Zhengzhou Zhang
Speaking of Wang Duo's "purity" seems to be a "stain" in his life, which in a sense has also influenced the later generations' judgment on his character and calligraphy. So, why did Wang Duo "clear the field"? What was the history at that time? When we get rid of the dark clouds of history and restore our true colors, you will find that it was the corruption in the Ming Dynasty, especially the infighting of the regime in the late Ming Dynasty that alerted Wang Duo. Disappointment again and again made his passion drop sharply, and finally led to despair. In this case, "clearing" is naturally a matter of course.
When Wang Duo first set foot in politics, he often posed as a clean stream. At that time, the political competition between Lindong Party and Yen Party became increasingly fierce. He, Wen, Huang Daozhou, Ni and others have shown distinct factional tendencies many times in their political life. For example, in the first month of the sixth year tomorrow (1626), Wei Zhongxian, the leader of "Yandang", instructed the court to compile three dynasties. Its purpose is nothing more than summing up the experience of the political struggle of the "eunuch party" and setting up a monument for itself. Wang Duo, who was a censor in imperial academy at that time, should have participated in the compilation of Essentials of Three Dynasties. However, Wang Duo, together with his colleagues and Zheng, resigned from the compilation work and chose not to associate with "eunuchs". In the sixth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1633), Wang Duo was transferred from imperial academy to Zuo Yude and Zhan Shifu as assistant lecturers, but he was transferred from the capital and became a bachelor of imperial academy in Nanjing because of his disagreement with Wen Shi Ren Zheng Jian Lu. Wang Duo once described this experience and said, "Wen Style Ren, Wu Zongda and Wu Cheng failed to learn from it, so they avoided Jinling." Five years later, Wang Duocai was recalled to Beijing as a junior official. Soon, Wang Duo's position changed again. In December of that year, he was appointed as the official of the East Palace and served as the attendant of the East Palace. In the first month of the following year, he was promoted to James; In July, he served as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Ritual, and also served as a bachelor, banquet lecturer and librarian of the Hanlin Academy.
The Ming Dynasty was already in troubled times. There is Huang Taiji in Manchuria outside, and there is a peasant army led by Li Zicheng and Zhang inside, which is a dilemma both inside and outside. At this time, Yang Sichang, Minister of the Ministry of War, advocated peace talks on the border issue, which was opposed by most people in North Korea. Huang Daozhou, a good friend of Wang Duo, was demoted to six grades when Emperor Chongzhen summoned him. 19 days later, Wang Duo is still at large. "Words cannot be touched, which is related to clan society. When disaster strikes, everything has been kept, "which greatly angered the Lord and the faction." Yang Sichang even made people talk about Emperor Chongzhen and asked for a "court scepter" for Wang Duo. It should be noted that the punishment of the "court aides" in the Ming Dynasty was almost equivalent to the death penalty, and few people survived from the aides. The news came out that Wang Duo's family were worried about Wang Duo's tears, but Wang Duo was calm and fearless. Fortunately, "there is no sin in the world", so that Wang Duo was lucky enough to save his life. Shortly after the banquet, Wang Duo delivered a speech about the golden mean as an official? Only the world is the most sacred chapter. Speaking of timely things, "word addition, fu addition." The bones are full, and the people are miserable. Some divisions drove the people to be thieves, the family was ruined, the world was in chaos, and there was no peace, which angered the emperor. "Biography of the History of Qing Dynasty" records: "Emperor Zhuang Liedi is responsible for shirking and cannot give full play to its essence. I am afraid, I am in front of the case. " Although Emperor Chongzhen was "innocent", Wang Duo was afraid of the emperor's displeasure. Wang Duo's suggestion can't be adopted, which makes it even worse for the DPRK. In addition, Wang Duo's two daughters also died in the same year, and he was disheartened. He went to the countryside twice to "beg for his family". After being approved, Wang Duo returned to his hometown in Jin Meng at the end of that year.
After a short stay at home, Wang Duo returned to Beijing in October (1639) in the 12th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty and became a bachelor of imperial academy. In September of the following year, he was appointed as the Minister of Rites in Nanjing. On the way to Nanjing, I returned to Jin Meng. Unexpectedly, my father died at this time, and Wang Duo had to resign in mourning. Four months later, my mother also died. At this time, in his hometown, the peasant army was so powerful that Wang Duo had to lead his family to live in Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu and Hubei. However, Wang Duo's bad luck is not over. In November of the 15th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1642), his wife Ma Shi died. The following year, the third sister and the youngest son stopped fighting, and the fourth son died on the way to escape. As a last resort, Wang Duo had to take refuge in Jun Cheng's old friend Liu Shangxin. Thus, Wang Duo at this time is what a mess!
