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1, Li Bai
Li Bai (February 8, 7065438+0—February 65438+February 762), whose real name was Taibai, was named Qinglian lay, and his ancestral home was Tianshui, Gansu.
He was born in the city of broken leaves in the west, and moved to Mianzhou in Jiannan with his father when he was 4 years old. At the age of 25, he left Sichuan alone and began to wander widely, starting from Xiangjiang River in Dongting in the south and going to Huiji (Shaoxing) in the east, and living in Anlu (now Anlu City, Hubei Province) and Yingshan (now Guangshui City, Hubei Province) successively.
Until the first year of Tianbao (742), Li Bai was called to Chang 'an to worship the Hanlin under the recommendation of Taoist Wu Yun. His articles are famous all over the world. Later, because he couldn't meet the dignitaries, he only stayed in Beijing for three years and then abandoned his official position to continue his wandering life.
In the second year of An Shi Rebellion (756), he was angry and uneasy, and once joined Li Lin, the shogunate of Wang Yong. Unfortunately, Wang Yong and Su Zong competed for the throne. After the defeat, Li Bai was implicated and exiled Yelang (now Guizhou). I was forgiven on the way and wrote "Send Baidicheng early". In his later years, he drifted to the southeast, went to Dangtu county magistrate Li's uncle and nephew, and died soon.
Li Bai's poetic creation has a strong subjective color, which is mainly manifested in his emphasis on expressing heroism and passionate feelings, and rarely describing objective things and specific time in detail.
Free and easy temperament, independent personality, and strong emotions that are easy to touch and erupt form the distinctive features of Li Bai's lyric style.
Once his feelings were aroused, they rushed out without restraint, just like a hurricane in the sky and an overflowing volcano. His imagination is very strange, often has unusual connections, and changes with the flow of emotions.
His representative works include Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is hard to go, Difficult Road to Shu, Entering Wine, Poems of the Tang Dynasty, The First Creation of Baidicheng, etc.
2. Su Shi
Su Shi (1037 65438+10.8-18.24), whose real names are Zizhan and He Zhong, a Taoist priest of Tieguan, Dongpo and Suxian, Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan).
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi was a scholar. Song Shenzong worked in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou.
In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to be the permanent assistant ambassador of Huangzhou because of Wutai poetry case. After Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, he served as a bachelor of Hanlin, a bachelor of reading and a minister of rites, and was well known in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In his later years, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the ruling of the New Party.
Song Huizong was granted amnesty and returned to the north, where he died. Song Gaozong posthumously awarded a surname; Song Xiaozong pursues "Wen Zhong".
Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. Vertical and horizontal text; Poetry has a wide range of themes, fresh and healthy, uses exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian.
Ci is an uninhibited school, and Xin Qiji is the representative of the uninhibited school, also known as "Su Xin"; Prose writing is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi's good book, one of Song Sijia; He is good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood.
His works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo, Yi Zhuan of Dongpo, Dongpo Yuefu, Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas, Dead Trees and Strange Stones Atlas, etc.
3. Wang Bo
Wang Bo (about 650 ~ 676) was born in Longmen County, Jiangzhou (now Hejin City, Shanxi Province). A litterateur and scholar in the Tang Dynasty, the grandson of Wang Tong, and Yang Jiong, Lu, were also called "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty".
Wang Bocong is studious, able to write at the age of six and fluent in writing, and is known as a "child prodigy". At the age of nine, I read Yan Shigu's Notes on Hanshu, a secretary supervisor, and made ten volumes to point out the defects and correct the mistakes.
At the age of sixteen, he was a scholar and won the literature of Asazaburo Wang Pei (Li Xian). Write "cockfighting" and sit guilty and avoid officials. Visit Bashu mountains and rivers and create a lot of poems. After returning to Chang 'an, Zhou Guo was granted the right to join the army, killed officials and slaves without permission, and was demoted for the second time.
In August of the 3rd year of Shang Dynasty (676), Wang Bo crossed the sea to return to his father and drowned.
Wang Bo's poems directly inherited the spirit of respecting Confucianism in Zhenguan period, and injected a new flavor of the times, which was magnificent, beautiful and generous. Specifically, farewell poems are magnificent and magnificent.
Representative works include Preface to Pavilion, Farewell to the Governor of Shu, Gan Yuan Palace Fu, Wang Zian Collection, etc.
4. Liu Gongquan
Liu Gongquan (778-865), the word is sincere. Jingzhao Garden (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province) was born. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, he was an official, calligrapher and poet, and he was the younger brother of Liu Gongzhuo, a senior minister of the Ministry of War.
Liu Gongquan became a scholar at the age of twenty-nine. In his early years, he served as the secretary of the provincial school and entered the Li Ting Library. In Mu Zong, Jing Zong and Wenzong Dynasty, he served in the official residence and grew up in North Korea.
* * * During the Seven Dynasties, the official was the Prince, and he was named the Duke of Hedong County, and the official was the Prince Taibao, so it was called "Liu". In the sixth year of Xian Tong (865), Liu Gongquan died at the age of 88. Got a prince's last name.
Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is famous for regular script. He learned from Wang Xizhi at first, and later visited the famous calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty. He absorbed Yan Zhenqing's strengths and new ideas, and created his own unique "Liu Ti", which was famous for its infinite strength and was later known as "Yan Gu".
It is also called "Yan Liu" with Yan Zhenqing, and "four masters of regular script" with Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Zhao Mengfu. Inscriptions handed down from ancient times include diamond sutra, mysterious pagoda monument, Su Feng monument, etc. Cursive scripts include Fu, Sixteen Days Post and Insult Post.
In addition, the ink "Zhao Meng Post" and "Wang Xianzhi Send Pear Post Postscript" have also been passed down from generation to generation. Liu Gongquan also works in poetry, and his poems are preserved in The Whole Tang Poetry and The Whole Tang Poetry.
5. Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (102 1 year 18 February 18- 1086 May 2 1 day), whose real name is Fu Jie, is from the Mid-Levels. Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi) people. A famous thinker, politician, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Li Qing two years (1042), Wang Anshi Jinshi. He has successively signed judges in Yangzhou, magistrate in Yinxian and judge in Zhou Shu, and achieved remarkable results. In the second year of Xining (1069), he served as a political commissar, met with the Prime Minister the following year and presided over the political reform.
Because of the opposition of the old school, Xining went on strike for seven years (1074). A year later, Song Shenzong was put into use again and retired to Jiangning.
In the first year of Yuan You (1086), the Conservative Party gained power and all the new laws were abolished. Yu Ran died in Zhongshan and was posthumously given to a teacher. Shao Shengyuan (1094) was named "Wen", so he was called Wang Wengong.
Wang Anshi devoted himself to the study of Confucian classics, wrote books and set forth opinions, initiated the "New Learning in Gong Jing" and promoted the formation of the style of study in the Song Dynasty. Philosophically, he expounded the formation of the universe with the theory of "five elements", which enriched and developed the thoughts of China and ancient naive materialism. His philosophical proposition of "dividing the old from the new" pushed China's ancient dialectics to a new height.
In literature, Wang Anshi made outstanding achievements. His prose is concise, short and pithy, with clear arguments, strict logic and strong persuasiveness, which gives full play to the practical functions of ancient Chinese prose and ranks among the "eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".
His poems are "thin but difficult to learn from Du Fu" and good at reasoning. In his later years, his poetic style was subtle, profound and simple, and he was unique in the poetic style of the Northern Song Dynasty, and was known as "Wang Ti" in the world.
His poems are full of nostalgia and homesickness, with broad artistic conception and simple images. There are Wang Linchuan Collection and Linchuan Collection.