The society of Jin Dynasty was turbulent and dark, which was called "door-door politics". The world is dominated by Dao, Xie An and Sima Shi. Tao Yuanming lived in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, when Huan Wen and Huan Xuan usurped power, and Emperor Wu later rose. The Eastern Jin Dynasty is about to finish its journey, and China is about to usher in the extremely turbulent and divided Northern and Southern Dynasties in history. In such an era, every life has its hard journey. Tao Yuanming also had political ambitions when he was young, but his love for freedom made him finally choose to retire.
? This year, Tao Yuanming was 4 1 year old and came to Pengze. Tao Yuanming was Peng, the county party secretary of Peng Ze at that time. His superiors asked him to wear a formal suit and lined up to welcome him. How big is Du You's official position and what is he in charge of for the time being? Anyway, in history, one was severely punished by Zhang Fei, and the other was ruthlessly stood up by Tao Yuanming. Du You lost his good reputation. This Du You has a bad reputation and should be proficient in eating and getting cards. What he did made Tao Yuanming very unhappy, and even made him laugh this time. How can an upright and talented person bow to an ignorant and dependent village girl? Tao Yuanming feels more and more that being with such a person is simply a shame and a blasphemy against his own spirit. So he left and chose the final destination of life: the countryside. Later, he wrote the process of ideological struggle, his feelings on his way home and his feelings after returning home in an article, which was called "Xi Ci" in history. Let's take a look at Tao Yuanming's mental journey from officialdom to the countryside from the first few paragraphs of this world-famous "Gui Xi Ci".
First, return: complete emancipation of the mind.
It takes courage to return to China, and Tao Yuanming made an ideological struggle. "Serving the form from the heart, xi is melancholy and sad! Without remonstrating with the past, you can pursue what you know. It's not far from being lost. I don't think today is yesterday. "In the past, my life was like a walking corpse, and my thoughts were tightly bound by shackles. How sad it is! It's not too late to get lost. Let bygones be bygones. Today's decision is correct. How many times have I lost my way and shattered my dreams? Now I'm not confused anymore. I hope my life will be liberated. So he sang "Life in Full Bloom" and set foot on his way home.
How easy is it to empty your brain? "The ship is far away, and the wind is blowing clothes." How anxious are you on your way home? "When I ask the recruiter for directions, I hate the morning light." Tao Yuanming knows that he has nothing to do with the world in the future. He just wants to disappear into the sea of people at this moment and return to his pure land immediately. All power struggles, ugly faces, all fame and fortune, grievances and enmities, goodbye. At this moment, his heart was completely hollowed out. The boat floated gently in the water, and the cool wind blew head on. The boat floated gently on the water, and the clothes were blown up by the breeze, almost flying! Is Tao Yuanming not familiar with the way home? He also asked over and over again: Where have you been? Looking at the sky over and over again: why isn't it dawn yet?
"Is deep in constant, carrying hin carrying rush. Servants are welcome and children are waiting for the door. The three paths are barren, and the pine chrysanthemum still exists. Bring children into the house and have wine bottles. " The boat turned a corner and a familiar place-home appeared in front. The children have been waiting for me by the door. There are not many familiar paths in the yard, but Songju is still there. I took the child by the hand and walked into the room. The wine on the table was full of bottles. How sweet! This is my long-lost home and the destination of my soul. I don't know how many times Zhao Mengfu wrote this masterpiece, so that there are several versions of calligraphy works handed down. Wonderful words written on paper, smooth lines, people can't put it down.
? After Tao Yuanming retired, his main life was reading and playing the piano, reclaiming land, drinking and writing. Although his life is poor and plain, his heart is free, almost floating to chase birds in the sky. He wrote down his life in words: the cigarettes he saw in those years, the crows of chickens and dogs he heard, the fields he plowed, the piano he played, the wine he drank and the vegetables he wanted to eat.
