Song Bolu (1854- 1932) was born in Liquan County, Shaanxi Province. Minister, painter and calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.
In the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), he was a Jinshi, and was elected as Jishi Shu, and was awarded the editing and repairing of the museum. Seventeen years (189 1) as an examiner in Shuntianfu Township. Twenty years (1894), served as deputy examiner after the examination in Shandong province; Twenty-two years (1896), he was appointed as the censor of Shandong Road in Duchayuan. After the Reform Movement of 1898, the United States and Yang Shenxiu joined forces to jointly obstruct the New Deal. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 (1898), I returned to my hometown and devoted myself to painting mountains and rivers. Flowers have the charm of Chen Chun and Xu Wei. Calligraphy participated in Liu Gongquan and Zhao Meng, and participated in the revision of Xinjiang Tongzhi and Shaanxi Tongzhi.
He died in the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932) at the age of 79. He is the author of Haitang Fairy Hall Collection, Anecdotes of Painters and History of Painters' Poetry in Qing Dynasty.
Chinese name: Song Bolu.
Alias: pen name nine _ Qiao Shan, old man of Shui nationality, old man of Xin Taipingxuan.
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of Birth: Liquan County, Shaanxi Province
Date of birth:1854.11.24.
Date of death: 1932
Occupation: calligrapher
Masterpieces: Records of Xinjiang Construction and Records of Xinjiang Mountains.
The life of the character
Song Bolu (1854 ~ 1932) was originally named Zhidong, also known as Blunt, Zhidong and Zidong. No. Zhitian,no. Blunt in his later years, pen name Jiu _ Qiao Shan, old man of Shui nationality, old man of Xin Taipingxuan, from Liquan, Shaanxi. My father died at the age of no doubt, and my mother died shortly after my brother was born. His sister's family hired Mao and Gu Yu to teach him. Later, he was a scholar and studied under the famous scholar Bai Jingwei. Bai's thought of worrying about the country and the people directly influenced the Song Dynasty. Facing the social reality that "Shu Ren still chooses Wei after eating her husband", Song satirized the rulers in many poems and expressed deep sympathy for the poor peasants' resistance.
Family lineage
This brief genealogy of Song Bolu comes from Volume 375 of Zhu Juancheng in Qing Dynasty (Gu Bian), and is the resume of Zhang Daqian, an outstanding scholar during the five years of Guangxu in Shaanxi Province.
Major achievements
Main experience
In the 11th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1885), Song was promoted for his excellent tribute. The following year, he was selected as a scholar, and Jishi Shu was selected as an editor. In seventeen years (189 1 year), he served as the examiner of Shuntianfu township entrance examination. Twenty years (1894), served as the deputy examiner of Shandong Province, and was ordered to try Shandong; In twenty-two years (1896), he was appointed as Shandong Taoist supervisor of Douchayuan, and personally printed the imperial history. After Song entered the official career, he was more concerned about the national economy and people's livelihood. When he was appointed as the deputy examiner of Shandong Province, his duty was to be "ordered to try", but he took the time to make a detailed investigation on the flood situation of the Yellow River in Shandong Province, and then went to the Qing court to publish the book "Managing the River by Chen Tiao", which stated that the breach of the Yellow River brought ruin to the people, exposed the graft of local officials in the process of managing the Yellow River, and put forward measures to solve the graft. He also wrote many copies of the memorial, asking the Qing court to care about the people's sufferings and eliminate bureaucrats. Even Li, an official of Quan, dared to appear in "Illegal Dismissal of Eunuch" to argue for the crime of sheltering his nephew Li. Liu Guyu, a reformist from Shaanxi, plans to raise 202,000 taels of silver to establish the weaving layout in Fu Bao, Shaanxi, in order to revitalize the national industry. Song supported this initiative and planned to borrow 202,000 yuan from Yufeng Bank with Li Yuerui, a fellow countryman friend, as the founding fund. Because Zhao Shuqiao, assistant minister of punishments, refused to guarantee, this action ran aground.
