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The Longmen Grottoes were dug in the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and after more than 400 years of large-scale construction in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, the length from north to south was 1 km. Today, there are 2,345 grottoes, more than 654.38 million statues and more than 2,800 inscriptions. Among them, Longmen Twenty is the essence of Weibei calligraphy, and Chu Suiliang's A Que Buddhist Shrine Monument is a model of regular script art in the early Tang Dynasty.
Longmen Grottoes lasted for a long time, spanning many dynasties. They reflect the development and changes of China ancient politics, economy, religion, culture and many other fields from different aspects with a large number of physical images and written materials, and have made great contributions to the innovation and development of China Grottoes. In 2000, it was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO.
Question 2: In which dynasty was Longmen Grottoes built? In 493 AD, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty ordered the capital to be moved to Luoyang. Emperor Xiaowen, who believed in Buddhism, did not forget to transfer the development center of Buddhism to Luoyang while moving the capital. He organized the construction of temples and monasteries. A grotto statue was opened around the Yishui River in Longmen, south of Luoyang, and the creation of a magical large-scale grotto group-Longmen Grottoes began. Longmen Grottoes, located in the Central Plains, is a fruitful achievement of foreign Buddhist teaching art rooted in the soil of Chinese traditional art and a concentrated expression of the complete system of ancient sculpture art in China. Therefore, Longmen Grottoes have their own special historical position in China Grottoes. Longmen Grottoes is a well-preserved large-scale cave group in China. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 2,000 grottoes, more than 60 pagodas, 10 million Buddha statues and more than 2,800 inscriptions. Longmen Grottoes is one of the three largest grottoes in the north of Central Plains. Together with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Datong Yungang Grottoes, it is also known as the three major artistic treasures of China, and is known as the world human cultural heritage. The thirty-five years from Emperor Xiaowen of Wei moved the capital to Luoyang to Emperor Xiaoming's period was the first prosperous period of carving Buddha statues in Longmen. Most of the grottoes excavated in this period were concentrated in the West Mountain of Longmen, accounting for about one third of the statues of Longmen Grottoes. Among them, there are more than a dozen large and medium-sized caves, such as Guyang Cave, Binyang Cave and Fangyao Cave. Among Longmen Grottoes, Guyang Cave is the earliest excavated cave, which was excavated in 493 AD. In the history of China, this year was the seventeenth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the year when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang. Guyangdong is located at the south foot of Longmen West Mountain. The main Buddha enshrined in the cave is Sakyamuni Buddha, and the large niche on the south wall is where Sakyamuni sits side by side with the Buddha, which is also called "two Buddhas sitting side by side" in Buddhism. There are three rows of niches on the north and south walls, and each row is four symmetrical and varied niches. One of the big niches has a complete set of Buddhist stories engraved on the lintel, which shows the process of Siddhartha's Daoism in Wang Zicheng. There are hundreds of shrines in Guyang Cave, large and small. Not only are there the most Buddhist stories, but the patterns on the niches are also beautifully decorated, rigorous and complete, and rich in colors. The Buddha statues in the grottoes are all worshiped by believers, and each Buddha statue records the prayers of believers. As can be seen from these statues, Guyangdong was the place where the royal nobles in the Northern Wei Dynasty made the most wishes. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the main grottoes were Binyang Three Grottoes. Binyang Cave is dedicated to the III Buddha. There are two disciples and bodhisattvas on each side of the main Buddha, Ye Jia and Manjusri Bodhisattva on the left and Ananda and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva on the right. The Buddha's face and flank face are slightly longer, and the clothing lines are neatly and densely stacked, which reflects the artistic characteristics of the statues in the Northern Wei Dynasty. There is a lotus treasure cover carved on the top of Binyang cave, and ten geisha music fluttering in the wind support the heaven and man. There are large reliefs on both sides of the inner wall of the cave, which are divided into four layers: Vimalakīrti, the life story of the Buddha, the Empress Dowager Cixi, and the Ten Kings. Many caves in Longmen Grottoes have pictures of rituals and buddhas, and the middle cave in Binyang is the best, but it was stolen abroad. In the late Northern Wei Dynasty, some distinctive caves were dug, such as Lotus Cave, Huoshao Cave, Huangfugong Cave and Weizi Cave. One of the most famous is Fangzi Cave, which is named after a large number of ancient prescriptions carved in it. Some prescriptions carved in caves can also treat what modern people call intractable diseases, such as diabetes. These prescriptions predate Sun Simiao's "Just in case". The end of Longmen Cave Opening in Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty was marked by the suspension of Binyang Middle Cave. With the demise of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the excavation of Longmen Grottoes tended to decline and remained silent for nearly a century until the establishment of the Tang Dynasty. During the hundred years from the establishment of the Tang Dynasty to the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Longmen Grottoes ushered in the second grotto prosperity period in history. Grottoes excavated in this period are generally from south to north according to the times, concentrated in the West Mountain of Longmen. In the Wu Zetian period, another part moved to Dongshan, accounting for about two-thirds of the Longmen Grottoes. The most representative grottoes in Longmen Grottoes in Tang Dynasty are Qianxi Temple, Wanfo Cave and Fengxian Temple. The first cave excavated in the Tang Dynasty was Qianxi Temple at the northern end of Longmen West Mountain. At this time, China Buddhism "Pure Land Sect" was established. The grotto statues in the Tang Dynasty reached their peak during Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian. Although grotto statues belong to Buddhist art, they are closely related to politics. From the numerous stone carvings of the Tang Dynasty in Longmen, we can also see the traces of Wu Zetian stepping onto the throne of the queen step by step. The Wanfo Cave was completed in November of the first year of Yonglong, Tang Gaozong. It is a merit cave specially excavated for Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian, and it is also a group of royal palaces headed by Yunzhi, an admirer of the Dojo in the Tang Dynasty ...
