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Unify the central plains
See: Chen Qiao mutiny, the Northern Song Dynasty unified war, the right to release troops by drinking, and the alliance of the golden chamber.
Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin? [ 18]
In the Five Dynasties, after Emperor Gong succeeded to the throne in the later Zhou Dynasty, he was appointed as our envoy to Germany, and the army was stationed in Songzhou. In 960, Zhao Kuangyin, the general of the later Zhou Dynasty, put on a yellow robe in Chen Qiao and founded the Song Dynasty? [ 19-20]? Kaifeng, the capital, was later changed to Kaifeng, Tokyo, with Xijing as its capital. Another cause facing Song Taizu is to unify the whole country. After consulting with Zhao Pu in Hakodate, Zhao Kuangyin decided to go south first and then north to unify the whole country. ? [2 1]?
Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi? [22]
Zhao Kuangyin was the first to kill Nanping and Chu. Later, it perished in Houshu, Nanhan and Nantang. ? [23]? Mao was bent on unifying the whole country, and he also set up a joint-stock company to save money, hoping to buy sixteen States from Liao in the future. In August of the ninth year of Kaibao (976), Taizu once again went north. However, Mao died suddenly on 10 19, leaving a historical mystery of "the sound of candles and axes", and his younger brother Zhao Guangyi acceded to the throne. There is also a folklore that Zhao Kuangyin was killed by Zhao Guangyi. In order to ensure the legitimacy of the regime, Zhao Guangyi put forward the death theory of his mother Du Tai, that is, the "Golden Chamber Alliance". ? [2 1]? At the beginning of his reign, Zhao Guangyi was busy rectifying state affairs, and the cause of reunification was temporarily suspended. ? [2 1]? [24]?
After Zhao Guangyi firmly ruled the throne, he continued the cause of national reunification. First, Chen and Qian, who were separated from Zhangzhou and Quanfu in Fujian, surrendered, and then the Northern Han Dynasty perished. In May of the fourth year of Taiping and Xingguo (979), despite the opposition of ministers, Zhao Guangyi set out from Taiyuan to northern expedition Liao, and first recovered Yizhou and Zhuozhou.
Later, Zhao Dezhao and Zhao, sons of Mao, were forced to death, and they were demoted to. Two years later, Zhao Tingmei died in exile. Zhao Guangyi's eldest son, Zhao Yuanzuo, was deposed for sympathizing with Zhao Tingmei, and another son, Zhao Yuanxuan, died suddenly. Finally, Zhao Yuankan was named Prince and renamed Heng. ? [25]?
In the third year of Daoguang (997), he died, and Li and eunuchs attempted to become emperors. The prime minister handled it properly, Zhao Jiwei, that is. Song dynasty also began to enter its heyday. ? [26]?
Zhao Guangyi himself was arty and liked poetry and songs, so the government paid special attention to cultural undertakings, and the Song Dynasty paid attention to the opening of education. Zhao Guangyi also loves calligraphy, including good cursive script, official script, running script, seal script, stereotyped writing and flying white, especially flying white. The words on Chunhua Gold ingot, the currency of the Song Dynasty, are also his own themes. ? [2 1]? [27]?
Step into society
See: Yongbei Expedition, Yongshan Alliance, Sacrifice to the East and the West, Use of Five Ghosts, Song and Xia Wars, Celebrating the New Deal, Paying Attention to and Increasing Money.
Song Zhenzong came to power as a logistics political country, and the Northern Song Dynasty entered the Xianping rule. ? [28-29]? After the northern expedition of Yongxi, the Liao Dynasty often robbed and plundered at the junction of Song and Liao Dynasties. [30]? In the first year of Jingdezhen (1004), it finally evolved into a large-scale invasion of the Song Dynasty. [3 1]? . Prime Minister Kou Shuli urged the Anti-Japanese War, and Song Zhenzong marched in person, which greatly boosted Song Jun's morale. The Liao army was stuck at the gates and was forced to make peace. After several negotiations, the two countries successfully held peace talks. The main contents of the peace treaty are: Song gave Liao silk 202,000 yuan and silver/KLOC-0,000,000 yuan each year, and opened the border trade. Both sides were brotherly countries. History calls the peace treaty "the alliance of the Yuan Dynasty"? [32]? .
Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng? [33]
Later, KouShu gradually fell out of favor, and Song Zhenzong began to trust Wang Qinruo. Wang Qinruo is good at pandering, knowing that Zhao Heng wants to create a peaceful atmosphere in the world, so he strongly advocates Song Zhenzong's meditation. Wang Qinruo himself joined hands with another prime minister, Wang Dan, and created many auspicious images in various places, which won Song Zhenzong's love. In the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008), Song Zhenzong amenorrhea three times. ? [34]?
Song Zhenzong and Empress Liu have no children. Once, I was lucky enough to meet Li, Liu's maid. As a result, Li He gave birth to a son (Zhao Deyi) in the third year (10 10), which was later. Later, Liu and another concubine, Yang, raised the child.
In the seventh year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 14), Song Zhenzong decided to upgrade Yingtianfu to Nanjing after sealing Mount Tai, ancestral temple and offering sacrifices to Lao Zi. ? [35]?
In the second year of Tianxi (10 18) Mid-Autumn Festival, Zhao Deyi was officially named Prince and renamed. On February 20th, the first year of Ganxing (1022), Song Zhenzong died. When the Prince ascended the throne, Liu was honored as the Empress Dowager, acting as military affairs agent before adulthood. Since then, Queen Liu has been listening to politics for more than ten years. ? [36-38]?
In the early days of his administration, he was always in the shadow of Liu, and it was not until Liu's death that he was able to display his ambition? [39-40]? . Although Queen Zhao Zhen is Cao Shi, she has always had a soft spot for a Zhang Guifei. However, Zhang came from a humble background and never became a queen. In the sixth year of Emperor Youdi (1054), Zhang died on the eighth day of the first month. In fact, Song Renzong regarded the funeral as a gift from the Queen and made her the Wencheng Queen. As a result, two queens died in their lifetime, which is unprecedented. ? [37]?
After Li Yuanhao proclaimed himself emperor in the second year of Qing Dynasty (1038), several years of war broke out between Song and Xia Dynasties, and Song Jun suffered repeated wars and defeats, which led to an increase in money and grain. ? [4 1]? Later, Song Renzong appointed Fan Zhongyan, Lv Yijian, Fu Bi, Bao Zheng, Han Qi and other capable ministers to carry out the Qingli New Deal, which achieved good results. This country has entered the most prosperous stage since the founding of the People's Republic of China. However, some old-school figures claim that these reformist officials unite and tout each other as cronies. Because Song Renzong always hated cronyism, these bureaucrats were later demoted to local officials. Is this the end of the short celebration of the New Deal? [42]? . In the frontier, Song Renzong appointed Di Qing as the general, which successively quelled the rebellion of Naman farmers and the provocation of Xixia. ? [37]?
Imperial examination in song dynasty
After the death of Song Renzong, Song Yingzong succeeded to the throne. He is the grandson of Song Zhenzong's brother Zhao Yuanfen. In the seventh year of Jiayou (1062), he was established as the Crown Prince. Song Yingzong was ill, and at first Empress Cao was in charge of state affairs. After May of the first year of Zhiping (1064), Song Yingzong came to power. However, half a month after Song Yingzong took office, the Puyi incident broke out, and the debate lasted for eighteen months. The cause of this incident was that Han Qi, the prime minister, asked to discuss the inheritance right of Song Yingzong's biological father. Therefore, North Korea is divided into two factions. One school thinks that Song Yingzong's biological father, Wang Pu, should be called Bo Huang, while the other thinks that it should be called Huang Kao. In the end, the Queen Mother Cao issued a letter to summon the father Huang Kao. Settle the argument. But on the whole, Song Yingzong is a promising monarch. He continued to employ former ministers and boldly explored new ones. Song Yingzong also attached great importance to the compilation and revision of books, and it was he who initiated the compilation of "Learning from the Same Resources"? [43]? . ? [37]?
