Li Bai (February 28, 701-762), courtesy name Taibai, was born in Qinglian Township, Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province. His name is Qinglian Jushi, also known as "Exiled Immortal". The poet of the Tang Dynasty in China is known as the "Poetry Immortal" and "Poetry Hero". The Collection of Li Taibai has been handed down from generation to generation, and most of the poems were written when he was drunk. The representative works include "Looking at the Waterfall of Mount Lu", "The Difficulty of Traveling", "The Difficulty of the Road to Shu", "About to Enter the Wine", "Yin of Liang Fu", "Early Hair Gray". "Imperial City" and many other songs.
Li Bai was born in Chengji, Longxi (now Longcheng, Qin'an County, Gansu Province), and was born in Qinglian Township, Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province on the sixteenth day of the first lunar month [1][2][February 28] in 701. Another theory is that his father was born in Suiye City (today's Tokmak City in Kyrgyzstan), which was demoted from the Central Plains to the Western Regions of Central Asia. He moved back to Changlong County, Mianzhou, Sichuan when he was 4 years old. (Today's Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province). The great romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty in China was revered as the "Poetic Immortal" by later generations. Most of his poems mainly described landscapes and expressed inner emotions. He and Du Fu are both called "Li Du". Li Bai was born in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but he spent most of his life wandering, traveling throughout most of China. He left Sichuan alone at the age of 20 and began to roam extensively, reaching Dongting and Xiangjiang River in the south and Wu and Yue in the east. He lived in Anlu (today's Anlu City, Hubei Province) and Yingshan (today's Guangshui City, Hubei Province). He traveled around, hoping to make friends and visit celebrities, so that he could be recommended and climb to high positions to realize his political ideals and ambitions. However, after ten years of wandering, nothing was achieved. He continued to travel north to Taiyuan and Chang'an (today's Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), to Qi and Shandong in the east, and settled in Rencheng, Shandong Province (today's Jining City, Shandong Province). By this time he had made friends with many celebrities and composed a large number of excellent poems. Li Bai did not want to take the exam to become an official. He hoped to rely on his own talents and get an official career through the recommendation of others, but he was never appreciated by others. He once wrote a "Letter to Han Jingzhou" to Han Jingzhou, a famous scholar of the dynasty, to recommend himself, but he did not get a reply. Until the first year of Tianbao (742), due to the recommendation of Taoist priest Wu Jun, Li Bai was summoned to Chang'an to worship the Imperial Academy. His writing style became world-famous. Li Bai was initially appreciated by Xuanzong for his talent, but later because he could not be accepted by the powerful, he abandoned his official position after only three years in Beijing, and continued his wandering life. In the second year of the Anshi Rebellion (756), he was indignant about the difficult times and joined the shogunate of Yongwang Li Lin. Unfortunately, King Yong and Suzong had a struggle for the throne. After their defeat, Li Bai was implicated and exiled to Yelang (in today's Guizhou), but was pardoned on the way. In his later years, he wandered around the southeast, where he lived under Li Yangbing, the magistrate of Dangtu County, and died of illness soon after. Since Li Bai was a boy, he often went to Daitian Mountain to find Taoist priests from Taoist temples to talk about Taoist scriptures. Later, he lived in seclusion in Minshan Mountain with a hermit named Dong Yanzi, devoted himself to studying, and did not enter the city for many years. They raised many exotic birds and became animal breeders in the mountains and forests where they lived. These beautiful and docile birds, because they are used to being raised, fly here regularly to beg for food. They seem to understand people's language. With a call, they fly down from all directions and fall in front of the steps. They can even peck at grains from people's hands. Grain, not afraid at all. This incident was spread as an anecdote far and wide, and eventually the governor of Mianzhou went to the mountains to watch the birds eating. The governor saw that they could command the movements of birds and believed that they had Tao skills, so he wanted to recommend them to take the Tao exam. However, both of them politely refused. Zhao Rui, a famous political strategist at that time, was also a good friend of Li Bai. In the fourth year of Kaiyuan (716 AD), he wrote ten volumes of "The Long and Short Classics". Li Bai was only sixteen years old at that time. Zhao Rui's strategist-style work studied the similarities and differences of the Six Classics, analyzed the world situation, and emphasized the rise and fall of chaos, which aroused Li Bai's great interest. In the future, he was determined to make great achievements and loved to talk about the ways of kings and dominators. It was also influenced by this book.
