Ancient art
1. Primitive cave murals are most famous in Lascaux Cave and altamira Cave.
2. The biggest pyramid in ancient Egypt is pyramid of khufu.
3. "Hanging Garden" is the architectural miracle of the new kingdom of Babylon.
4. The Acropolis is the most prominent representative of ancient Greek temple architecture. Its central building is the Parthenon.
5. The discus thrower is Miron's masterpiece.
Medieval art
1. Hagia Sophia is a Byzantine-style building.
2. Pisa Church is a masterpiece of Romanesque architecture.
3. The representative works of Gothic churches are Notre Dame de Paris and Chatel Cathedral in France.
Renaissance art
1. The arrival of the heyday of the Renaissance was marked by the appearance of three masters: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.
Leonardo da Vinci's masterpieces include Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
David, Moses and Genesis are all masterpieces of Michelangelo.
4. Raphael's famous works include The Virgin of the Sistine Chapel and The Academy of Athens.
17,18th century art
Apollo and Daphne is the work of Italian Baroque sculptor Benigni. The representative figure of baroque art in painting is Rubens of Flanders, and his masterpiece is The Robbery of the Daughter of Ruypas.
Pu Sang is the father of French painting, and his masterpiece is The Shepherd of Arkady.
Velazquez is the greatest Spanish realistic painter. Pope Innocent X and textile women workers are his masterpieces.
Professor Du Pu's Anatomy Class and Night Patrol are the masterpieces of the Dutch painter Rembrandt in the17th century.
19th century art
1. classicism: David death of marat, Angel Fountain, Udon Voltaire.
2. Romanticism: Delacroix-"Guiding people's freedom"
3. Realism: Courbet-"The Masons" and Miller's "The Woman Picking the Ears of Wheat"
4. The representative work of Lie Bin, the greatest realistic painter in Russia, is The Tracker on the Volga River.
5. Impressionism: Monet-Sunrise Impression, a thinker of Rodin.
6. Post-impressionism: Cezanne, Van Gogh and Gauguin, the fathers of modern art.
Art in the 20th century
1. Picasso's Maiden of avignon marks the starting point of cubism, and guernica is one of his representative works.
2. The representatives of the abstract art movement are Russian Kandinsky and Dutch mondriaan.
3. The representative figure of bestiality is Matisse.
4. Grebil Wu Si is the founder of Bauhaus School.
Art in the 20th century
1. Picasso's Maiden of avignon marks the starting point of cubism, and guernica is one of his representative works.
2. The representatives of the abstract art movement are Russian Kandinsky and Dutch mondriaan.
3. The representative figure of bestiality is Matisse.
4. Grebil Wu Si is the founder of Bauhaus School.
basic theory
1. Art has four characteristics: modeling, vision, static and space.
2. Three functions of art: cognitive function, educational function and aesthetic function.
3. Prints can be roughly divided into four categories: intaglio, relief, lithograph and wax paper.
4. Sculpture can be divided into round carving and relief according to its display mode.
5. The five tones of light and shade refer to: the bright part, the boundary between light and shade, the dark part, reflection and projection.
Pottery and porcelain
1. Porcelain in the Tang Dynasty is said to be "blue in the south and white in the north". Celadon is the most famous in Yueyao, Zhejiang, and white porcelain is famous in Yao Xing, Hebei.
2. The five famous kilns of porcelain in Song Dynasty refer to: Ru kiln, Jun kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln and Ding kiln.
3. "Blue and white" is a kind of porcelain with the longest popularity and the largest output in ancient China.
4. Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, known as the porcelain capital, Yixing, Jiangsu, known as the pottery capital.
bronze process
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, which has the advantages of low melting point and high hardness.
The largest bronze ware in Shang Dynasty was Simuwu Dafang Ding.
The most common decorative pattern on Shang bronzes is gluttonous pattern.
The existing bronzes "Changxin Palace Lantern" and "Flying Swallow on horseback" are outstanding works of the Han Dynasty.
ancient architecture
China architecture, European architecture and Islamic architecture are called the three major architectural systems in the world.
Ancient sculpture
The main artistic features of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are realistic and rigorous expression, simple and vivid image-building, and emphasis on expressing the individual characteristics of the image.
"Treading the Xiongnu" is the theme sculpture of Huo Qubing's tombstone.
The most famous sculpture in front of Li Shiming's tomb of Emperor Taizong is Zhaoling Six Horses.