The struggle for political reform of the party
See: Wang Anshi's political reform and the struggle between the old and new parties.
Wang Anshi, who presided over the reform? [44]
After Song Yingzong's death, his eldest son, Song Shenzong Zhao Yong? [45]? During Song Shenzong's accession to the throne, the system formulated in the early Song Dynasty had many drawbacks, and people's livelihood began to retrogress, while Liao and Xixia were eyeing the border. Therefore, Song Shenzong was determined to reform, and hired Wang Anshi, a famous reformist minister, to carry out state reform, and appointed him as a political adviser.
Wang Anshi's new law includes equal damage, young crops, exemption from service, Yishi, Jiabao, Ma Bao and other land taxes. However, the implementation of the new law was strongly opposed by conservatives headed by Sima Guang. Coupled with natural disasters all over the country, Song Shenzong's determination to implement the new law has also wavered. ? [46-47]?
In the seventh year of Xining (1074), during the drought in the north, an official named Xia Zheng presented a map of refugees to Zhao Yong. The scene in the picture is terrible, so Song Shenzong is very shocked. The next day, Song Shenzong ordered the suspension of 18 decrees on young crops, farmland and exemption from service. Although these decrees were quickly restored, there was already distrust between Song Shenzong and Wang Anshi. In April of the seventh year of Xining, Wang Anshi dismissed from office for the first time, and jiangning house knew it. Later, Lv Huiqing, an official of the reform school, acted rashly. Wang Anshi returned to Beijing to resume his post, but he was still resolutely obstructed by conservatives. In June of the ninth year of Xining (1076), Wang Anshi's eldest son died, and Wang Anshi took the opportunity to insist on abdication. In October, Song Shenzong deposed Wang Anshi again. ? [47-48]?
The evaluation of the new law in Xining by later generations is very polarized, and the implementation effect of the new law is far from what Wang Anshi expected. Although the implementation of the new law has greatly increased the country's fiscal revenue and cultivated land area, it has seriously increased the burden on civilians. The military reform of Xining's new law is only a stopgap measure, and the combat effectiveness of the army has not been significantly improved. In addition, Wang Anshi acted too hastily, and more than ten reforms that took a long time to complete in social evolution were all implemented in just a few years, which made the reforms fall into the dilemma of haste makes waste? [49]? . Moreover, in the later period of the implementation of the new law, the difference between the provisions and the implementation effect is getting bigger and bigger, and some measures have changed from benefiting the people to disturbing the people. Improper employment in the implementation of the new law is also the reason for losing people's hearts. Among the reformists, the personalities of Lv Huiqing, Ceng Bu, Li Ding and Cai Jing are quite controversial. Some are even regarded as villains. Regarding this reform, Huang Renyu, a historian who is famous for his "great history", commented on this reform: "As early as 900 years before us, China tried to manipulate state affairs by means of financial control, and its scope and depth were never proposed in other parts of the world." ? [47]? [50]?
Sima Guang who abolished the political reform? [5 1]
After Wang Anshi's strike, Song Shenzong continued to reform the cause, which was called "Yuanfeng restructuring". Although Yuanfeng Reform is also called "Xifeng New Law" with Xining Reform, its reform strength cannot be compared with Xining Reform.
With the strengthening of national strength, Song Shenzong shifted its focus to foreign aggression. He is determined to destroy Xixia. In May of the fifth year of Xining (1072), Song Shenzong began to explore Xixia, and achieved great victory, which greatly inspired Zongshen's confidence. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng (108 1), there was a coup in Xixia, and Song Shenzong took this opportunity to conquer Xixia again. The result was a fiasco. Therefore, Song Shenzong can't afford to get sick.
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), at the beginning of the first month, Liu Zi, a maid-in-waiting of Zhao, was appointed as the prince. Although the new laws promulgated were briefly abolished by his mother, the Empress Dowager Gao, they were quickly restored one after another, and many of them were even used in the Southern Song Dynasty? [52]? . After her death, the Empress Dowager Gao obeyed the court's words and imposed strict restrictions on the newly acceded to the throne. Empress Dowager Cixi trusted the old party headed by Sima Guang and neglected Song Zhezong, which led to a serious struggle between the old and new parties. After Song Zhezong came to power, he condemned the old Party and trusted the new Party, and the cause of political reform continued. ? [47]? [53]?