In the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan (725 AD), Li Bai left Shu, "went to the country with his sword, said goodbye to his relatives and traveled far away". He took a boat out of the gorge along the river, and gradually went further and further away. The mountains of his hometown gradually disappeared and became unrecognizable. Only the water flowing out of the Three Gorges still followed him, pushing his boat forward, and taking him to a strange and distant place. Go to the city.
An encounter with Sima Chengzhen in Jiangling
What Li Bai did not expect was that he would have an extraordinary meeting in Jiangling. He actually met Sitaibai Zuoqingping, a Taoist priest revered by three generations of emperors. Adjust the picture
[3] Ma Chengzhen. Sima Chengzhen, a Taoist priest from Tiantai, not only learned a complete set of Taoist spells, but he was also good at writing seal script and his poems were as elegant as immortals.
Xuanzong respected him very much. He once summoned him to the inner hall to ask for advice on Buddhist scriptures. He also built a balcony for him and sent his sister Princess Yuzhen to learn Taoism with her. Li Bai was naturally very happy to see this favored Taoist priest, and even sent his own poems for his review. Sima Chengzhen admired Li Bai's majestic appearance and extraordinary talents at first sight. When he read his poems and essays, he was even more amazed, praising him as "having the spirit of an immortal and capable of traveling to the eight extremes with the spirit." Because he saw that Li Bai not only had extraordinary appearance and bearing, but also had extraordinary talents and writings, and he was not obsessed with the honors and officials of the world. This was a talent he had not seen in the government and in the public sector for decades, so he used the highest Taoist Praise him with words of praise. This means that he has "immortal roots", that is, he has the innate factors to become an immortal. This is similar to He Zhizhang's later praise of him as an "immortal", which means that he is regarded as an extraordinary person. This is the general impression that Li Bai's demeanor and poetry style give people. Li Bai was delighted by Sima Chengzhen's high evaluation. He is determined to pursue an eternal and immortal world like "Wandering to the Eight Extremes of the Divine World". When he was excited, he wrote a great poem "Ode to the Dapeng Encountering a Rare Bird", using the Dapeng as a metaphor for itself and exaggerating the size and speed of the Dapeng. This is Li Bai's earliest famous article. From Jiangling, he began his journey of thousands of miles.
Buried friends in Dongting
Li Bai went south from Jiangling, passed through Yueyang, and then southward, he arrived at one of the destinations of his trip. However, while boating in Dongting, an unfortunate thing happened. Li Bai's traveling companion from Shu, Wu Zhizhi, died of a sudden illness (or was beaten to death). Li Bai was so grief-stricken that he fell beside his friend and cried loudly, "weeping all the way and then bleeding." Because he cried so painfully, passersby shed tears when they heard him. Encountering such misfortunes on the journey, Li Bai had no choice but to temporarily bury Wu Guide at the Dongting Lake and continue his eastward journey, determined to carry his friend's bones after his southeast trip. Li Bai came to Lushan Mountain and composed the popular song "Looking at the Lushan Waterfall".
