Welcome friends to see the history of Dragon View. What Lao Long wants to tell you in this issue is that Zhuge Liang, a great wisdom figure in the Three Kingdoms period, was loyal to Wuhou. Zhuge Liang (181-23410-8) was born in Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province) and was an outstanding politician, strategist, diplomat, writer, calligrapher and inventor during the Three Kingdoms period. In his early years, he went to Jingzhou with his uncle Zhuge Xuan. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Nanyang Longzhong. Later, Liu Bei invited Zhuge Liang and Sun to unite against Cao Cao and was defeated in Battle of Red Cliffs. Formed the trend of the Three Kingdoms and captured Jingzhou. In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Yizhou was captured. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In the first year of Shu Zhangwu (22 1), Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over state affairs. Most of the six northern expeditions to the Central Plains were based on grain. Eventually, due to overwork, he died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji, Shaanxi) in the twelfth year of Jianxing in Shu at the age of 54. Liu Chan made him a loyal minister, and later generations often called him Zhuge Liang by Wuhou. Because of its military ability, the Eastern Jin regime named Zhuge Liang King of Wuxing.
The representative works of Zhuge Liang's prose include A Model and A Book of Commandments. He once invented the wooden ox, the flying horse, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Lian crossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow. Zhuge Liang, a representative of loyal ministers and wise men in China traditional culture, devoted himself to his life and died, and was revered as a god by generation after generation. However, judging from today's concept of human resources, Zhuge Liang made mistakes in employing people, some of which were serious or even fatal, but this did not affect Zhuge Liang's glory. To say that Zhuge Liang made mistakes in employing people, we must first look at what Zhuge Liang did.
First, Zhuge Liang's contribution to Shu
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a lot of competition, disputes among princes, and chaos in the world. Everyone who wants to be the leader of the separatist regime wants to annex others and strengthen himself. This is an era when political groups wrestle with each other for wisdom and talents. The times call for talents. Whoever has first-class talents is likely to beat his opponent in the competition and become the master. Talent is the root of the rise and fall of a country and a nation. Only by selecting a large number of talents and Qi Xin's concerted efforts can the country prosper. "We must have Meng Benyong's fearlessness, Wu Huo's fearlessness, Li Lou's fearlessness and Yao Shun's fearlessness." Only with all kinds of talents can the country have a brilliant future. Zhuge Liang was born, grew and died in troubled times. How did Zhuge Liang do in this troubled times?
(A) designed a strategic plan for Liu Bei, which achieved the foundation of Shu.
Before getting Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei was a headless fly. He has no strategic plan, and often loses the Trinity, even to the point of abandoning his wife. He knows what he wants, but he doesn't know how to realize his dream, which is also the reason why Liu Bei lost in the early stage. Zhuge Liang said in the famous "Longzhong Dui": "Take Jingzhou as home first, then take Xichuan to build a foothold, and then seek the Central Plains." This is Zhuge Liang's corporate strategic plan for Liu Bei, and later Zhuge Liang followed the three-step strategic plan. This is the foundation of Wang Ba's career. With this strategic plan, Liu Beicai has the opportunity to reverse his own record of defeat and form a situation of mutual containment and three-thirds of the world with Cao Sun.
(2) Promote the alliance between Sun and Liu, and form a tripartite confrontation.
By the time Cao Cao went south, Sun Quan had a heart to fight Cao Cao. Although Zhou Yu and Huang Gai fought the main battle, the old minister of Jiangdong, headed by Zhang Zhao, persuaded Sun Quan to surrender to Cao all day, and the inheritance of the Third World was preserved. So Sun Quan hesitated at this time. After all, this is not a small encounter. Once defeated this time, the consequences will be unimaginable. While wandering, Zhuge Liang came from Xiakou to persuade Sun Quan. Zhuge Liang told Sun Quan that Liu Bei's power had not been destroyed by Cao Cao. Jiangxia Liu Qi has more than 10,000 people, Guan Yu has 10,000 water troops, at least 20,000 people, and Sun Quan has at least 30,000 people. But in the first world war with Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang's analysis strengthened Sun Quan's determination to go to war. Therefore, although Zhuge Liang's role in Battle of Red Cliffs is not as magical as that in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is also indispensable.
(3) Hands-on, struggling to support the endgame
Shortly after seizing Yizhou, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, then Guan Yu died and Jingzhou fell. Liu Bei rashly launched the war of Yiling, and Lu Xun set fire to the joint venture as a result. This battle can be said to be the loss of Shu's elite. For a time, from the perspective of talents, Pang Tong died, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao and Huang Zhong also died, and Shu became a dark mess in the future. At this time, the three-legged situation became one person against two countries. Although Zhuge Liang tried to bring this dead chess game back to life after six visits to Qishan, after all, Shu is remote, sparsely populated and lacking in soldiers, not to mention the lack of generals who can be entrusted with important tasks. Compared with Wei and Wu, Shu has no advantages in talent, food and region. It is very difficult for Zhuge Liang not only to protect Shu from Wei and Wu, but also to make several northern expeditions.
(4) Appointing talents and sheltering the country.