1644 this year is destined to be a very unusual year in the history of China. The Qing army had just driven Li Zicheng and Emperor Dashun, who had just acceded to the throne, back to Shanxi, and Regent Dourgen was agreeing to build Beijing to welcome Fu Lin to the throne. When Governor Ma Shiying of Fengyang and Ruan Dacheng, the old party of Wei Zhongxian, thought that the axe king was fatuous and easy to manipulate, so on May 15 of that year, Zhu Yousong, the axe king, was made emperor in Nanjing, and the following year was the first year of Hong Guang. In the 14th year of Chongzhen, when Li Zicheng attacked Luoyang, Zhu Yousong's father, the old axe king, was killed by the peasant army, and Princess Zou and the prince fled from Songze to Huaiqing. At that time, Wang Duo's family lived in Huaiqing, which was very helpful to them. Now, bearing in mind his past help, Zhu Yousong has elected Wang Duo as a college student in Dongge.
On June 3rd of the same year, Wang Duo joined the cabinet as the second assistant. At the beginning of Fuzheng, Wang Duo was grateful to Axe King, devoted himself to doing things faithfully. The epitaph written by Qian praised Wang Duo in this way: "When Emperor Hong Guang was in the south, he rewarded honest and frank for his loyalty, avoiding prison and taking care of himself." For example, in July of that year, Wang Duo proposed to cut off the names of college students Wen Tiren and Xue He. In autumn and winter, he joined hands with Henan officials and invited them to commend the ministers who died in Zhongzhou. Especially when Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng tried to draw up the charge of "thief" in the north with "six products", Wang Duo and Xie Xuelong, ministers of punishments, tried their best to save these people. The subsequent "Prince of the North" incident showed Wang Duo's absolute loyalty to the Axe King. On March 1st, the first year of Hong Guang in the Ming Dynasty (1645), a self-proclaimed "prince" came to Nanjing from Hangzhou, which caused a dispute between the truth and falsehood of the "prince" in the DPRK. Wang Duo, as the assistant minister of the East Palace, decided that the foreign prince was false from the overall situation. As a result, the self-proclaimed "prince" was escorted to prison. Some generals stationed outside Nanjing questioned them because they didn't know the truth of the situation, and even launched a "military remonstration". For example, He Tengjiao, governor of Huguang, and Yuan Jicheng, assistant minister of the right Ministry of War, advocated caution; Zuo Liangyu, who was stationed in Wuchang, even fought against Ma Shiying and Ruan Dayou in the name of "Jun Qing side", claiming that he was willing to "die for the prince". In the stormy small court of Nanming, infighting suddenly arose.
On April 20th, the first year of Hong Guang in Ming Dynasty, the Qing army captured Yangzhou and then crossed the river into Nanjing. On May 10, the Axe King led Ma Shiying and others to flee to peace. Later, he was held hostage by Tian Xiong, the commander of Wuhu, and was killed in A.D. 1646. 15, the Qing army captured Nanjing. Nanjing was broken and there was chaos outside the palace. On May 11th, the Book of Fire recorded a cloud: "When the emperor went out, the palace door was wide open. Boiling inside and outside, the maids are mixed. People poured into the palace, robbed the royal items and threw them all over the street. The silver silk, beige, toys, bows and knives in Neiku were all robbed. Civil and military officials were temporarily hidden and washed away from the apartment. Men and women who go out of the city are like ants, some go out and come back. Residents also killed soldiers inside and outside the city, leaving a legacy. " If there are good people in Beijing, they will take the opportunity to rescue the so-called "prince". They helped him get on the horse and went straight to Xihuamen Wuying Hall to succeed to the throne. Meanwhile, Wang Duo had changed clothes and fled, only to be recognized. The excited crowd caught Wang Duo and forced him to point out the truth of the "Prince". At this time, Wang Duo still did not change his attitude and told the truth about the "Prince", so he was tied up by the people and abused and beaten. Fortunately, Zhao Zhilong came to the rescue and finally saved his life. Until May 15, after Prince Yu led the Qing army into Nanjing, Wang Duo, who was physically and mentally injured, fell down with Qian and other ministers.