Chinese name: Zeng Guofan
Alias: Zeng Bohan, a native of Ceng Wenzheng, once shaved his head.
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of Birth: Xiangxiang County, Changsha District, Hunan Province
Date of birth: A.D.181year165438+1October 26th.
Date of death: A.D.1March 872 12.
Occupation: Governor of Liangjiang and Governor of Zhili.
Graduate school: private school
Main achievements: the establishment of the Xiang army and the pacification of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement.
One of the founders of the Westernization Movement.
Representative works: Classics of Learning while Learning, Skills of Teaching Children, Ice Guide.
Knight status: first-class Hou Yong.
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humanity
Chronicle of life
Literary achievements
Military value
Ideological scholarship
Original will
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Role overview
Zeng Guofan (181-1872), whose real name is Bo Han and whose real name is Sheng Di, is one of the most influential figures in the history of China. His life, his wisdom and his thoughts have deeply influenced generations of China people, so that people still talk about Zeng Guofan even though he has been dead for more than one hundred years. Some critics say: Zeng Guofan is the last person in China's ancient history, and the first person in modern history, if dating by numbers. This sentence summarizes Zeng Guofan's personal role and influence from a certain angle. He is also the most prominent and controversial figure in modern China.
Zeng Guofan was born in a landlord family in the Qing Dynasty. Although he is stupid since he was a child, he is diligent and studious. He entered this school at the age of six. At the age of 8, I can read stereotyped writing and recite five classics; 65,438+04 years old, able to read Selected Works of Zhou Li and Historical Records; In the same year, I took the boys' exam in Changsha and got excellent results. Father Lin wrote a book saying that he owned land, did not farm, and was obsessed with fame. But he tried 17 times, and his father set up a library to teach students. Zeng Guofan learned it from his father when he was young. In the 13th year of Daoguang (1833), Jinshi entered the county. The following year, I studied at Yuelu Academy in Changsha and was promoted in the same year. Then I went to Beijing to try and failed again and again. Eighteen years, Gong Shi, No.38 middle school, entered the palace examination, and ranked No.42 among the top three. He has a scholarly background. Jishi Shu of imperial academy was chosen to take the exam. After that, he worked in the capital, and made friends with Zhang Mu A, Woren and Tang Jian. After passing the provincial examination in Sichuan, I worked as an examiner for 27 years, and was promoted to a lecturer next year and the following year. In twenty-seven years, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in cabinet and the title of assistant minister in does. In 29 years, he served as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Ritual and the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War. For thirty years, he was also the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry. In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), he also served as the left assistant minister of the official department. Finally, he was promoted to the governor, and his official residence was a product. Throughout his life, he pursued patience first, advocated thrift in everything and was not proud of being an official. He cultivated self-discipline, sought officials by virtue, put courtesy first, and sought politics by loyalty, and achieved great success in officialdom. The rise of Zeng Guofan had a far-reaching impact on the politics, military affairs, culture and economy of the Qing Dynasty. Zeng Guofan was the first person who really "opened his eyes to see the world" and actively practiced it in the history of China. At Zeng Guofan's initiative, he built the first ship in China, founded the first ordnance school, printed and translated the first batch of western language books, and arranged the first batch of students studying in the United States. It can be said that Zeng Guofan was a pioneer of China's modernization.
Zeng Guofan ruled the army with Confucianism, respected benevolence and righteousness, raised the Xiang army alone and established another discipline. He wrote love folk songs, which made the soldiers of Xiang army make a difference. His article "Begging the Guangdong Bandits" called for "a gentleman" and "righteous indignation to protect our way", which inspired many intellectuals to take off their robes and willingly join the battle with the Taiping Army. He suppressed the peasant uprising in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and made the Qing Dynasty survive. He studied western culture, purged the political style, "saved the disadvantages of the times" and was ambitious, which contributed to the emergence of "Tongzhi Zhongxing" in the late Qing Dynasty. He is sincere in convincing others, avoiding disasters, paying attention to etiquette and being cautious, and weaving the strongest network of relationships. He knows how to make good use of people's abilities and talents, and recommended as many as 1000 subordinates, including more than 40 from the official to the governor. He realized the great cause of Confucianism's self-cultivation and ruling the country, made great achievements and made the words of "three immortals". His official position rose the fastest. Within ten years, he jumped seven levels in a row. At the age of 37, he was promoted to the second grade. Only Zeng Guofan of the Qing Dynasty can have this honor. He is the most stable official. He has served three generations of kings, Daoguang, Xianfeng and Tongzhi, for 34 years, and his trust remains unchanged. He is the best official, with outstanding political voice. He has a saying of governing the country and reassuring the people, so he has the reputation of "Zeng Guofan in politics and Hu Xueyan in business". He is a gentleman who studies, while Ming Dow is a scholar, quiet and far-reaching, who looks down on gains and losses. His father is kind and filial, his brother is respectful and has a good family education. His letters from home are a model of family education in ancient China.
