Main features:
Oracle Bone Inscriptions: Strong imagery, many strokes, thin lines and many strokes. Oracle Bone Inscriptions was carved with a knife. The knife was sharp and blunt, and the bone was thin and thick, hard and soft. Therefore, the strokes carved out were different in thickness, even as thin as hair, and the joints of the strokes were peeled off, thick and heavy.
There is no definite length or size in structure, or it is scattered and uneven; Or the dense layers are stacked, which is very neat and solemn, so it can show the infinite interest of simplicity and variety. Although the structure of Oracle Bone Inscriptions is different in size and complexity, it has a symmetrical and stable pattern. Therefore, some people think that China's calligraphy, strictly speaking, began in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, because Oracle Bone Inscriptions has prepared three elements of calligraphy, namely, using a pen, binding words and composing a composition.
Bronze inscriptions: From the perspective of calligraphy style and style, the bronze inscriptions in the early Western Zhou Dynasty are delicate and graceful in general, with obvious waves, rigorous structure and free strokes. The style of his early works is simple and unpretentious, and the hanging needle brushwork is more upright, which still has the influence of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. For example, during the reign of King Wu, the fonts of Li Chan and Tian Wu Chan (or Da Feng Chan) were simple and simple, and the strokes of Fiona Fang were simple and straight. In just 32 words, Li Chan described the important historical events of the Wu Dynasty, so he was called the Wu Dynasty. This is the earliest bronze carving found so far in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which pioneered the calligraphy of bronze inscriptions in the Western Zhou Dynasty. ? Later, the style was dignified and bold, which showed the unique art of inscriptions on bronze. Such as Ling, Bao Qisi when he became a king, and the big and generous tripod when he was in Kang. Calligraphy is simple and quaint, majestic and magnificent. No matter from the aspects of human form or Wang's character. He used a fat pen with obvious weight, which calligraphers called "wave body". Especially the bronze inscription on the cauldron, * * * *
19 line, 29 1
"Zi" records the achievements of Kang Wang's memorial and the founding of the country, with dignified and elegant writing, moderate size and vivid image. This is the highest achievement of bronze inscriptions in Cheng Kang, and its rubbings are still cherished by all calligraphers.
Seal script: seal script is a general term for the big seal script and the small seal script, and its characteristics are mainly in the following aspects: the shape of seal script is relatively thin, emphasizing that each word is horizontal and vertical. The shape of each word size is relatively average and the size is harmonious. The shape looks like a vertical rectangle from a distance, but the writing speed of seal script is very slow and inefficient. Seal script is a kind of font, and its shape is very similar to what is described, that is, pictographic characters. Seal script includes big seal script and small seal script. Seal script has experienced the development and changes of fonts such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen, and the representative figure is Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty. As a representative of ancient Chinese characters in China, seal script is a treasure of Chinese civilization.
1. Features of Dazhuan font
The seal script only appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Big seal has two characteristics: first, with the development and change, the shape of big seal is not very similar to that of things, which lays the foundation for modern Chinese characters; Second, the big seal script is very concise and writes smoothly.
2. The font features of Xiao Zhuan
Xiao Zhuan is a unified Chinese character form used by Qin Shihuang after the unification of the six countries in the Qin Dynasty, and it did not gradually withdraw from the historical stage until the end of the Western Han Dynasty. Features of seal script: the font of seal script is rectangular in the distance, and each stroke and painting is horizontal and vertical. In addition, biography also attaches great importance to the symmetry of words, including the left-right symmetry and the up-and-down symmetry of words. It took a lot of effort to run the pen smoothly.
Official script: The characteristics of official script mainly include:
The shape of 1. is slightly flat and tends to spread from left to right. The glyph expands from the inside to the left and right.
2. The nib is hidden in the structure of the font, and the dovetail is collected.
3. The strokes are square, without the roundness of Xiao Zhuan, and the glyphs are square.
4. In the process of writing official script, the succession of strokes fluctuates obviously, with thick and thin strokes.
Regular script: 1. The font is correct. 2. The strokes are neat. 3. There is no connection between structures, and each stroke is independent.