? How good is rural life? Tao Yuanming wrote five "Returning to the Garden". Let's see how he sang beautiful rural scenery in his first song. "Warm people village, Yi Yi market smoke. In the deep alley where dogs bark, chickens call mulberry trees jump. " The village in the distance is faintly visible, and the smoke rises gently with the wind. Dogs bark in deep alleys, and mulberry trees crow. Is this also called poetry? Yes! This is not only a poem, but also a very popular poem! Village, cooking smoke, barking dogs and crowing chickens are the tranquility full of life. Seeing this, the heart that has been bound in a cage for too long has been completely liberated. The village must be patchwork, simple and peaceful; There is also the familiar smell of burning wheat straw in the kitchen smoke; Dogs in deep lanes occasionally bark, breaking the silence of the village; Chickens from far and near are chirping alternately. Rural life is so comfortable, so quiet and soothing, which is more suitable for painting. Although the words are simple, they are full of heart.
Second, Qin Shu: You can beg in life, but you can't lack affection.
Tao Yuanming wrote in his self-portrait Biography of Mr. Wu Liu: "Quiet and quiet, I don't envy Li Rong. Study hard, don't ask for a solution, and every time you know it, you will be happy to forget to eat. " In fact, the content and mentality of his reading at this time should be completely different from that of his youth. Let's make a comparison. Tao Yuanming once wrote, "Young people are poor, but they can swim well after six classics". When Tao Yuanming was young, like many literati, he wanted to go to Germany to study and get familiar with the Six Classics in order to be an official. At this time, Tao Yuanming is reading a book of sages, and he wants to work hard. You have to read it whether you like it or not. It is bound to concentrate, recite repeatedly, and pursue it all day in Zhou Qing. Reading at this time is utilitarian. And how did Tao Yuanming study after returning to the garden?
? "When the trees are shaded, the songs of birds change", "In mid-May and June, I lie under the north window, and when the cool wind comes, I masturbate for the Western Emperor". Living well makes people envy! Dialogue with the ancients in the volume and integration with nature outside the book. This kind of fun is the greatest pleasure of reading. Beyond utilitarianism, in order to study, so study. He also recorded the reading process. In Reading the Classics of Mountains and Seas, I wrote, "I have cultivated, and I am still reading my book", "I have read the biography of Zhou Wang, and I have read the mountains and seas. What if you throw the ball to the end of the universe and are unhappy? " Today, I mowed the ground and planted vegetables. When I had nothing else to do, I began to read my favorite books. I drank spring wine leisurely and ate my own vegetables. I don't know when the drizzle came from the east, mixed with the refreshing wind. I don't know how long I have read this classic of mountains and seas in my hand, and I feel like I am browsing the whole universe. What could be happier than this? Reading is a very happy thing, and reading in such an environment is not a cool word!
? Tao Yuanming not only reads books, but also plays the piano. "I don't understand the sound, but I have a piano without strings. Whenever there is wine, I need to fondle it to send it. " He plays the clavichord instead of the banjo. Although he said he didn't know melody, he would never know the piano as a teenager. He mentioned playing the piano many times between the lines: "When you are young, you should be entrusted to play the piano"; "Make friends idle and lie down and play the pipa"; "please love your loved ones and play music books to eliminate your worries." He is a master of piano playing. Without the strings, he still stroked the strings to express his intention! How many people can understand his unconditional caress? This is emotion, which is the demeanor of celebrities in past dynasties.
Although there are books to read and pianos to play in life, you have to eat. Although he is a scholar, he is poor. Sometimes I have to beg for food when I can't open the pot at home. "Hunger drives me, I don't know why! Going to Sri Lanka, knocking at the door is clumsy. Is it futile for the master to solve the problem? " Even so, reading, playing the piano and drinking are indispensable. Although you have to beg, you can't lose interest.
Third, planting: I am not growing vegetables, but enjoying the process.