In the 23rd year (1897), on December 13th, Kang Youwei and others founded the Guangdong Society in Beijing. In the first month of the 24th year (1898), Song and Li Yuerui also initiated the establishment of the Kansai Society. On March 20th, Kang Youwei and others set up a meeting on the basis of Kansai Society, and Song actively participated in it and was included in the meeting. Within half a year, Kang Youwei drafted ten letters to the emperor in the name of Song Bolu, gave firm support to the reform led by Kang and Liang, and fought resolutely against the diehard forces hostile to and opposed to the reform. When Emperor Guangxu ordered that in addition to holding special courses in economics, he should also open more general courses in economics, try out current affairs, strategize and study politics, law, finance, diplomacy and physics, "to educate the people and save the harm of stereotyped writing", he even made a 20% discount and denounced the harm of stereotyped writing. When the memorial was handed over to does, Xu Yingzhi, the prime minister and minister of does, strongly opposed it. Song He jointly wrote a letter to Emperor Guangxu, denouncing Xu Ying. This is the influential book "Please give the old courtiers and send them away" in the Reform Movement. After some struggle, Xu Ying _ was dismissed. As an important step in the implementation of the New Deal, the abolition of stereotyped writing for officials was finally announced after breaking through many obstacles. Since then, the Song Dynasty has connected a series of memorials, such as "Please choose a person from all provinces to communicate with Chinese and foreign politics as the New Deal", "Please choose a person to be a consultant" and "It is better for all provinces to encourage railway officials to become businessmen", which has become one of the important backbones of the Kang-Liang political reform movement. After Emperor Guangxu went to prison, Song was dismissed by the Qing court. He got Li Yuerui's tip-off, took refuge in the Italian embassy first, and took his family to Shanghai for more than three years, during which he had been to Japan. Facing the increasingly hostile situation of national affairs to Africa, he wrote a book "Talking about Time in My Own Sea" in the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), and spoke highly of the significance of the political reform. In his article "On Making Law Irresistible", he pointed out: European countries abandon the old and welcome the new, and go forward bravely, so they can become rich and strong. Japan's political reform also looks at East Asia. Only China refuses to change course, which is the root cause of poverty and weakness. In another article, he shouted: "I want to be a patriot and think about it for a long time."
On June 28th (1July 5th, 902), he returned to Shaanxi with his family because of difficulties in livelihood, and was welcomed by his students. Fu, a relative of Shaanxi provincial judge, was impeached by Song when he was an official and took the opportunity to retaliate. He colluded with Shaanxi governor to play the Qing court on June 18 (July 22), accusing Song of "being an eagle dog because of his career, and his crime was below and above Kang Youwei". Song Sui went to prison and was released three years later. Chang Geng, the general of Yili, admired his name and invited him to participate in the governance in Xinjiang. Song went to Dihua (now Urumqi) with Chang Geng, and was retained by Wang Shunan, the minister of the buffer region, to preside over the Xinjiang Local Records Bureau and compile the local records of Xinjiang. In thirty-four years (1908), it was written into four volumes: Xinjiang Records and Xinjiang Mountain Records. In the year of Xuantongyuan (1909), Chang Geng was transferred to the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, and Song returned to the east with Chang Geng. Later, Chang Geng was conformist, and it was difficult to display his ambition. 19 1 1 In the summer of, he returned to his hometown.
19110 In June, after the anti-Qing uprising was successful, the commander-in-chief of the Qin and Han armies sent someone to Liquan to invite Song to participate in military affairs and appointed him as the staff of the commander-in-chief of the three armed forces. At that time, Shaanxi Revolutionary Army was attacked by Qing troops from Henan and Gansu, and there were many contradictions within the military government. Song did a lot of work to mediate contradictions.
1912 In March, the Beijing government controlled by Yuan Shikai downsized the Shaanxi garrison into two divisions, with Song as the division commander and Song as the division staff. In the same month, a political research association organized by Huang Guisen and Yu Siru was established, and Song was elected as the president. In February 65438, he went to Beijing at the invitation of Liang Qichao. On the recommendation of Premier Xiong Xiling, he was hired by Yuan Shikai as a senior adviser to the Presidential Palace. After discovering that Yuan Shikai was plotting to claim the throne, he returned to Shaanxi. 19 18, elected to the House of Representatives.
Old age life
I have made a lot of efforts for the local cause in Shaanxi. 1In the autumn of 923, Kang Youwei came to Shaanxi. Because of the change of moraine sand set in Wolong Temple in the Song Dynasty, many things were made in the city. Song advised Kang to leave the Tibetan scriptures to his old friends. Kang was furious and broke up in discord. 1927 In the spring, Feng Yuxiang was stationed in Dongguan Temple, and some people rummaged and even stole the cultural relics collected in the temple. The Taoist priest in the prison sought Song to try to stop it. Song Lian sent a letter to Feng Yuxiang, who immediately ordered the troops of the Eight Immortals Temple to withdraw. In the same year, there was a drought in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, and hungry people were everywhere. Song raised tens of thousands of yuan from Zhuziqiao (Qinglan) and other military people, and personally asked about the relief every night. He used to be the editor-in-chief and curator of Shaanxi Provincial Comprehensive Archives Bureau (Museum). He continued to compile Shaanxi Tongzhi, personally worked out an outline, selected editors, and carefully examined all the manuscripts. It lasted for more than ten years until the death of Song 1932 on August 7th.
Personal work
In Song Dynasty, he made great achievements in poetry, calligraphy and painting, and wrote more than twenty works, such as Jianjiang Record, Xinjiang Mountains and Rivers Record, Xiyuan Notes, Begonia Fairy Hall Poetry, Burning Grass, Ji Hai Tan Shi, Sang Ai Zhi Tang Record and so on. Related works