4. Writing is slow. Regular script doesn't have Lian Bi between strokes like cursive script and running script. Regular script requires extremely high starting and stopping strokes, so the writing speed will slow down to ensure the regularity of its font.
cursive script
There are many kinds of cursive scripts, namely, cursive seal, cursive official script, cursive chapters and sentences, cursive modern text and cursive madness. The main characteristics of cursive script are scribbling, conciseness, freedom, coherent strokes, smooth and rapid writing, and its form is more lively and agile than any other font. Specifically, it can be roughly summarized as the following three characteristics:
1. Simple stippling: Simplifying complexity and connecting stippling is one of the main features of cursive script. Cursive writing is fast, mainly because of simplification and Lian Bi. So now cursive stippling is simplified and strokes are reduced. This phenomenon is quite common. Generally, more than two strokes are used for one stroke, and strokes between adjacent words can be borrowed to rationalize and deform the difficult stippling. Secondly, the simplicity of cursive stippling is also reflected in the wide application of cursive symbols. The cursive script symbol is a conventional simple symbol that replaces the radical or whole word of cursive script, and it is another simple writing method completely different from the original word of cursive script. The use of cursive symbols greatly simplifies cursive writing. In addition, for big grass and weeds, it is often manifested in the simplification of specific strokes, such as omitting decorative factors such as before and after hiding when writing.
2. Structural activity: As for the structure of cursive script, we haven't found any specific rules yet, because the structure of cursive script is flexible and changeable, and it is difficult to stipulate it with unified standards. Of course, cursive script also follows the rules of "avoiding it with insertion" and "bowing over the back" to a certain extent, but it is much more flexible and rich. Grass, in particular, is often a combination of words, and the structure of a single word is partially or completely broken, forming a "structural unit" of a group of words. It can be said that the cursive structure is the most eclectic, completely getting rid of the principle of "slow and steady" in regular script, and forming a lively, strange and changeable style.
3. Composition: Compared with other books, cursive script is more dynamic and vivid, and its composition is more varied. On the one hand, word spacing and row spacing try to avoid average monotony, break local balance and break the general pattern of horizontal rows and vertical columns. Especially for big grass and weeds, it is sometimes impenetrable, sometimes sparse, with coherent momentum and continuous blood, seeking unity in change, giving people the beauty of swaying and magnificent sports. On the other hand, the change of composition is also reflected in the richness of ink color. Through the contrast between dry ink and wet ink, the contrast between reality and reality is increased, thus forming a colorful pen and ink effect. Other books sometimes pay attention to the change of ink color, which is far less common than cursive script.
Run the script:
1. The brushwork is changeable: the running script pen is similar to regular script, but the writing rhythm of running script is faster than regular script. Writing, closing and turning are more convenient and flexible, and each has its own advantages. Its main performance is the combination of hiding and dew, and the exposed front is mostly. Such as "column"; Fiona Fang has both round pens, such as "Shang"; The lifting pressure is obvious, and the sense of rhythm is strong, such as "one" and "ancestor".
2. Lively and energetic: write regular script, stroke by stroke, and start and put pen to paper clearly. The rhythm of writing running script is faster than that of regular script, and it is often natural to bring out some connections with hooks, or to connect the front and back strokes with gestures. However, due to the echo and traction of this hook or tie, the connection between strokes and characters is strengthened, which is more vivid and full of spirit. Such as "yes", "can", "no" and "Mao".
3. Convenient writing: Regular script strokes are meticulous, horizontal is horizontal, vertical is vertical. For the convenience and beauty of writing, some strokes or parts of regular script can be simplified or changed. Or replace horizontal with dots, vertical with dots, skimming with dots, and pressing with dots. Such as Lao, Zhu, Liu and Wei.
4. Diversity of structure: Diversity of structure is another feature of running scripts. Neat regular script is also the most taboo "up and down, the front and back are flush, and the size is the same", not to mention free and lively running script. Running script often breaks the rigor of horizontal, vertical, correct and stable regular script.