The shame of Jingkang
See: Six Thieves in Power, Sung River Uprising, Fang La Uprising, Xuanhe Northern Uprising, Maritime Alliance, Shame of Jingkang.
Evonne, Song Huizong
Song Zhezong left no children. After his death, his brother Evonne? [54]? Acceded to the throne, is for Song Huizong. Song Huizong is good at enjoying himself and has no interest in state affairs. He likes pen and ink, painting and riding horses since he was a child. Evonne lived a decadent life and liked to visit brothels. He also built many buildings and listened to the Taoist priest. He built Long Live Mountain in the northeast corner of Kaifeng, and later renamed it Genyue. Genyue has more than ten miles of Fiona Fang, including Furong Pool and Cixi. There are pavilions, birds and beasts. Hui Zong also set up a Phoenix-welcoming Bureau in Suzhou to search for strange stones in the southeast, which was for the sake of the Huashi class and caused public outrage. ? [55-56]?
Song Huizong regardless of state affairs, all government affairs were handed over to six thieves headed by Cai Jing. Cai Jing banned the party and excluded dissidents in the name of restoring the new law. On the second day after Cai Jing ascended the throne, he issued an imperial edict prohibiting the laws of Yuan You. This is the so-called Yuan You traitor case. Therefore, honest ministers are excluded from the political center.
Song Huizong himself was overjoyed. When he saw that Liao was attacked by the State of Jin, he sent an envoy to cross the sea from Dengzhou in the spring of the first year (118) for the convenience of reuniting with the State of Jin. The two sides discussed that the two countries would jointly attack the Liao country, and Nanjing and Xijing were responsible for attacking the Liao country in the Northern Song Dynasty. After the demise of Liao, the land was returned to Song, and in the past, Song paid the old coins of Liao. This is the maritime alliance. ? [56]? However, Song Jun was defeated. In the end, the nomads from the army plundered the population of Yanjing and deducted the three states of Ying, Ping and Luanhe. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), Jin Bing attacked the Song Dynasty in two directions. Evonne was so scared that he immediately inherited his son Song Qinzong Zhao Huan. Song Qinzong wavered between war and peace, suffering from loss and gain. Later, in desperation, Li Gang was activated to defend Tokyo. Although he won for a time, the ruler did not give up and went south twice. ? [56-57]?
In September of the first year of Jingkang (1 126), Taiyuan fell. In November, the outer city of Kaifeng fell, and 8 Jin J forced Song Qinzong to make peace. 1 1 On October 30th, Song Qinzong was forced to make peace in Jinying and returned three days later. The gold digger demanded a lot of gold and silver. Song Qinzong therefore looted Kaifeng's property. Kaifeng city was besieged by the Jin army, and epidemic diseases prevailed in the city, and many people starved to death. ? [56]?
Song Qinzong
In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Song Qinzong was abolished and demoted to Shu Ren. On the 7th, Song Huizong was forced to go to Jin Ying. The ruler established another Zhang Bangchang and a puppet regime called "Da Chu"? [58]? . Qin Hui was plundered by the Jin people to the Five Kingdoms City. The harem of the Northern Song Dynasty and a large number of wives of officials and women were mortgaged to the State of Jin, and most of them were buried in the laundry room, the brothel of the State of Jin, which was called the shame of Jingkang or the disaster of Jingkang in history. ? [59]? Be loyal to the public and loyal to the Hou. The last two people died in a foreign land, Wu Guocheng. ? [56]? [60]?
Song Huizong made no achievements in court affairs, but made great achievements in painting and calligraphy. Hui Zong's calligraphy and painting play an important role in China's art history. Hui Zong created a thin gold body and attached importance to calligraphy and painting. The status of Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute has been greatly improved, and Zhang Zeduan, the author of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, was promoted by him. Even his son Zhao Gou was edified and became an outstanding calligrapher. ? [56]?