Jiangnan and his party
Li Bai arrived at Jinling, the ancient capital of the Sixth Dynasty. The mountains and rivers here are majestic, tigers and dragons sit on top of each other, and the palaces of the Six Dynasties are clearly visible. This not only caused Li Bai's Taibai Drunk Picture
[4] to express a lot of emotion, but also aroused his pride in the era he lived in. He believed that the capital in the past was in a state of decline and there was nothing to see and it was not as good as the peaceful scene that the current emperor ruled from the top down and the world was peaceful. Although Jinling's domineering power has disappeared, the children of Jinling received Li Bai affectionately. When Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, Wu Ji poured wine, and the children of Jinling greeted each other attentively, frequently raising glasses to encourage people to drink. The feeling of farewell flowed through people's hearts like a river flowing eastward, making it unforgettable. After Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, he headed for Yangzhou from the river. Yangzhou was an international city at that time. Li Bai had never seen such a lively city before and spent some time with his fellow travelers. In midsummer, Li Bai and some young friends "tied their horses to hang under the willows, holding cups on the side of the road. They saw green water in the sky and green mountains in the sea." It was very pleasant. In the autumn, he fell ill in Huainan (where his governance was in Yangzhou). Lying ill in a foreign country, he had many thoughts. He lamented that his hope for success was slim, and he missed his hometown deeply. The only thing that could bring him some comfort were letters from friends far away. After Li Bai recovered from his illness in Huainan, he went to Suzhou again. This is the place where King Wu Fu Chai and the beautiful lady Xi Shi sang and danced day and night. Li Bai felt nostalgic about the past and wrote an epic poem "Wu Qi Qu". This poem was later praised by He Zhizhang, saying that it "can make ghosts and gods weep." From this point of view, although Li Bai's Yuefu poems sometimes use old titles, they often have new ideas. The historical relics in Suzhou certainly aroused Li Bai's nostalgia for the past, and the beautiful and innocent Wu Ji and Yue Nu made Li Bai highly praised. At the foot of Nitaluo Mountain in Huansha, Xishi in the past, Li Bai left beautiful sketches of the Yue girls on the Huansha stone with his wonderful pen. Li Bai returned from Yuexi and returned to Jingmen. He stayed in Jingmen for three months. Although he was homesick, he had no achievements in his career and found it difficult to return home. Finally, he decided to wander again. First, he came to Dongting Lake and moved the bones of Wu Guanzhi to Jiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei). He met Seng Xingrong in Jiangxia and learned about Meng Haoran's personality from him, so he went to Xiangyang to meet Meng Haoran, and thus wrote the famous five-rhythm poem "Gift to Meng Haoran". Soon, Li Bai arrived in Anlu, in Xiaoshou Mountain. The Taoist temple stayed. However, living in seclusion here was not a long-term solution. He still wanted to look for opportunities to advance in his official career. While living in seclusion in Shoushan, Li Bai used lobbying methods to make friends with officials and improve his reputation.
Li Bai's literary talent was appreciated by Xu Yushi, the prime minister of Empress Wu, and he was recruited as his son-in-law. Li Bai and his wife Xu lived a happy married life under the Peach Blossom Rock in Baizhao Mountain, which is close to Xu's family. However, the beautiful married life did not weaken Li Bai's ambition to wander around in pursuit of success. Based on his wife's family in Anzhou, he traveled several times and got acquainted with some officials and noble princes. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734 AD), he paid an audience with Han Chaozong, the governor of Jingzhou and the governor of Xiangzhou.
Edit this paragraph and enter Chang'an
Feudal emperors often hunted in winter. After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty came to the throne, he went on many hunts, and each time he brought foreign envoys with him to show off his power and intimidate neighboring countries. In the twenty-third year of Kaiyuan (AD 735), Xuanzong went hunting again, and Li Bai happened to be traveling to the West. He wrote "The Great Hunting Fu" in the hope of winning Xuanzong's appreciation. His "Great Hunting Fu" intends to use "the great road to support the king and show the vastness of things", and "the holy garden is wild and desolate, and the world is exhausted". It has a vast territory and a situation that is very different from that of the previous generation. It boasts that this dynasty is far away. Victory over the Han Dynasty, and preached Taoist Xuanzang at the end, in order to fit Xuanzong's sentiments of advocating Taoism at that time.
