It is generally believed that the meaning of discipline can be expounded from three different angles: from the perspective of knowledge creation and scientific research, discipline is an academic classification, which refers to a certain scientific field or branch.
It is a relatively independent knowledge system; From the perspective of knowledge transfer and teaching, discipline is the main body of teaching; Judging from the personnel who undertake teaching and research in universities, disciplines are academic organizations, that is, institutions engaged in scientific research.
The definition of discipline in China's Ci Hai is generally accepted by people;
① Academic classification refers to a scientific field or a specialized branch of a science, such as physics and biology in natural science, history and education in social science, etc.
② The abbreviation of' teaching subject', namely' discipline', is the basic unit of school teaching. Researchers in the field of education in China usually define disciplines in three senses: one is the branch of learning; The second is the subject of teaching; The third is academic organizations.
Criteria for the division of disciplines:
1997 promulgated the Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialties for Granting Doctoral and Master's Degrees and Training Postgraduates. The number of first-class disciplines in China increased from 72 to 88, and the number of disciplines and specialities in two disciplines decreased from 654 to 38 1.
1998 The Catalogue of Undergraduate Majors in Colleges and Universities issued by the Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC) shows that undergraduate education disciplines in colleges and universities include philosophy, economics, law, education, literature and history, science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, military science, management, etc. There are 12 disciplines, 72 first-level disciplines and 249 majors.
20 1 1 the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and the Ministry of Education issued a new catalogue of degree awarding and personnel training (20 1 1), which belongs to China Language and Literature (050 1).