Jianyan Du Nan
See: Jian Yan, Yue Fei Northern Expedition, Shao Yi.
Rebuilding Song Gaozong in Song Dynasty in Jiangnan Area
In the disaster of Jingkang, Jin captured many royal families in Song Dynasty, and Kang Wang was one of them. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Zhao Gou went south from Jeju to Yingtianfu, the capital of Nanjing, and became Song Gaozong. Yu Hongqing Palace visited the Taizu Hall. [6 1]? Change Yuan to build Yan and rebuild the Song Dynasty. Half a year later, in order to avoid the nomads from attacking, he was demoted to Yangzhou, Suzhou (later promoted to Pingjiang Prefecture), jiangning house (later promoted to Jiankang Prefecture, now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), Yuezhou (later promoted to Shaoxing Prefecture), Hangzhou and other places in the name of "running in".
The ruler also rushed to Hangzhou all the way south. Song Gaozong had no way to escape, so he had to escape into the sea and drifted along the coast of Wenzhou for four months. Due to the humid weather in the south and the heroic resistance of the soldiers and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty, Commander Jin decided to withdraw his troops to the north. When Han Shizhong retreated to Zhenjiang in the north, he was cut off by the Song Dynasty, and as a result, he was forced into Huangtiandang. Song Jun besieged/kloc-0,000,000 herdsmen with 8,000 troops, and the two sides were deadlocked for 48 days. Finally, the nomads opened the gap through fire attack and they were able to retreat. Nomads were defeated by Yue Fei again in Jiankang and never dared to cross the river again. ? [62-64]?
In July (1 129), Hangzhou was promoted to Lin 'an Prefecture. In the eighth year of Shaoxing (1 138), Lin 'an government was its capital, and actually "walked in". ? [65]?
Lin 'an is good at it.
Song and Jin wars
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei was the most famous of the "Four Generals of Zhongxing". He seized the land controlled by the pseudo-Qi regime supported by the Jin Dynasty through the Northern Expedition. Until I left Zhuxian Town, which is only forty-five miles away. Northern rebels also responded to Yue Fei. So that the Jin people lamented that "it is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the Yue family army", and once planned to give up Kaifeng and cross the river and flee north. But at this time, Song Gaozong won 12 gold, urging Yue Fei to transfer troops, and the achievements of the Northern Expedition were destroyed.
In November of the 11th year of Shaoxing (1 14 1), Song and Jin reached the Shaoxing Peace Conference? [66]? . Every year in the Song Dynasty, 252,000 pieces of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk were paid to Jin. Later, Yue Fei was killed on trumped-up charges, and the coffins of Song Gaozong's biological father Song Huizong and his biological mother Wei Ruyun were sent back to the Southern Song Dynasty. ? [64]?
Song Gaozong's southward migration route (5 photos)
Song Gaozong appointed Qin Gui as Prime Minister. After he came to power, he persecuted dissident officials, married his consorts and made friends with ministers. Song Gaozong only acquiesced in Qin Gui's behavior. Later, due to the great power of Qin Gui, Song Gaozong was alarmed. For example, Song Gaozong personally ordered Qin Gui's grandson to lose the top prize. Qin Gui's power is declining. In the 25th year of Shaoxing (1 155), Qin Gui was seriously ill, and he planned to let his son take over, but Song Gaozong refused and died soon? [67]? . ? [64]?
After Qin Gui's death, on the one hand, Song Gaozong attacked other parties, on the other hand, it reused capitulator officials. Song Gaozong lost his fertility, so he chose his successor from two descendants of Mao and Zhao Yun. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Zhao Yuan was made Prince and renamed Zhao Shen.
In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), King Jin Hailing invaded the south and was repelled in quarrying. This incident led to Song Gaozong's resignation. In June 32, 56-year-old Emperor Gaozong abdicated and Prince Zhao Shen ascended the throne for Song Xiaozong. He called the emperor's father himself. He lives in Deshou Palace. After Emperor Gaozong became the emperor's father, he indulged himself and spent a lot of money. ? [64]? [68]?