[5] The purpose of Li Bai's coming to the west was to offer gifts. In addition, he also took the opportunity to visit Chang'an and appreciate the scenery of this imperial capital where "all nations worshiped". He lived at the foot of Zhongnan Mountain and often climbed to the top of Zhongnan Mountain to look into the distance. When he climbed to the north peak of Zhongnan Mountain, the scenery of a vast country appeared in front of him. He deeply felt that living in such a country was extraordinary, so he was quite proud of it. Feeling of pride. But when he thought that there were factors of decay within this prosperous empire, his high mood was hit again. After Li Bai entered Chang'an, he met Wei Wei Zhang Qing, and through him he presented poems to Princess Yuzhen. The sentence says "when there are young people, the Queen Mother should meet again", which is to wish her to become an immortal. Li Bai also stated in the poem to Wei Wei Zhang Qing that he was in a difficult situation and hoped to be recommended and willing to serve the court. From this, he took a step forward. Li Bai also met He Zhizhang this time in Chang'an. Li Bai once went to Ziji Palace and unexpectedly met He Zhizhang there. He had already read He Zhizhang's poems. This encounter was natural. He immediately came forward to pay homage and presented the poem in his sleeve. He Zhizhang admired "The Road to Shu" and "Wu Qi Qu" very much. He excitedly took off the golden turtle on his belt and asked people to go out to change wine and have a drink with Li Bai. He Zhizhang was so surprised by Li Bai's magnificent poems and his elegant demeanor that he said: "Have you descended from the Taibai Venus to the earth?" A year passed, and Li Bai was still a guest in Chang'an without a chance to take up the post. He felt a little sad. Frustrated. His friend sincerely invited him to live in seclusion in Qingshan Zhiyang, but Li Bai had no intention of going. This time he went to Chang'an with the ideal of making achievements, but nothing happened, which made Li Bai feel disappointed and a little angry. He went to the prince's door to pray, but he was very dissatisfied. He could only sigh that "it's difficult to go back," and left Chang'an.
Edit this paragraph and give him money to return.
The 42-year-old Li Bai was recommended by Princess Yuzhen, the sister of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (it is said that he was introduced by the Taoist priest Wu Yun). When he arrived in Chang'an, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appreciated Li Bai's talent and treated him with great courtesy. Li Yangbing's "Preface to the Thatched Cottage Collection" said: "The Chariot Steps". Welcome, it's like seeing Qi Hao (one of the "Four Li Bai Pictures in Shangshan
Hao" between Qin and Han Dynasties). "I give food on a seven-treasure bed, and use my hand to spoon the rice." ". But Tang Xuanzong only asked him to serve the Imperial Academy and be his literary attendant. Three years later, he was "returned with gold" by Tang Xuanzong. Three years of living in Chang'an gave Li Bai a better understanding of all kinds of corruption and darkness in the court. Being "gifted with gold and returned" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was a watershed in Li Bai's political career. In the first year of Tianbao (AD 742), Xuanzong read Li Bai's poems and admired him very much because of the praise he received from Princess Yuzhen and He Zhizhang. He summoned Li Bai to the palace. On the day Li Bai came to the palace to see him, Xuanzong came down to greet him, "put food in front of him on a seven-treasure bed, and spooned the soup with his own hands." Xuanzong asked about some contemporary affairs. Xuanzong was greatly impressed, and immediately ordered Li Bai to serve in the Imperial Academy, where his duties were to draft proclamations and accompany the emperor. Whenever Xuanzong had banquets or outings, he would order Li Bai to accompany him and use his agile poetic talent to write poems to record his achievements. His writings were also passed down to later generations to show off to future generations. Li Bai was so favored by Xuanzong that his colleagues were envious of him, but some people also felt jealous because of it. I also often walk in Chang'an City.
He discovered that the country's prosperity contained a deep crisis, and that was the tyrannical eunuchs and arrogant relatives who were closest to the emperor. They enveloped Chang'an and China like dark clouds, giving Li Bai a strong sense of depression. At the same time, Li Bai's dissolute behavior was slandered by Zhang Tan, a Hanlin scholar, and some rifts arose between the two. Li Bai was deeply moved by the corruption of the government and the slander of his colleagues. He wrote a poem "The Hanlin Reading Words are presented to all the virtuous scholars" to express his intention to return to the mountain. Unexpectedly, at this moment, he was given gold and returned, which seemed to surprise Li Bai. It seems that Li Bai said something inappropriate when he was given the gold release this time.