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18 1 1 (16th year of Jiaqing) was born in Bai Yang Ping, Heyetang, Hunan Province (now Tianping Village, Ye He Town, Shuangfeng County, Loudi City, Hunan Province), an ordinary farming family. There are nine brothers and sisters, Zeng Guofan is the eldest son. Ancestors mainly worked in agriculture and lived a relatively well-off life. Grandpa Zeng Yuping's education is not high, but he has rich experience; Father Zeng Linshu, as a scholar, and Zeng Guofan, as the eldest son and grandson, naturally got the ethical education of two wax figures. He advocated the Westernization Movement and founded the Xiang Army, and made great achievements in governing the family, the army, the country and education. He was a local reformer during the Westernization Movement.
I went to school at the age of 6, but I was also a stupid child in my childhood (see the first episode of "Lecture Room-Zeng Guofan's Family Instructions (I)": "Who will save the stupid child"). But he is also very studious. In the 12th year of Daoguang (1832), he was admitted as a scholar and married Ouyang Cangming's daughter. After failing the exam twice in a row, he studied hard for a year. In nominal age, he was 28 years old, and in the eighteenth year of Daoguang (1838), palace examination was admitted to the same Jinshi. From then on, he embarked on the road of official career step by step, and became the favorite pupil of Minister of Military Affairs Zhang Mu. In Beijing for more than ten years, he has successively served as imperial academy Jishi Shu, transfer school, bachelor's lecture, Wen Yuan Pavilion, cabinet bachelor, Chinese book affairs supervision, assistant minister of Ministry of Justice, assistant minister of Ministry of Industry and Criminal Affairs, and assistant minister of official department. Zeng Guofan was promoted to the second-class position step by step along this career path. Seven strokes in ten years, ten steps in a row.
In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), Zeng Guofan was lost at home because of his mother. At this time, the Taiping Rebellion has swept half of China. Although the Qing government mobilized a large number of Eight Banners green camp officers and men from all over the country to deal with the Taiping Army, this decadent armed force was vulnerable. Therefore, the Qing government issued many orders to reward the Yong Tuan, trying to use the landlord armed forces in various places to curb the development of revolutionary forces, which provided an opportunity for the emergence of Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army. Xianfeng three years (1853), he used the opportunity given by the Qing government to seek strength to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In his hometown of Hunan, he established a local brave group named "Xiang Yong" by relying on complicated interpersonal relationships such as mentoring, relatives and friends. 1in February, 854, the Xiang army rushed out and Zeng Guofan published "Seeking the Guangdong Bandits". In this essay, he criticized the peasant war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom as "poisoning all living beings" and "introducing China's ethical code for thousands of years and sweeping it away". This is not only a strange change in the Qing dynasty, but also a strange change in Ming religion since the opening of the port. Confucius and Mencius wept bitterly in Jiuquan, and then called for "anyone who can read and write can sit still", standing at the commanding heights of morality, so they mobilized the broad masses of intellectuals at that time to participate in the struggle against the Taiping Army, laying a solid foundation for future victory. Zeng Guofan brutally suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising and used harsh laws. History says that "one person is sent to be known, and another person is sent to judge robbers." If you solve the problem, you will decide, if you are light, you will kill, and if you are light, you will whip thousands. " ..... The case will be tried immediately, and the law will be enforced immediately, and there is no expectation of delay. "Not only did he kill people directly, but his father and four brothers also killed people. Some people accused him of killing too many people and called him' once bald' and' once butcher'. "It is said that children in Nanjing cry at night, and when their mother says,' I shaved my head,' the children stop crying. Zeng Guofan knew how to make good use of people and set an example to