Four generals of Zhongxing in Song Dynasty
Pian' an Jiangnan
See: Long He Xing Yi, four trees and three fierce.
After Song Xiaozong acceded to the throne, he reformed and tried to restore it. When the Song Dynasty entered a period of relative prosperity, Song Xiaozong rehabilitated Yue Fei's unjust imprisonment and recovered the Central Plains with hawks. In April of the first year of Longxing (1 163), Song Xiaozong ordered Li Xianzhong and Shao Hongyuan to send troops to the Northern Expedition. Although the Northern Expedition was once successful, it failed in only 20 days because of the discord among generals and the thought of underestimating the enemy. Later, I had to negotiate with Kim. In the second year of Longxing (1 164), in December, Song and Jin formally signed a peace treaty, which was called Longxing Peace Treaty in history. ? [69-7 1]?
However, Song Xiaozong is still obsessed with restoring the Central Plains and continuing to rearm. However, due to the death of a group of hawkish generals, the Northern Expedition came to an end. In the internal affairs, Song Xiaozong actively rectified the bureaucracy, eliminated redundant staff, punished corruption, strengthened centralization and attached importance to agricultural production. Generally speaking, the internal situation of the Song Dynasty has changed. After Song Gaozong's death, Song Xiaozong became increasingly indifferent to politics and finally decided to give way to his son Zhao Dun, that is, Song Guangzong. However, Song Guangzong suffered from mental illness shortly after he acceded to the throne, and he was very unfilial to himself, which made Song Xiaozong very sad. In the fifth year of Shao Xi (1 194), Song Xiaozong died in July. ? [69]? [72]?
Song Guangzong was jealous and distrustful of the ministers around his father Xiaozong, so he became more and more crazy two years after he ascended the throne. After Song Xiaozong died, Song Guangzong refused to mourn. Lin' an city is chaotic and the situation is unstable. Imperial clan Zhao Ruyu and Zhao Yanyue began to secretly plan the new monarch. Finally, Empress Dowager Cixi issued a letter, and Song Guangzong was regarded as the emperor's father. Zhao Kuo, his son, acceded to the throne as Song Ningzong and was renamed Qingyuan (1 195). Six years later, Song Guangzong died.
History shows that Song Ningzong is "unwise" and has a low IQ. It used to be controlled by two powerful ministers, Han Biaozhou and Shi. ? [73]? Although Song Ningzong's IQ is very low, on the whole, he is still a loyal master. ? [69]?
domestic trouble and foreign invasion
Song Ningzong
See: the Northern Expedition, the end of the flat into Romania.
In the early days of the founding of Song Ningzong, Zhao Ruyu served as prime minister. Zhao Ruyu's political integrity is very good. However, due to the impoliteness of the royal family as prime minister and the incitement of Han Biaozhou, he was eventually dismissed. But people still miss him very much, and there are mourning poems on the gate of Lin 'an every day. In order to thoroughly eliminate Zhao Ruyu's influence and exclude dissidents, Han Biaozhou founded a party ban in Qingyuan under the guise of academics. Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism is called "pseudo-Confucianism", and the ministers who believe in Cheng Zhu's Neo-Confucianism in the DPRK are even more opposed to Han Biaozhou. Han Yizhou took this opportunity to expel all the literati who believed in Neo-Confucianism from the government. ? [74]?
In the sixth year of Qingyuan (1200), Han Biaozhou saw that Neo-Confucianism was no longer a threat, so he lifted the party ban. However, the ban within the party is unpopular. In order to win over scholars, Han Biaozhou used the name of the Northern Expedition to confuse people? [75]? . In the second year of the jubilee (1206), Han Tuo Prefecture rashly carried out the Northern Expedition, which soon failed. The failure of the Northern Expedition made Hantuo a target of public criticism. His political opponents used this to form an alliance with the main pacifists and the opposition in South Korea. The Jin people regard killing Han Yazhou as one of the conditions for peace talks.
On November 3rd of the third year of the Jubilee (1207), Shi and others forged a secret order to kill Han Shuanzhou. Since then, the period of dictatorship has begun. Stone colluded with Queen Yang to monopolize power. ? [74]? [76]?