Question 3: Which dynasty was the capital of Longmen Grottoes? Longmen Grottoes are located in Luoyang. Historically, Luoyang was the capital of Eastern Han Dynasty, Northern Wei Dynasty and Wu Zhou Dynasty. Buddhism was introduced into China from the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Baima Temple in Luoyang, known as the first Buddhist temple in China, was built in Yongping years. The emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty generally advocated Buddhism, and Wu Zetian believed in Buddhism even more. In order to show their devotion to the Buddha, they built many buildings in Luoyang, and Longmen Grottoes is one of the most famous places.
Question 4: The Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang were built in the Taihe period of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Which dynasty was it? It went through the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the Five Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty. More than 400 years before and after. Among them, the large-scale and efficient construction was about 150 years, which appeared in the Northern Wei Dynasty (about 40 years) and the Sui and Tang Dynasties (about 1 10 years) respectively. The large and small shrines and stone statues of Longmen Grottoes are scattered on the cliff walls of the east and west mountains of Longmen, along the banks of Yishui, with a length of 1 km from north to south.
Question 5: When was the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang built? In 493 AD, Longmen Grottoes were built in the Northern Wei Dynasty. After the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, the carving was intermittent for 400 years.
Question 6: Which dynasty was Longmen Grottoes built in the Taihe period of the Northern Wei Dynasty? It lasted from the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty. More than 400 years before and after. Among them, the large-scale and efficient construction was about 150 years, which appeared in the Northern Wei Dynasty (about 40 years) and the Sui and Tang Dynasties (about 1 10 years) respectively. The large and small shrines and stone statues of Longmen Grottoes are scattered on the cliff walls of the east and west mountains of Longmen, along the banks of Yishui, with a length of 1 km from north to south.
Question 7: What is the important age of Longmen Grottoes? Longmen Grottoes is one of the treasures of stone carving art in China, and it is a national five-level scenic spot. It is located on the cliffs of Longmen Mountain and Xiangshan Mountain on both sides of Yishui River, south of Luoyang City, Henan Province, China12km. It was unearthed from the middle of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (beginning in 494 AD). Later, the Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties were built on a large scale for more than 400 years, and the Northern Song Dynasty was also built for more than 400 years.
Question 8: When was the Longmen Grottoes excavated in the Northern Wei Dynasty? After several dynasties and more than 400 years, the excavation scale in the Tang Dynasty was only a little larger.
Question 9: In which dynasty were Baima Temple and Longmen Grottoes built? Baima Temple in Luoyang City, Henan Province was built in the 11th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (68 years). This is the first temple built after Buddhism was introduced into China.
The Baima Temple in Tongcheng, Anhui Province was built in the late Tang Dynasty.
Baima Temple in Huzhu County, Qinghai Province was founded at the end of the tenth century (the post-Hongperiod of Tibetan Buddhism), also known as Jingangya Temple.
Baima Temple in Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province was founded in the early Northern Song Dynasty.
Question 10: Which dynasty was the Yungang Grottoes carved in the second year of Xing 'an in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 453)? Most of them were completed before the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang (AD 494), and the carving project continued until Zheng Guangnian (AD 520-525).
Longmen Grottoes were first excavated during Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 47 1 ~ 477), and were built on a large scale from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. They were built from generation to generation and have a history of 1500 years.
Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes were visited by Samans in Fujian two years before Qin Dynasty and Jianyuan two years (AD 366). Seeing the golden light and thousands of buddhas on Mingsha Mountain, the heart of digging holes germinated, and then it was continuously built and became a Buddhist holy place.