abide by military discipline. Wherever the army went, the people "went their separate ways." One of the eight books, "marching without disturbing the people", can probably be summarized to the period when the Xiang army eliminated the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Xiang Army became one of the main forces in the Qing army with backward military quality to fight against the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the south of China. Zeng Guofan was named the first-class brave marquis, becoming the first person to seal the marquis of Wu as a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. Later, he served as the governor of Liangjiang and Zhili, and his official residence was a product. 1864, Xiang army, led by his brother Ceng Guoquan, captured Tianjing and became the hero of suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
There are many works in his life, but Letters from Home is the most widely circulated and influential. In the fifth year of Guangxu (1879), that is, seven years after Zeng Guofan's death, Nakagawa Bookstore carved Zeng Gong's letter edited by Li and Li Hongzhang. I am also good at employing people, and other famous ministers in the Qing Dynasty, such as Zuo and Li Hongzhang, are closely related to him. Li Hongzhang and others called Zeng Guofan a teacher. Zeng Guofan once said, "Li Shaoquan tried his best to be an official, and Yu (Yu Yue) tried his best to write a book". Zeng Guofan's head [1] After the defeat of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Taiping Army joined the Nian Army in the rest of Jiangbei, and the Qing court ordered Zeng Guofan to supervise the military affairs of Zhili, Shandong and Henan provinces. Zeng Guofan led 20,000 Xiang troops and 60,000 Huai troops, equipped with foreign guns and guns, and "suppressed twists" in the north. His policy was to "suppress hard rather than pursue hard" and put forward plans such as "key fortification" in an attempt to block the Nian army in the canal and Shahe area, so that it had nowhere to escape and was eliminated. However, the Nian Army broke through Zeng Guofan's defense line and entered Shandong, which bankrupt Zeng Guofan's strategic plan. Zeng Guofan was removed from office and replaced by Li Hongzhang.
In the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), Zeng Guofan, then governor of Zhili, was ordered to go to Tianjin to handle the Tianjin religious plan. On June 2 1870, thousands of people gathered in front of the French Catholic Church in Tianjin, suspecting that the Catholic Church used the nursery as a crutch to kidnap people and kill babies. Uncle Feng, the French consul, believes that there is no hard pressure from the government. He ran into Liu Jie, the magistrate of Tianjin, with a gun in the street. He shot and killed a servant in Liu Jie on the spot because of an argument. In public anger, he first killed Uncle Feng, the French consul, and his secretary Simon, then killed 10 nuns, 2 priests, 2 other French consulate staff, 2 French nationals, 3 Russian nationals and more than 30 China believers, and burned the French consulate and Wanghai. After the incident, Britain, the United States, France and other countries jointly protested and dispatched warships to show off their strength. After Zeng Guofan arrived in Tianjin, considering the situation at that time, he didn't want to go to war with France. "However, the quick success of Hebei lottery is not one of the courtship crimes." At the request of France, it was decided to finally kill 18 people who took the lead in killing people, exile 25 people, and send Tianjin magistrate Zhang Guangzao and magistrate Liu Jie to Heilongjiang to compensate foreigners for the loss of 462,000 silver, and Chonghou sent a mission to France. As a result of this negotiation, people in the imperial court and the media were very dissatisfied, which greatly affected Zeng Guofan's reputation and caused reviled by the ruling and opposition parties all over the country. Even his fellow villagers in Hunan smashed and burned the plaque that he boasted about his fame in Huguang Guild Hall. He died in Nanjing on February 4th, 11th year of Tongzhi (Gregorian calendar:1March 20th, 872). The court gave a gift to a teacher, who was named "Zheng Wen" after his death. His cemetery was destroyed in the Cultural Revolution after Tongxi Temple in Fulongshan, Pingtang Town, Wangcheng County, Changsha City, and remains such as stone horses still remain in the cemetery. There are many officials in the descendants of his family, such as Ceng Jize.