Song Ningzong had eight sons, but they all died. So Zhao Qi, the son of Liyi, became the Prince. Zhao is very dissatisfied with his dictatorship. Therefore, Shi abolished the throne of the Prince and made Zhao Yun the heir to the throne. In the seventeenth year of Jiading (1224), Song Ningzong died on August 3rd. Zhao Yun succeeded to the throne for Song Lizong. But continue its dictatorship, and pursue the strategy of keeping a low profile. ? [74]?
Song Lizong
Less than six years in October (1233), stone dead. Finally got rid of the shadow of. The following year, Song Lizong reformed the Yuan Dynasty and carried out a series of reform measures, which was called "Pinger" in history. When the old party was abolished, the state affairs once improved. At the same time, in the north, the rulers are facing Mongolia's gradual advance and national subjugation. North Korea's foreign policy is also divided into two factions, one of which believes that Mongolia should be United against gold; The other school thinks that we should keep in mind the truth that the lips are dead and the teeth are cold and the lessons of the maritime alliance, help the Jin Dynasty and make it a fan of the Song Dynasty. ? [74]? [77]?
In December (1232), Mongolia sent envoys to discuss the cooperation between Song and Mongolia in attacking gold. Most ministers of the dynasty agreed, but only Zhao Fan opposed it. Song Lizong agreed to Mongolia's request, and Mongolia also promised to return Henan to the Song Dynasty after destroying the gold. But this is only an oral agreement, leaving no written agreement, laying the groundwork for future troubles. When Jin Aizong was informed, he also sent envoys to the Song Dynasty to state his interests, hoping to unite against Mongolia, but Song Lizong refused. Song Lizong appointed Shi Songzhi to be responsible for clearing gold.
Less than six years (AD 1233), Song Jun conquered Dengzhou. In May of the first year of Duanping (AD 1234), Cai Zhou was conquered, Jin Aizong hanged himself, and the ruler perished. Song Meng Gong brought Jin Aizong's body back to Lin 'an. Song Lizong enshrined the remains of Jin Aizong in the ancestral temple to comfort Hui and Qin? [78]? . ? [74]?
Resist the Mongols
Stone ladder path leading to the gate of Hechuan Fishing City
After the demise of the Jin Dynasty, the Mongolian army retreated northward, leaving Henan empty. Li Zong intends to seize the customs (Tongguan), defend the river (Yellow River) and recover the three capitals (Kaifeng in Tokyo, Yingtian in Nanjing and Luoyang in Xijing). [79]? Recover the Central Plains. In May of the first year of Duanping (1234), Li Zong appointed Zhao Kui as the head coach and Quan Zi as the pioneer, and sent a letter to send troops to Henan. On June 12, Quanzi recovered Nanjing. On July 5th, Song Jun entered Kaifeng. However, the fighter plane was delayed because of poor food and grass. When Song Jun attacked Luoyang, he was ambushed by Mongols and suffered heavy losses. Song Jun was defeated on all fronts. Duanping failed to enter Romania, and Song suffered heavy losses in this campaign, and a large number of elite soldiers and materials were wasted, which also provided an excuse for Mongolia to invade Song later. After Duan Ping entered Romania, he was lazy in politics, lustful and bad at governing the country. [80]? .
Song Duzong
Both of his sons died young, so in the end, Japanese Sect chose the son of his younger brother Zhao Herui as the Crown Prince. Because Zhao Qi's mother took abortion drugs during pregnancy, Zhao Qi was born with birth defects. In June of the first year of Ding Jing (1260), Li Zongli made Zhao Qi the Prince. On December 26th, the fifth year of Ding Jing (1264), Song Lizong died, and Zhao Qi acceded to the throne for Song Duzong. After Song Duzong acceded to the throne, he ignored state affairs and indulged in debauchery all day long. Jia Sidao, the right prime minister, usurped power. Jia Sidao ganged up for personal gain and rejected dissidents. Playing with wives and concubines in Geling Mountain Villa all day, because he is good at fighting crickets, people call him "Prime Minister Cricket". He forbade Song Duzong to know about the front war. Xiangyang, FanCheng besieged for three years, Song Duzong didn't know. ? [8 1]?