The four world-famous Buddhist grottoes are Dunhuang Grottoes, Maijishan Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes.
Ancient Painting —— Silk Painting and Its Overview
The earliest paintings with independent significance are two silk paintings of the Warring States period unearthed in Changsha, Hunan Province, namely, the Dragon and Phoenix Map and the Dragon Map.
The most famous Taoist mural in China is Yuan Chao Tu in Yongle Palace, Shaanxi Province in the Yuan Dynasty.
The theme of Chinese painting can be divided into figure painting, flower-and-bird painting and landscape painting.
Ancient painting-figure painting
The existing Fu Tu of Luoshen is considered to be a copy of the original work by Gu Kaizhi, a painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
The historical painting Bujitu is Yan's masterpiece, which reflects the friendly exchanges between China and Tibet in the early Tang Dynasty.
Natalie, a figure painter in the mid-Tang Dynasty, has two representative works: The Lady of the State of Guo, You Chun, and The Stamping Map.
Wu Daozhi, a painter in the Tang Dynasty, was honored as a "painting saint" by later generations.
Han Xizai's Night Banquet is the representative work of Gu, a painter of the Five Dynasties.
Wu Ma Tu was written by Li, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Yin Tu of Li Baixing is a masterpiece handed down by Liang Kai, a painter in the Southern Song Dynasty.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is the representative work of Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Ancient painting-landscape painting
You Chuntu by Zhan Ziqian in Sui Dynasty is the earliest existing landscape painting.
Landscape painting in Tang Dynasty is divided into two styles: green landscape and ink landscape.
"wildebeest" refers to landscape painters and Xia? The composition characteristics of.
Huang, Zhenwu, Ni Zan and Wang Meng were four famous landscape painters in Yuan Dynasty.
Fuchun is Huang's masterpiece, and Qingbian Seclusion is Wang Meng's masterpiece.
The High Map of Lushan Mountain is a masterpiece handed down by Shen Zhou, a painter from Wumen.
Ancient painting-flower and bird painting
"Five Cattle Map" is a Tang Dynasty painter Han? What I did.
"Huang's wealth and wildness" refers to the yellow world, and his masterpiece is sketching rare birds.
Cui Bai, a painter in the Song Dynasty, has two masterpieces: A Picture of Double Happiness and a Picture of a Cold Bird.
Painters of the Ming Dynasty "Bai Yang" refer to Xu Wei and Chen Chun, and "Ink Grape Map" is Xu Wei's masterpiece.
Zheng Banqiao is a representative figure of Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics in Qing Dynasty and a famous bamboo book writer.
China flower-and-bird painting can be divided into meticulous painting and freehand brushwork according to artistic style, and color techniques can be divided into heavy color, line drawing, ink painting, splash ink, boneless and so on.
modern art
The first president of Xiling Printing Society was Wu Changshuo.
The first president of the National Academy of Art (now China Academy of Fine Arts) was Lin Fengmian.
The oil painting "founding ceremony" by Dong.
The oil painting Father is Luo Zhongli's masterpiece.
Qin dynasty and pre-Qin dynasty
Seal script can be divided into three categories: Oracle Bone Inscriptions, inscriptions on bronze and seal script.
Shi Guwen is one of the earliest stone carvings discovered today.
Western Han Dynasty and Eastern Han Dynasty
What are the characteristics of "eight o'clock book"? (The wave spacing increases, the font changes from long to flat, and the body trend extends to the left and right. )
What are the style characteristics of official script? Strict rules, elegance, solemnity, boldness, rudeness and debauchery.
Philosophers call the transformation from seal script to official script "official change" and the finalization of official script "official decision".
Cao Zhang was the mainstream of cursive script in Han Dynasty, and Zhang Zhi was called "the sage of grass".
Ritual tablet is the representative work of strict official script in Han Dynasty.
Wei, Jin, southern and northern dynasties
China's calligraphy has a long history, with five styles: seal script, official script, original script, running script and cursive script.
Cursive script can be divided into grass, grass and weeds.
This cursive script is represented by Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi, who are called the "two kings" in the world.
"Book Sage" refers to Wang Xizhi, whose Preface to Lanting is called "the best running script in the world".
Wang Xianzhi's masterpiece in lower case is Thirteen Lines of Luo Shen Fu (also known as Thirteen Lines of Jade Edition). Duck's head pill is the representative of his running script.
Preface to the Holy Teaching was written by Huairen, a monk in the Tang Dynasty.