Edit this paragraph to travel far again
Meet Du Fu by chance
In the summer of the third year of Tianbao (744 AD), Li Bai arrived in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Here, he met Du Fu, who was having a hard time. Two of the greatest poets in the history of Chinese literature met. At this time, Li Bai had become famous throughout the country, while Du Fu was in his prime, but he was trapped in Luocheng. Li Bai's Immortal Statue
[6] Li Bai was eleven years older than Du Fu, but he did not use his talent and reputation to be arrogant in front of Du Fu; instead, he was "a rich man and an alcoholic" and "all his friends were old." "Du Fu did not bow his head in praise in front of Li Bai. The two of them established a deep friendship as equals. When they were in Luoyang, they made an appointment to meet in Liang and Song Dynasties (today's Shangqiu area of ????Kaifeng) to visit Taoism and seek immortality. In the autumn of the same year, the two came to Liang and Song Dynasties as promised. The two of them expressed their feelings and emotions here, and used the past to comment on the present. They also met the poet Gao Shi here, who did not have a salary at this time. However, the three of them have their own ambitions and the same ideals. The three people had a great time traveling, commenting on articles and poems, and talking about the general trend of the world. They were all worried about the hidden dangers of the country. Li and Du were both in their prime at this time, and their creative discussions would have a positive impact on them in the future. In the autumn and winter of this year, Li and Du broke up again, each looking for a Taoist disciple to make Zhen Zhen (the secret text of Taoism) and teach Tao Zhen. Li Bai went to Qizhou (today's Jinan area of ????Shandong) and was taught the Taoist teachings by Gao Tianshi Rugui, a Taoist priest from the Ziji Palace in Ziji Palace. From then on, he officially fulfilled the Taoist rituals and became a Taoist priest. Later, Li Bai went to Anling County, Texas, and met Gai Liao, a man in this area who was good at writing talisman and seal scripts, and built the Zhenhuan for him. This time, Li Bai achieved perfect results in his quest for immortality. In the autumn of the fourth year of Tianbao (745 AD), Li Bai and Du Fu met for the third time in Donglu. In just over a year, they met twice and met three times, and their friendship continued to deepen. Together they searched for the hermit master, and also went to Qizhou to visit Li Yong, a world-famous essayist and calligrapher at that time. In the winter of this year, the two broke up, and Li Bai prepared to revisit Jiangdong.
Arrived in Yangzhou
Li Bai left Donglu and took a boat from Rencheng to Yangzhou along the canal. Since he was in a hurry to go to Kuaiji to meet Yuan Danqiu, he didn't stay much longer. When he arrived in Kuaiji, Li Bai first went to pay his respects to the deceased He Zhizhang. Soon, Kong Chaowen also arrived in Kuaiji, so Li Bai, Yuandanqiu and Kong Chaowen visited historical sites such as Yu Cave and Orchid Pavilion, boated on Jinghu Lake, traveled to Shanxi and other places, wandered in the mountains and rivers, and impromptuly described the beauty of this area. Mountains and beautiful women. In Jinling, Li Bai met Cui Chengfu. Both were politically frustrated, and their sentiments were even more congenial. Every time you play, swim to your heart’s content, regardless of morning or evening. They went boating on the Qinhuai River and sang all night long, which astonished people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and clapped their hands to cheer them on. Because the two had similar personalities and similar experiences, they had a closer understanding and deeper friendship than ordinary friends. Therefore, Li Bai tied Cui Chengfu's poems to his clothes and recited them whenever he missed him.
Exploring Youyan
Li Bai wandered around Wuyue for several years, wandering. At this time, the country was in chaos, and the situation was getting worse year by year. Guided by the mood of taking the rise and fall of the world as his own responsibility, he decided to go to Youyan (today's Beijing area) to explore the truth. After arriving at Youyan, Li Bai saw with his own eyes the troops in Anlu Mountain, and the situation was very critical, but he was powerless. Two or three years before the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai roamed around the Xuancheng, Dangtu, Nanling, and Qiupu areas. He still had enough to live and feed, and often wrote poems and sent them to local officials for help. During this wandering, Li Bai died of illness due to his wife Xu, and he married Zong again. The family was changing and the country was troubled. While Li Bai was seeking immortality and learning Taoism, he was also trying to make contributions to the country. He was very concerned about the safety of the country. Although he was still wandering around, it was different from the past.