? Maybe Tao Yuanming is not a good farmer, and all the weeds in his fields grow better than the seedlings. "Nanshan plants beans, and the grass is covered with bean sprouts. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. The clothes are not covered, but the wish is not violated. " He is in a good mood after a day's work. Moonlight filled the fields, carrying hoes, walking home along the field path, smelling the flowers, listening to insects and stepping on the moonlight. What a beautiful picture! The moon is my pet. I took it home. Even if the dew wets my clothes, I have no regrets!
? Is he growing vegetables? He is sowing feelings and harvesting happiness. I don't care what the beans look like! Work at sunrise and rest at sunset. I went to the field before the morning star receded. Birds chirp for food in the morning. I waved my hoe and listened to the birds singing. The air is so fresh! Also mixed with the smell of dew. When I got home, night began to fall. I walked alone on the country road, paying no attention to the dew on my clothes and enjoying the faint moonlight. In addition to carefree or carefree, there are no more waves in my heart.
Fourth, drinking: there is something in drunkenness, and there is sex in drunkenness.
? Tao Yuanming wrote twenty poems called Drinking. In the preface of this group of poems, he wrote: "When you are drunk, ask a few questions to entertain yourself. There is too much paper and ink." You can know that this group of poems should be written after drinking. Drinking has also become an indispensable part of Tao Yuanming's pastoral life.
Wine is a good thing. Many people in ancient times would use wine to illustrate his outlook on life. In Li Bai's poems, wine is often mentioned. For example, we are familiar with "Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty!" " "36,000 days in a hundred years, pour 300 cups a day" and so on. This is a kind of elegance that is not afraid of short life and transcends life. Li Bai realized in wine and liberated in wine. Bai Juyi's wine is quiet. "There is a ray of green in the old bottle and a trace of red in the quiet stove. It feels like snow outside at dusk. How about a glass of wine inside? ? "It's going to snow tonight, and Bai Juyi suddenly wants to have a drink with his friends. If there had been WeChat at that time, he would have sent such a message: "Lao Liu, I have a jar of newly brewed wine here, and it hasn't even been filtered yet. There are green bubbles floating on it. I have burned a small stove made of red mud in advance. The room temperature is 25 degrees, which is warm and suitable. Look at the dark clouds outside. It is going to snow soon. Come and have a drink with me! " No utility, no joy or sorrow. After drinking, Su Shi will take young people hunting. "I am a teenager. My left side is yellow and my right side is pale. I'm wearing a gold hat, mink fur and riding a swift horse. " Full of energy and pride.
? How did Tao Yuanming drink wine? He still enjoys his natural taste in wine and will have some extraordinary feelings. "A gentleman is drunk alone, and a lady wakes up all the year round; When I was drunk, I was still laughing. I didn't give a speech. "One is sober and the other is drunk. Tao Yuanming prefers to be the drunk me. Only when he is drunk can he be completely pure himself. Only in drunkenness is he a free soul, integrated with nature. This may be the taste of wine and the reason why so many people like wine.
? The most famous song is the fifth, and everyone likes it. Although I live on earth, there is no noise of horses and chariots. Why can you do it? Because my heart is quiet and my ambition is high, I live in the same quiet place. I picked chrysanthemums under the east fence and looked up and saw the distant mountains inadvertently. How beautiful the scenery is in the evening! The birds came back together. I want to identify with the meaning of life, but I don't know how to express it. So carefree, beautiful beyond words, only leave a message. Wang Xizhi was drunk at the Lanting Fair in Yonghe in the ninth year, and wrote the Preface to Lanting Collection, which is known as the best running script in the world. I think this poem should be Tao Yuanming's masterpiece, which can best reflect his enlightenment in his leisure time.
Wei and Jin Dynasties left us too much charm! Ji Kang felt that Guangling was lost before the execution. Ruan Ji lamented that "when there is no hero, Li Zi becomes famous!" Tao Yuanming left us a pure land of mind. This may be the legendary "Wei-Jin demeanor".
2018165438+1October 15 day and night