is very important for the beginners to persist in learning and understanding the knowledge and theory of the opening, middle and final stages of chess and make steady progress in the future. Someone has played chess for decades, and occasionally he will encounter the winning endgame of a horse against a single player in the game, but he can't win. He regrets the competition and his basic skills are not solid, which will definitely restrict his progress and development.
Beginners must ask more questions when learning any knowledge (including actual combat). You can compare the same type of situation and consider several possibilities. For example, we can compare the difference between high-level soldiers and low-level soldiers (and second-line soldiers or third-line soldiers), as well as the influence of the position of the opposing soldiers on the results, how to use the handsome force and the skills of cooperating with the sub-force attack, and so on. Therefore, we will have a deeper understanding of this situation, have a firmer understanding and use it more flexibly. In addition, we should gradually systematize the knowledge we have learned, find out the shortcomings and weaknesses in our progress in time, constantly correct and make up for them through study and exercise, and constantly improve our chess knowledge.
5. Follow the rules to improve efficiency
According to the objective universal law, the process of learning and improving the level can be described as "wave forward and spiral upward". Therefore, we should not only seize the time to learn as much as possible and learn well, but also follow this law and put forward the requirements at different stages appropriately. For example, when the progress is obvious, pay attention to strengthening basic skills training, actively explore the depth and breadth, and help maintain the upward trend for a long time; When the progress is a little slow, don't worry, pay attention to adjusting your mood and learning rhythm, which is often conducive to returning to normal as soon as possible, and the indicators can be appropriately lowered.
Efficiency refers to the ratio of workload to effect in a certain period of time. While following the law of learning, we should pay attention to the efficiency of learning. For chess, the investment in learning is mostly proportional to the growth of the level. However, due to the differences in learning time, gender and age, understanding and creativity, effort, learning skills and training conditions, the learning effect will be affected. Learners and coaches should pay attention to this point and take appropriate countermeasures and scientific methods for training according to specific conditions.
Step 6 strengthen self-cultivation
If you want to make progress in chess and climb the peak constantly, you must learn to be a man. Throughout the ages, the criteria for comprehensively evaluating a chess player are chess morality, chess products and chess skills in turn, emphasizing morality first and having both ability and political integrity. Chess lovers, especially children, must give priority to strengthening their self-cultivation, set lofty aspirations from an early age, be strict with themselves, and abide by social morality and athlete's code. Cultivate a good moral style of loving the motherland, being diligent and eager to learn, caring for the collective, being honest and modest, being civilized and polite, abiding by discipline and law, training hard and not being arrogant and impetuous. Every amateur should seriously study and strictly abide by the contents of article 8 of the rules of chess competition.
With the further popularization and development of chess, modern chess technology and theory have reached a new height, and the competitions at all levels with gradually normalized sequences have become more intense, and the psychological factors of players have become more and more important. Now some people combine chess with psychology, which is called chess psychology. Learning and mastering chess psychology is conducive to scientific selection, training and competition, because chess is a science, practice and practice are operated by people, and people are dominated by psychology, so beginners should consciously strengthen their study and exercise.
In the study and competition of chess, the brain runs at a high speed, and it is impossible without good health. In order to promote the normal development of body and mind, fans should actively participate in various sports activities, exercise, improve various functions and strengthen their physique.
Lu You, a great poet in the Song Dynasty in China, wrote two poems in Poem Zi Qi: "If you want to learn poetry, you must go abroad first." Borrowing chess means "time surpasses chess". In addition to the above, we should also extensively dabble in various disciplines, such as dialectical methodology in philosophy, strategy in military science, mathematics, literature, history, music, calligraphy, painting and so on. It is of great benefit to strengthen self-cultivation and improve chess skills.