True Grass Thousand Characters is the work of Zhi Yong.
Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties
The four masters in the early Tang Dynasty refer to Yu Shinan, Ou Yangxun, Zhu Suiliang and Xue Qi.
Jiuchenggong Liquan Ming is the representative work of Ou Yangxun's regular script in his later years.
The preface to the sermon on the Wild Goose Pagoda is Zhu Suiliang's work.
Yan Zhenqing's representative works include Pagoda Monument, Biography of Magu Fairy Altar, Yan Monument, etc., and his "Showing My Nephew's Manuscript" is known as "the second running script in the world".
Liu Gongquan's representative works include Mysterious Tower Monument and Shence Army Monument.
Weeds in Tang Dynasty is represented by four poems by Zhang Xu and autobiographical posts by Huai Su.
Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan are also called the three major regular script writers in the Tang Dynasty.
The peak of regular script and cursive script made Tang calligraphy stand out in the rest of the times.
Li Beihai and Li Yong were good calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty.
Song and Yuan Dynasties
The four great calligraphers in Song Dynasty were Su Dongpo, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang.
Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post is the work of Su Dongpo in Song Dynasty, and it is known as "the third running script in the world".
Mi Fei, known as "Mi Nangong" and "Mi Xiangyang", has famous running scripts such as Sui Xi Tie Shi and Shu Su Tie.
The "thin gold style" created by Zhao is unique in the history of calligraphy.
In Yuan Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu, together with Yan, Liu and Ou, was called the four masters of regular script, and Danba Monument was his masterpiece.
Ming and Qing dynasties
"Lacquer calligraphy" was created by Jin Nong, one of the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou, and "Six Books and a Half" was created by Zheng Banqiao.
Deng, a calligrapher in Qing Dynasty, was the best at seal script.
It was Wu Changshuo who was good at Shi Guwen in Qing Dynasty.
Overview section
Four Treasures of the Study refers to paper, inkstone, pen and ink.
Any stroke in calligraphy includes three parts: beginning, line and receipt.
The title of the book is written in the front of the book, while calligraphy and painting, stele extension and postscript are written in the back.
In the preface to Shuo Wen Jie Zi, the six books are called referring to things, pictographs, pictophonetic sounds, knowing, transferring notes and borrowing.
Five-character pen refers to leaf, pawn, hook, case and deviation.
Calligraphy: (omitted)
7. brushwork (refers to the brushwork method, which is a set of brushwork rules for wrist movements to adapt to writing brushes summed up by calligraphers of past dynasties in long-term practice)
8. Jiugong (the law of writing summarized by ancient calligraphers in practice) holds that every character has eight faces, and all the eight-faced stipplings are arched to the center, that is, the "middle palace", thus forming the "Jiugong" with eight faces arched at the heart.
9. Center winger:
According to the position of the main brush in stippling, these are two main ways to use the brush. The center is also called the positive front, which means that the fingertip front is always in the middle of the strokes, and the stippling looks full and round; The lateral front is also called oblique front, which means that the sharp front is mainly on the side of stippling in the writing process, and the strokes are light, elegant and lively. In writing, the center and the winger should be combined, which can be focused, but not neglected.
10. News:
Raising pressure is a set of relative pen-using methods in the process of pen transportation. Pen lifting refers to the bottom-up action with a pen in the vertical direction; Pressing refers to the action of the pen from top to bottom in the vertical direction. When calligraphers are writing, lifting and pressing should always run through the pen and combine with each other. The so-called boosting can avoid the problems of heaviness and floating.
1 1. Silkworm head and goose tail:
It's the image of Li Shu's horizontal and horizontal painting, which means that Li Shu's long painting has a full back, which looks like a silkworm's head, horizontal and oblique strokes, and looks like a goose's tail.
12. Many twists and turns:
The original meaning means that when writing a painting, the pen should be tied tightly, the neck should be lifted, and the feet should be fully opened, so there are three turning points in one stroke; Later, it generally refers to the ups and downs of strokes when writing stippling, which contains euphemism.
13. No sag, no shrinkage, no error:
Basic principles of calligraphy pen. It means that when using a pen to move, there will be a return, release and stop, which will be full of charm and echo before and after, thus making the strokes subtle, rounded and powerful.
14. External extension (ye):
Two different ways of using pens are mostly used for cursive writing. Wang Xizhi used this method more. Outreach refers to the unrestrained brushwork, represented by Wang Xianzhi.