There are many kinds of fans in Hangzhou, including black paper fans, sandalwood fans, white paper fans, ivory fans, female silk fans, opera fans, tourist fans and children fans. There are thousands of colors, the largest is 3 or 3 feet, and the smallest is only 3 inches. Among them, Samsung brand black paper fan is the most famous. Its fan is made of Lin 'an submerged mulberry paper, Zhuji persimmon paint and Fujian Jianshe coal, which are refined through 86 processes. Put it in the hot sun, soak it in cold water, boil it in boiling water, take it out and dry it for more than 10 hour. And a good fan. This kind of fan can not only cool off the heat, but also keep out the sun and rain, so it has the reputation of "half an umbrella". Won the first prize and the silver cup in the first China Arts and Crafts Hundred Flowers Award. The sector and ribs of sandalwood fan are made of sandalwood, and the sector is fragrant. Ten years and eight years, it is still fragrant. Fan painting and calligraphy is a unique art form in China. Fans are not only daily necessities, but also handicrafts. An ordinary fan, once touched by a celebrity's painting and calligraphy, is worth a hundred times and makes people fondle it. The fan art in Zhejiang is very developed, and some famous painters and calligraphers in the past dynasties have painted calligraphy for the fan art, leaving many immortal works. King fan decoration is rich in content and diverse in techniques. They often ask famous artists in the art world to write poems and draw pictures. At the same time, dozens of painting and calligraphy artists in our factory have done a lot of research on the ancient and modern fan painting and calligraphy art, and their techniques are skilled. No matter fairy tales, character forms, scenic spots, mountains and rivers, meandering streams, cottages, famous flowers and rare birds can be painted; As far as calligraphy is concerned, there are all kinds of calligraphy, such as orthodoxy, cursive script, official script, seal script and so on. Zhu Nianci, an old artist, began to write fan paintings with real gold in the 1950s, and was the founder of China micro-book paper fan. Wang Xingzhai is the author of A Thousand Words, The Diamond Sutra, Poems of West Lake and 200 Fan-shaped Tang Poems. And Jin Gang, a young artist from Hangzhou Fan Factory, wrote four books on a paper fan (namely, University, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius). They combine the beauty of writing, writing and fans, making them fans among fans.
China fan culture has a profound cultural background, is an integral part of national culture, and is closely related to bamboo culture and Buddhist culture. China has always been called the kingdom of fan manufacturing. The main materials of the fan are: bamboo, wood, paper, ivory, tortoise shell, jade, bird feathers, other palm leaves, betel nut leaves, straw, cattail and so on. It can also be made into various daily craft fans with beautiful shapes and exquisite structures, which are carefully carved, carved, bronzed, drilled or painted by famous people by skilled craftsmen.
China fan culture originated in ancient times. In hot summer, our ancestors hunted plant leaves or poultry feathers and processed them just to absorb wind from the sun. So the fan is called sunshade, which is the original source of the fan.
Fans have a history of three or four thousand years in China. After thousands of years of evolution, improvement and perfection, it has developed into hundreds of fan families, but it is generally divided into two categories. Flat fan (that is, round fan, sunflower fan, wheat straw fan, tracts fan, etc.). ) cannot be folded; The two folding fans can be opened and closed freely.
Flat fan comes from barrier fan (palm fan) (fan made of bamboo, called fan in ancient times). During the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, a semi-regular instant noodle was shaped like a single door, so it became the mainstream of fans at that time. Instant noodles are made of thin bamboo strips, which are used by emperors and civilians. In the Western Han Dynasty, it was called Acacia Fan (also known as Gong Fan, Wan Fan and Tuan Fan), and its shape was still round. Albizia fan is characterized by a plain white face with the handle as the central axis, which is as symmetrical as a full moon. Ten thousand fans are made of bamboo and wood, with a round or oval surface and pasted with thin silk. At that time, the Wan Fan made in the Central Plains was the most exquisite, and there was Wan Qi's theory of Chu and Zhu, that is, the Wan Fan made of Lu Si Xiang Zhu. This kind of fan was very popular in the Han Dynasty, and it was praised by poems, such as "Fan Poem" by Ban Jie. It was newly cracked neatly, fresh and clean as frost and snow, cut into acacia fans, like the bright moon, and went in and out of the arms, shaking the breeze.
After this symmetrical round fan appeared, it was used for generations and became the traditional fan type in China. In the Qing Dynasty, in addition to the circle, symmetrical sectors also included rectangle, oblate circle, square circle, plum blossom shape, sunflower shape, melon shape, waist shape and horseshoe shape ... These departments were characterized by symmetry, lightness and powerful craftsmanship.
Folding fan, called gathering fan in ancient times, or scattered fan, or folding fan, is named because its two ends can be integrated when folded.
By the Southern Song Dynasty, the production of folding fans had reached a considerable scale. Folding fans prevailed in Ming dynasty, and the emperor ordered the craftsmen in the palace to imitate Korean fans and absorb foreign crafts to promote the development of domestic fans. Ming and Qing Dynasties were the heyday of folding fans. Expensive materials, ivory, hawksbill, chicken wing wood made of fan bones, beautifully made. Carved on the big side of ivory bones, inlaid with various patterns on the big side of mahogany and bird bones with silver thread, and inlaid with snails or Qi Diao on the big side of painted bones. The big face of the fan bone has a wishful head, a harp, mantis legs, water waves and so on. A special art form, on a fan less than a whole foot, is skillfully used and carefully laid out by Master Dan Qing, or landscapes, flowers and birds, or character dynamics are all seen from small to large, showing beauty and charm.
There are fine dust gold (rain gold), snow gold, plaid towel, hair clasp, old alum surface and clay gold surface on the fan surface, which have all become the places where painters and painters play their roles and left precious Mo Bao for future generations. Zhu Zhanji, Emperor Xuande of the Ming Dynasty, inscribed "Reading Pictures by Matsushita" on his fan, which was regarded as a rare treasure.
There is a Ma Yuan black paper fan for monks in the folding fan. On the fan, the Heart Sutra, Diamond Sutra and Polo Sutra are written with real gold powder, and there are related Buddhist cultural themes such as Eighteen Arhats, Guanyin, Hong Haier, Tomi Buddha and Jigong.
Fans contain rich cultural connotations. Throughout the ages, fans have an indissoluble bond with people's daily life. A small fan has not only become a beautiful handicraft with practical and aesthetic values, but also many stories, legends and anecdotes about fans, such as the closing of Su Dongpo's fan painting, the repair of the fan lane of a poor Taoist, the adventure of Yu Ying's fan falling, the fan bridge and the theme fan of Kangxi. Thousands of years of fan culture have accumulated many fan poems, fan words, fan couplets and fan puzzles. There is a close relationship between fans and stage art. There has always been a graceful fan dance, and fans can play a role in fitness. In the name of fans or with fans as the media, there are peach blossom fans, agarwood fans and banana fans. As props on the stage, fans show various props or characters on the stage.
Fans have also formed a fan custom. In some rural areas in southern China, there is a custom of giving fans to each other during the Dragon Boat Festival. Fans are also used as engagement tokens.