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humanity
As an outstanding figure of his time, he also has his own human side. After being defeated by Taiping Army, he committed suicide by jumping into the river twice. When he failed, he was laughed at by his contemporaries and his self-esteem was greatly hurt. His later success was accumulated on the basis of previous failures.
As a man, he is also lewd, which is recorded in his diary. When he heard that his friend had married a beautiful concubine with a pretty face and peach blossoms, he insisted on meeting her even though his friend was very unhappy. After seeing her, he was even more frivolous in person. After returning home, he regretted it very much in his diary. This also shows the true side of Zeng Guofan's human nature. Over the years, opinions on Zeng Guofan have been different. Some people say that he once shaved his head, while others say that he is a great man after Kong Rong. He taught future generations not to be greedy for money and lust, and disapproved of preserving property for future generations. He hopes that his descendants will have a scholar, not an official. As a Han Chinese, Zeng Guofan was extremely corrupt in the Qing Dynasty, but he was able to support the Qing Dynasty for so many years without falling down. Having power without opposition shows loyalty to the monarch.
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Chronicle of life
18 1 1 year (the 16th year of Jiaqing)165438+1October 26th (65438+ 10/kloc-0 in the lunar calendar) 18 15 (twenty years of Jiaqing) 5 years old, studying at home. A year later, he entered his home school to "watch fasting". Letter from Home 1826 (six years of Daoguang) 16 years old, and ranked seventh in Changsha Fukao (children's exam).
1830 (Ten Years of Daoguang) At the age of 20, he entered the Down's Ancestral Hall in Hengyang and studied under Wang Juean. A year later, he transferred to Lianbin College in Xiangxiang. Change the number and wash it.
1833 (13th year of Daoguang) In the autumn of 23 years old, he took the Xiangxiang County Examination and was admitted as a scholar.
1834 (14th year of Daoguang) entered Yuelu Academy at the age of 24 in the spring. In autumn, I will take part in the 36th Juren Rural Examination. I went to Beijing to prepare for the exam in winter, and I started to associate with Liu Rong after passing through Changsha.
1835 (fifteen years of Daoguang): I am 25 years old. In April, I will try to stay in Beijing and study in Changsha Guild Hall.
1836 (16 years of Daoguang) In the spring of 26, Cohen tried again and went home from Beijing. In Changsha, I met with Liu Rong and Guo Songtao in Xiangxiang Hall for two months.
1838 (18th year of Daoguang) Gong was ranked 38th at the age of 28. After the exam, it was renamed Guo Fan. Palace examination ranked 42nd among the top three, and was endowed with the same background as a scholar. Chaokao ranked first and third, and Daoguang Emperor ranked second. Awarded to Jishi Shu Hanlin Academy. Ask for leave and go home at the end of the year.
1839 (19th year of Daoguang), in the summer of 29, he left Hengyang to visit Du Gongbu Temple and Shigu Academy. In autumn, I went out to Shaoyang and visited Wugang, Xinhua, Lantian and Yongfeng. In February 65438, Kiko Zesheng left home for Beijing. I started to keep a diary this year, persevering and never stopping.
1840 (twenty years of Daoguang) 30 years old. In May, Jishi Shu closed the museum, ranking second and nineteenth, and was examined by Hanlin College. In July, he fell ill and received treatment and care from Ouyang Zhaoxiong and Wu Tingdong. Two months later, he recovered and the three became friends.
184 1 year (the 21st year of Daoguang) March1August, I went to see Tang Jian, a master of science, and asked for advice on reading and physical examination. "Kao De asked about the profession" and "smoked classics". 1/kloc-0 served as an assistant in the National History Museum in June, 2006, studying the previous history and distinguishing gains and losses. That year, I enjoyed reading Tao's Official Documents presented by Hu Linyi. Writing "Xu Li" directly hits the people's sufferings and lashes corrupt officials.
1842 (twenty-two years of Daoguang) was thirty-two years old and devoted himself to the study of Zhu Cheng. He has to do his daily homework every day: getting up early, respecting himself, sitting quietly, studying hard, reading history, being cautious, nourishing his spirit, keeping fit, knowing that he will die, remembering what he can do in the next month, writing words, and staying at home at night.