The editor of this paragraph was invited to enter the curtain
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai took refuge in Lushan. At that time, there were always two contradictory thoughts in his mind: retreating and helping the world. At this time, Yongwang Li Li left his army to patrol the east, and Li Bai was invited to enter the palace.
Li Bai went behind the scenes and urged King Yong and King Qin to destroy the thieves. He also made self-examination for his political lack of foresight. Xiao Yingshi, Kong Chaowen, and Liu Yan who were also in Jiangnan were also invited by King Yong but refused to participate in order to avoid disaster. Li Bai was obviously inferior to them in this regard. King Yong was defeated soon after, and Li Bai was imprisoned in Xunyang Prison. At this time, Cui Huan promoted Jiangnan and recruited talents. Li Bai wrote a poem asking for help, and his wife Zong also cried for help. Song Ruosi, who stationed three thousand Wu soldiers in Xunyang, rescued Li Bai from prison and allowed him to join the shogunate. Li Bai became Song Ruosi's staff, wrote some essays for Song, and followed him to Wuchang. Li Bai was highly regarded by Song Ruosi and recommended him to the court again in the name of Song, hoping to be appointed by the court again. But for some unknown reason, instead of being appointed, he was replaced by Changliu Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou), which was completely unexpected. In the winter of the second year of Zhide (757 AD), Li Bai traveled from Xunyang Road to Yelang, his place of exile. Because the crime he was sentenced was a long-lasting crime that would soon be gone forever, and Li Bai was already in his twilight years. "The wanderer wanders thousands of miles in the night, and the journey to the west makes people grow old." He couldn't help but feel even more sad.
Edit this paragraph and died of a serious illness
In the second year of Qianyuan (759 AD), Li Bai traveled to Wushan. Due to a severe drought in Guanzhong, the court announced a general amnesty and stipulated that the deceased should be exiled. Flow below full absolution. In this way, Li Bai finally gained freedom after a long period of wandering. He immediately sailed down the Yangtze River, and the famous song "Early Departure from Baidi City" best reflected his mood at that time. When he arrived in Jiangxia, Li Bai stayed for a while because his old friend Liang Zai was working as a prefect there. In the second year of Qianyuan, at the invitation of a friend, Li Bai once again went boating with the demoted Jia Zhi to admire the moon in the Dongting, thinking about the ancient feelings and writing poems to express his feelings. Soon, I returned to my old travel places of Xuancheng and Jinling. For almost two years, he traveled between the two places, still relying on others to make a living. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, Li Bai, who was in his early sixties, returned to Jinling due to illness. In Jinling, his life was quite difficult, and he had no choice but to seek refuge with his uncle Li Yangbing, who was the county magistrate in Dangtu. In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (762 AD), Li Bai was seriously ill. He gave the manuscript to Li Yangbing on his sick bed, composed the "Death Song" and passed away at the age of sixty-two. Regarding Li Bai's death, there have always been different opinions and no consensus. Generally speaking, it can be summarized into three ways of death: one is death by drunkenness, the other is death by illness, and the third is death by drowning. The first way of death is found in the "Old Book of Tang Dynasty", which states that Li Bai "died in Xuancheng due to excessive drinking"; the second way of death is also found in other official histories or research by experts and scholars. It is said that when Li Guangbi was in the east town of Linhuai, Li Bai ignored the 61-year-old age and went to ask for a tassel to kill the enemy after hearing the news. He hoped to do his best to save the country from danger in his twilight years. He returned due to illness and died of illness the next year. The magistrate of Dangtu County, Tang Dynasty The most famous seal calligrapher of the time, Li Yang Bingchu; the third way of death is often found in folklore, which is very romantic. It is said that Li Bai was drinking on the Dangtu River, jumped into the water to catch the moon due to drunkenness, and drowned, which is very consistent with the poet's character. . But no matter which way he died, it was directly related to his participation in Yong Wang Li Lin's rebellion. Because Li Bai exiled Yelang, and soon after he was pardoned and returned, his legendary and bumpy life ended. This is an indisputable fact.