In the second year of Duanping (1235), the Mongolian army invaded south for the first time and was repelled. Unwilling to fail, the Mongolian army invaded south twice in September of the following year and in the third year, and the front almost approached the north bank of the Yangtze River. Because Song Jun fought bravely and defeated the Mongols, he once again foiled the Mongols' attempt to cross the river. Subsequently, under the command of anti-Mongolian generals Meng Gong, Meng Ying, Yu Jie and others, the soldiers and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty defeated the Mongolian army many times, forcing it to make a detour.
In the year of Kai Qing Yuan (1259), Mongolian Khan Mengge was wounded by Song Jun's arrow while fighting in Hezhou and died in the army. His brother Kublai Khan fought Song Jun in Ezhou. After hearing the news, he immediately prepared to withdraw his troops in order to seize the position of Khan. Jia Sidao took the opportunity to send someone to make peace with Kublai Khan to ensure peace. ? [80]? In the seventh year of spring (127 1), Kublai Khan founded the country as a yuan in most cities. In the tenth year of Xianchun (1274), Song Duzong died on July 9th at the age of 35. ? [80]? [8 1]?
Yashan naval battle
wen tianxiang
After Song Duzong's death, his eldest son, Zhao Xian, acceded to the throne as Song Gongzong. At that time, the rule of the Song Dynasty was paralyzed. In the spring of the first year of Deyou (1275), the Yuan army captured the military towns of Anqing and Chizhou, threatening Jiankang, and the Yangtze River defense line collapsed. People from all walks of life hope that Jia Sidao can go to war after the earthquake in the ruling and opposition parties. As a result, Song Jun was defeated. Jia Sidao was demoted and killed by prison officer Zheng Huchen on his way to his post. In the same year 1 1 October 20th, Changzhou fell. Soon Pingjiang also fell, and Lin 'an was in a panic. In the second year of Deyou (1276), on the fifth day of February, a surrender ceremony was held in Lin 'an City, and Song Gongzong was captured. The Southern Song Dynasty perished? [82]? . Songshi and the patriotic soldiers and civilians did not surrender, but desperately resisted. ? [8 1]?
Zhao Xian's younger brothers Zhao Min and Zhao Min escaped from Lin 'an under the protection of the minister. Zhao Yun ascended the throne in Fuzhou, namely Song Duanzong and Yuan Jingyan (1276). Wen Tianxiang organized soldiers and civilians to resist the Yuan invasion on land, while Chen, Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu and others escorted Zhao Min and Zhao Min to the south by boat and drifted at sea, forming a trip to the DPRK. In the spring of the third year of Jingyan (1278), the small court arrived in Leizhou. On April 15th, Zhao Yun died at the age of eleven. Lu Xiufu and other ministers acclaimed Zhao Min as emperor and returned to Yuan for auspicious purposes. ? [8 1]?
Under the onslaught of the Yuan Army, Leizhou fell. The small court moved to Yashan (Xinhui, Guangdong). After Zhang Hongfan, a general of the Han people, led the Yuan army to pursue and launch a general attack on the cliff mountain, and Song Jun was defeated. Zhao Min jumped into the sea with Lu Xiufu and more than 800 members of the Song Zhao royal family? [83]? . Zhang Shijie led the rest of the water army to break through and came to the foot of Hailing Mountain. I heard that Lu Xiufu was saddled with the sad news of martyrdom. Zhang Shijie was heartbroken and fell into the sea, and patriotic soldiers and civilians threw themselves into the sea. At this point, the Song Dynasty declared complete extinction. ? [3]? Zhang Hongfan specially set up a monument "Zhang Hongfan destroyed the Song Dynasty here". ? [84]?
The battle of Yashan was extremely tragic. After the war1100,000 people committed suicide and died, and bodies were everywhere in the sea. Wen Tianxiang witnessed the tragedy with his own eyes and wrote a poem: "When Jie came, people died in chaos. The waves tore the heart and cracked the lungs, and the wind blew. " ?