1843 (twenty-three years of Daoguang) 33 years old. In April, he was promoted to assistant lecturer of Hanlin College. In July, after having obtained the provincial examination in Sichuan, Qin Wei. In August, he was allowed to give lectures at Hanlin College. 65438+ February, Chongwen Yuanguan was proofread. Zeng Guofan Statue [2] 1844 (twenty-four years of Daoguang) In August, 34-year-old Guo Songtao was introduced to Jiang Zhongyuan and became a teacher and student. Sent to imperial academy to teach Jishi Shu.
1845 (twenty-five years of Daoguang), aged 35, 10, promoted to Bachelor of Lectures in the Academy of Academician. Li Hongzhang went to Beijing to take the exam, and his family liked it the next year.
1846 (twenty-six years of Daoguang), aged 36, 1 month, worked in Wenyuan Museum. I wrote to my bookstore and said, "Beg for a bird's nest". During the summer and autumn, he went to Chengnan Temple to recuperate, and had an in-depth discussion with his roommate Liu about Sinology and Song Studies. He knows that learning must return to the main task and "have the best of both worlds".
1847 (twenty-seven years of Daoguang) In July, at the age of 37, he was promoted to Bachelor of Cabinet and Shilang Street. In June 65438 +065438+10, Qin Paiwu was the president and minister of palace examination Reading Association.
1848 (twenty-eight years of Daoguang) was thirty-eight years old. In March, Ji Zihong was born. 10 This month, I collected the speeches of great scholars in ancient and modern times, and compiled the Family Instructions of Zeng in 32 orders according to three aspects: self-cultivation, keeping the family in order and governing the country.
1849 (twenty-nine years of Daoguang) was thirty-nine years old. In February, he was promoted to the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. In September, assistant minister of the right Ministry of War.
1850 (thirty years of Daoguang) 40 years old. In April, he published in Chen Yan Shu, which directly exposed the "stubbornness and obedience" of officialdom and the "timidity" and "weakness" of officials. Today's spokesman can only speak in the employer's ear. In July, and official department left assistant minister.
185 1 year (the first year of Xianfeng) 4 1 year 1 month, Hong Xiuquan organized an uprising in Jintian Village, Guiping, Guangxi. In May, Emperor Xianfeng "fell to the ground in anger" and wanted to commit a crime.
1852 (second year of Xianfeng) 42 years old 1 month, on "preparation for the people to kill pests" In July, he served as an examiner in Jiangxi Province. Arriving at Xiaochi Station in Taihu County, Anhui Province, I got my mother's obituary and went home to attend the funeral. 65438+/kloc-arrived home in early October. Taiping Army left Guangxi for Hunan and attacked Changsha in September. The month of 10 depends on the state of Yue.
1853 (three years in Xianfeng), 43 years old, 65438+1October 2 1, took over the task of Yong ying in Hunan. Guo Songtao urged Bao. On the 30th, he came to Changsha with Zhang, Governor of Hunan Province, to participate in the training of enterprise groups. /kloc-in March of 0/9, the Taiping Army captured Jiangning with Tianjing as its capital. In September, he was allowed to move to Hengzhou for training. June 65438 +065438+10, Jianhengzhou Shipyard rushed to build warships. Send people to Guangdong to buy foreign guns and build a navy.
1854 (four years in Xianfeng) 44 years old. On February 25, he was ordered to lead the division to the Taiping Army. Release "Begging for Guangdong Bandits". Chu Ruhang, President of Ren Haijun, and Taqibu were pioneers of the army, commanding 17000 men and sending troops north. In May, the soldier was defeated by Jinggang and was rescued by drowning himself. On July 25, after the reorganization of the amphibious forces, they began to attack Yuezhou. Take Wuchang in June 65438+1October 65438+April. Emperor Xianfeng ordered him to dispatch the governor of Hubei. Bring it back in seven days. Reward the rank of assistant minister of the Ministry of War. On February 2, 65438, Tianjia Town was captured.
