Brief introduction of Kong Lin
Kong Lin is a national key cultural relics protection unit, formerly known as Zhishenglin, and is the cemetery of Confucius and his family. After Confucius died, his disciples buried him in Surabaya in the north of Lucheng. At that time, it was still a "tomb, not a grave" (there was no high soil uplift). During the Qin and Han Dynasties, although tombs were built very high, there were few cemeteries and only a few forest guards. Later, with the improvement of Confucius' status, the scale of Kong Lin became larger and larger. Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty lived forever for three years (A.D. 157). Lu Hao repaired the tomb of Confucius Temple, built a sacred gate in front of the tomb, built a vegetarian village in the southeast, and swept several households in Wu primary school. At that time, Kong Lin was "only one hectare". It was not until the Southern and Northern Dynasties that 600 trees were planted. During Song Xuanhe's reign, stone utensils were built in front of Confucius' tomb. enter
In the second year of Yuan Wenzong to Shun (A.D. 133 1), Confucius specialized in forest walls and built forest gates. In the tenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1684), Kong Lin expanded to 3,000 mu. In the eighth year of Yong Zhengdi (A.D. 1730), Kong Lin was overhauled, and all kinds of gates and workshops were repaired at a cost of 25,300 yuan, and special personnel were assigned to guard them. According to statistics, since the Han Dynasty, Kong Lin has rebuilt and increased 13 times, planted trees 5 times and expanded forest land 3 times. The wall around Kong Lin is 7.25 kilometers long, more than 3 meters high and about 5 meters thick, with a total area of 2 square kilometers, which is much larger than Qufu City. As a family cemetery, Kong Lin has been buried continuously for more than 2000 years. Here, we can not only inspect the tombs in the Spring and Autumn Period, but also research the tombs in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and also study the political, economic and cultural development and the evolution of funeral customs in China. 196 1 year, the State Council was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. "The ancient tomb is thousands of years old, and the forest is cold in May." There are more than 654.38 million trees in Kong Lin. According to legend, after the death of Confucius, "disciples planted strange trees all around, so there were many different trees, and the Lu people were unknown from generation to generation." Today, some trees in Konglin still cannot be named by people. Among them, cypress, juniper, oak, elm, locust, kai, park, maple, poplar, willow, sandalwood, privet, five flavors, cherry blossoms and other trees are intertwined and flourishing; Hundreds of plants such as wild chrysanthemum, Pinellia ternata, Bupleurum chinense, Pseudostellaria heterophylla and Ganoderma lucidum also win glory according to the times. Kong Lin is a natural botanical garden.
"There is no way to see the broken monument in the deep tree." There are many stone tablets and stone tools in Konglin. In addition to a number of famous Han steles moved into the Confucius Temple, there are tombstones inscribed by famous calligraphers in Ming and Qing Dynasties such as Li Dongyang, Yan Song, Weng Fanggang, He and Kang Youwei. Therefore, Konglin can also be called a veritable forest of steles.
Kong Zi tomb
After enjoying the temple, there is the Confucius Temple, the center of the Confucius Forest. This tomb is like a raised horse's back, called Ma Yin. The mausoleum is surrounded by a red wall with a perimeter of Xu Li. There is a huge tomb in front of the tomb, engraved with the "Tomb of Dacheng to Shengwen", which was the official book of Huang in the eighth year of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1443). The stone platform in front of the tomb was originally built in the Han Dynasty, based on the stone of Mount Tai in the Tang Dynasty and expanded in the Qing Dynasty.
Confucius' tomb is the tomb of his son Kong Li in the east and his grandson Kong Ji in the south. This kind of tomb layout is called holding children and grandchildren.
Lin Kong
Located in the north of Qufu, it is a special cemetery for Confucius and his family, and it is also the longest-lasting and largest clan cemetery in the world. Confucius died in April in the sixteenth year (479 BC) and was buried in Si, north of Lucheng. Their descendants were buried from the graves, forming today's Kong Lin. Since Zigong planted trees for Confucius Tomb, there have been more than 10,000 ancient trees in Confucius Forest. Since the Han Dynasty, rulers of past dynasties have rebuilt and added 13 times to Kong Lin, and even opened it to the present scale, with a total area of about 2 square kilometers, surrounded by 5.6 kilometers of forest walls, which are more than 3 meters high and 1 meter thick. Guo Moruo once said: "This is a good natural museum and a chronicle of the Confucius family." . Confucius also played an irreplaceable role in studying the political, economic and cultural development and the evolution of funeral customs in China.
Starting from Mount Tai, Shigu walks 200 miles to Duofu Node, and Zhu Si Er Shui is in front of you.
Hundreds of acres of Kong Lin are surrounded by a city. Outside the city, all descendants of Confucius are buried around the column. For three thousand years, they have never tasted it.
Simple place. The south gate faces Yishan, and Shiyang Shi Hu is low and small, buried in the soil. Apollo's tomb, Confucius' burial, South
In the middle of the face, there is a big hall in front, with dozens of weapons crossed on the right, which is the tomb of Xuansheng. The tomb is located on a small mound, and there is a hut on the right.
Three horses wrote the Tomb of Zigonglu. On a hill near the grave, Sun San and his son were buried in front of the grave.
The tomb is not far away, and the horse's seal is not made of stone, but a mound. There are thousands of trees in the forest, the only one is wood.
In the old capital, there was a stone tablet engraved with the inscription "Zigong hand-planted kai", and the lower kai was very complicated. In addition, folding trees are heterogeneous,
Lu people who can't tell their names all their lives, and Gai Confucius disciples from other countries, all hold their national trees to plant. Linyi
There are no thorns in it, and there is no grass with thorns.
Excerpt from Night Boat by Zhang Dai in Ming Dynasty.