Some people used by Zhuge Liang before his death, such as Guo Youzhi, Jiang Wan, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, Zhang Yi, Deng Zhi, Dong Fei and Jiang Wei, played a great role in protecting Shu after Zhuge Liang's death.
Zhuge Liang, as the maker and executor of Liu Bei Group's strategic planning, has made great contributions to the establishment of Shu-Han State. But it is a pity that he died in Wuzhangyuan with regret and failed to fulfill his long-cherished wish of reviving the Han Dynasty. Today we begin to analyze the subjective reasons of these regrets, especially the mistakes of Zhuge Liang, the actual leader of Shu and Han countries. As we all know, talent is a person with special ability in a certain aspect, which is the key to the rise and fall of a country and a nation. As leaders, we should give full play to the abilities of all talents and serve the organization better and more effectively. A leader may not have much talent, but he must not have the ability to lead. Liu Bang was able to make use of people's strengths to win the world in the Han Dynasty. However, gold is not enough, no one is perfect, and everyone has shortcomings. So employing people is to let their own strengths work for others. "Use people's wisdom to cheat, use people's courage to get angry, and use people's benevolence to get greedy." We can't blindly see the shortcomings of talents. However, Zhuge Liang is too demanding of his subordinates in employing people, so that talented people cannot be blamed.
Second, Zhuge Liang's mistakes in employing people
As we all know, when Zhuge Liang met Liu Bei in Longzhong, he put forward the future strategic plan of Liu Bei Group-Longzhong Dui. It is a pity that Zhuge Liang often encountered problems in the process of implementation. What is important is the lack of human resources planning to support Liu Bei Group's strategic plan. First of all, in the process of "taking Jingzhou as home first, and then taking surprisingly as the foundation", because Pang Tong was killed, there was no competent talent around Liu Bei, resulting in the situation that "Liang had to go". Zhuge Liang had some doubts about Guan Yu staying in Jingzhou, but the team of civilian military commanders who helped Guan Yu stay in Jingzhou could not be independent, which led to the capture of a new territory, Yizhou, but the loss of an important base area, Jingzhou. Secondly, in the process of "painting the Central Plains", Zhuge Liang "hands-on" and did everything in detail, which reflected the shortage of senior and middle-level cadres in Shu. After Zhuge Liang's death, not only did he fail to complete the strategic plan formulated by Zhuge Liang for Shu and Han, but eventually Liu Shu enterprises merged due to bankruptcy.
The first person Zhuge Liang used wrongly was himself. After all, a person's wisdom and energy are limited, and even the cleverest person will inevitably have a hundred secrets. It can be concluded that Kong Ming is not good at fighting. The biography of the Three Kingdoms Zhuge Liang commented: "After years of mobilization, it failed, and it was not its strength to cover the strain." According to "Han Shu Jin Shu Chun Qiu", Kong Ming himself said: "There are many soldiers and thieves in Qishan. If thieves can't be broken, the disease is not serenaded, but in one ear." Simply admit that the disease is in the bright ear! Foolish thought, Kong is equivalent to Xiao He, and he is more than enough to be a prime minister and a general. He can sit in the rear, formulate major policies, conduct strategic command, and hand over the battle command to Wei Yan or other suitable generals. But Zhuge Liang felt very sorry for Liu Bei because he didn't do it himself, and he never gave up his power. After the failure of the first northern expedition, he was still "working as a prime minister and becoming president as before." In this way, it laid the groundwork for the final failure of the Northern Expedition. I have to say that Liu Bei has a unique vision and is good at employing people. In fact, Liu Beizao saw that Zhuge Liang was Xiao He, not Han Xin. When he was alive, he never let Kong Ming be the commander of the army, but let him stay in the rear, "eat enough food and raise enough foot soldiers." Is it accidental that a person who weaves mats and sells shoes can do this, which means that it is not covered, and finally he can dominate one side?
The top leader of an organization is not more capable than his subordinates, let alone hands-on, but good at managing and employing people. If the top leader likes to grasp the big and let go of the small, his subordinates will have no subjective initiative, and ambitious people will feel too lazy to stay. So there is a famous saying in the business world, "The most successful chairman should have time to go fishing." And "management", the most important thing is to know people and be good at their duties, and put the right people in the right positions. At this point, Liu Bei and his ancestor Liu Bang did a good job. In Records of the Historian Biography of Gaozu, Liu Bang himself said: "I am inferior to the ovary because of my strategy. I'm not as good as Xiao He, because I can help the country and the people, and I get paid. Even if it is a million-strong army, we must win the battle and attack it. I am not as good as Han Xin. All three are excellent. I can use it, so I take the world. " I think that Liu Bang was born a director with a low status. Why can he be an emperor? It is nothing more than knowing how to use people, which shows the importance of being good at using people. In contrast, Zhuge Liang, who is well-known among the three countries, is obviously much worse in this respect.
Today, Lao Long analyzed an important reason for the decline of national strength in the later period of Shu Han, that is, Zhuge Liang, the actual leader of Shu Han, made mistakes in employing people, some of which were major mistakes and even fatal mistakes. First of all, he misused himself. Of course, there were other mistakes in his employment. These mistakes are understandable, after all, no one is perfect. These mistakes are much smaller than Zhuge Liang's historical achievements, and they do not damage Zhuge Liang's light.
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