1855 (Xianfeng five years) night, 45 years old, 12 February, Shi Dakai attacked the Xiang water camp and burned more than 100 Xiang warships. Zeng Guofan's ship was taken away, "all the books were lost." "I am furious and want to kill the enemy with a ride", but I can't stop Liu.
1856 (six years of Xianfeng) 46 years old, trapped in Nanchang in July. On September 2, after the battle between Yang and Hong (Tianjing Incident), the Taiping Army was badly hurt. In June 5438+10, Zeng Guofan set up a auspicious word camp in Changmuyong to help Jiangxi. Zeng Guofan's family background 1857 (Xianfeng seven years) is 47 years old. On February 27th, my father died, and my brother Guohua returned to China to attend the funeral. In July, I went to Shanghai twice and sought the final system at home, which was approved by Emperor Xianfeng. Yun Si Pavilion was built in 1860.
1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng) was 48 years old. May 19, Li Heyang led the land and water forces to capture Jiujiang. Di Guohua walked into Li's curtain. On July 3, 2003, he set off from Zhejiang Military Affairs by imperial decree, and on July 7, 2007, he set off from Kloc-0/7. On August 5th, I arrived in Wuchang. Negotiate with Hu Linyi about sending troops for a raise. 165438+1October 15. Li He died in the Three Rivers War. In February 65438, he wrote "Love Song" to train the Xiang Army.
1859 (Xianfeng nine years) 49 years old 1 month, Li Hongzhang came to Jianchang to visit and stayed in the camp to assist in military affairs. In the same month, he changed his name to Zheng 'an, joined the Xiang army and avenged his brother Guohua. Write a portrait of a saint in February. 1 1 month, plans to invade Anqing in four ways.
1860 (Xianfeng decade) 50 years old. In May, I compiled 26 volumes of Miscellaneous Notes on Classics and History, "Take its essence and use its macro" and "Four things should be done". In June, left to camp, stay for 20 days, discuss the overall situation in southeast China; Acting Governor of Liangjiang, Minister of War. In July, the headquarters of the two rivers was entrusted, and the military affairs in the south of the Yangtze River were supervised by an imperial envoy. 10 10 18, we discussed with Hu Linyi and Li the strategy to help the north. Shangshu asked to send troops to the north to wipe out the king of Qin, and to "cover the sky with snow." In February of 65438, Qimen Camp was trapped twice, and the Taiping Army was only 20 miles away from the camp, which was "dangerous".
186 1 year (11th year of Xianfeng) 5 1 year August 23rd, that is, "buying foreign guns is a top priority". On September 5, Xiang captured Anqing. On the 25th, he moved to Anqing. 1October 20th, 165438, the military affairs of four provinces (Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangxi) were ordered to be supervised, and the governors and the following towns were brought under control. In February 65438, the Institute of Internal Weapons was established in Anqing. At the end of the year, the Third Route Army was determined to March: "The country of Jinling was besieged, while Zhejiang belonged to the left and the Soviet belonged to Li Hongzhang, so it set up a bureau to eliminate the southeast."
1862 (the first year of Tongzhi), 52 years old, 65438+3 1 year1October, was appointed as an assistant to the university by the Governor of Liangjiang, and Ceng Guoquan was awarded a judge in Zhejiang Province. On February 65438+4, 2004, Zuo led an army from Jiangxi to Zhejiang. In April, Li Hongzhang led an army to Shanghai. In May, Ceng Guoquan led the army into Yuhuatai, and joined Peng Yulin Navy to camp in Tianjing. On July 18, we tried to explain our interests in order to use soldiers to help suppress: "islanders use repression to make profits ... and China should look for trouble", and foreigners will never be allowed to "ravage China land" by means of repression. In September, six Confucian scholars and Dai Junheng who died in the war but were not buried were buried with stones. In February of 65438+, his brother died of illness in Yuhuatai Camp of Xiang Army. At the end of the year, Hua and Xu Shou tried to build the first steam engine in China. After Zeng Guofan saw it, he wrote in his diary that day: "Our country can do it, but we can't be proud of what we don't know!"
1865 (four years of Tongzhi) 55 years old 1 month, selected 17 poems written by ministers since the Han and Tang Dynasties, and sorted out the papers of Mingyuantang. In March, he presided over the two houses of planting mountains and respecting classics. Adopt 800 lonely and cold children and donate their own class prize for raising Lian Yin. On May 26th, I received an imperial edict: to lead an army to Shandong to suppress twisting. In June, he presided over the compilation of Wang Chuanshan's Letters, with a volume of ***320, and submitted it to Jinling Bookstore for publication. /kloc-in June, 2008, the strategy of the northern Nian suppression army was: fortification of major towns, river fencing, clearing the field to stop Wei, and cavalry tracking. In September, I arrived in Xuzhou via Yangzhou and Qingjiangpu. Soldiers deployed all the way, blocked the encirclement, and posted a list of recruits along the way. On June+10, 5438, Jinling Manufacturing Bureau moved to Hongkou, merged with Li Hongzhang's original artillery bureau and the iron works purchased from Americans, and together with more than 100 machines bought back by Hong Rong, Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration was established. In February 65438, the permanent constitution and operational rules of the Yangtze River Navy were approved.
1866 (five years of Tongzhi), Zeng Guofan, the general leader of Xiang Army, was ordered to be stationed in Zhoujiakou, serving as an imperial minister and overseer.
Zeng Guofan took the countermeasures of "focusing on defense, clearing the field and rowing the river circle" according to the characteristics of the uncertain whereabouts and mobile operations of the Nian army, but all ended in failure. Later, from Zhoukou west to Luohe, the "Shahe Baili Defense Line" was set up in an attempt to eliminate the Nian Army by this natural barrier.
One day, Zeng Guofan saw the names of Zengzhuang and Zenglou from the map of Shangshui County, and sent them to Zengzhuang in the west of Shangshui City with the book, and invited several old people to Zhoukou to discuss. In the process of deliberation, everyone in Zengzhuang knew that Zeng Guofan's intention was to recognize the Sect with them. This is also a gratifying thing. With such a strong kinship, Zeng Zhuang people were still worried about why the light could not be touched, so they knelt on the ground to visit Zeng Guofan.
1867 (six years of Tongzhi) 57 years old, in March, he built a trial ship in the shipyard under Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration. At the same time, it is planned to establish a translation library. In May, together with Li Hongzhang, the General Administration of Jiangnan Manufacturing was moved from Hongkou to Gaochang Hall, and the scope of land acquisition was expanded and laws and regulations were greatly increased. In June, it was awarded the Tijen University Pavilion.
1868 (Tongzhi seven years) Fifty-eight years old, in April, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in Wuyingdian. On May 3 1, I went to Shanghai to inspect Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration. In August, he was ordered to be transferred to the governor of Zhili. In September, the first ship trial-produced by Jiangnan Shipyard sailed for Jiangning, and once boarded the ship for trial flight, it was named "Tianji". In February 65438, he arrived in Beijing and met Nala and Emperor Tongzhi.
187 1 year (ten years of tongzhi) 6 1 year August1year, Li Hongzhang's joint name will be "the first discount for studying abroad". In September, inspect the defense and training of amphibious battalion. 165438+ 10 to Shanghai.
1872 (tongzhi 1 1 year) On February 27th, 62-year-old he led his department to perform his duties: he urged the implementation of "sending left-behind students" as soon as possible. He also proposed to set up an "Office for Overseas Students from China" in the United States, and recommended Chen Lanbin and Yung Wing as the chairman and vice-chairman to be permanently managed in the United States. Set up an overseas education bureau for children in Shanghai, and recommend Liu Hanqing's Selected Works of the Shanghai Bureau of the Premier.
March 1 day, my feet were numb and my tongue could not speak. On the afternoon of March 12, I went for a walk in Xixi Garden, and suddenly my feet went numb. Ceng Jize helped me back to the study, sat for three minutes and died. It was the month when the Qing court heard the obituary and retired for three days. Posthumous title Shi. On June 25th, the coffin arrived in Changsha. /kloc-buried in jinpenling outside the south gate of Changsha in July, 0/9. In February 65438 and March 65438 of the following year, he was reburied in Fulongshan, Pingtang, Xiangxi, Huashan County (now Wangcheng County). Buried with his wife Ouyang.