-the origin of a case forty years ago.
Review of the process of "reversing the case" forty years ago
65438+65438 09591On October 25th, Guangming Daily published Guo Moruo's On Hu.
"Eighteen Beats", which wrote: "Cao Cao's contribution to the nation should be highly appreciated.
Evaluation, he should be called national hero. However, since the Song Dynasty, the so-called "orthodoxy"
After the concept was defined, this outstanding historical figure suffered a fair injustice. oneself
After the romance of the Three Kingdoms became popular, even three-year-old children took Cao Cao seriously.
Being a bad guy and a treacherous court official with a pink face is really a big distortion of history. "
On February 19, the newspaper published Jian Bozan's article "Cao Cao should be rehabilitated".
The article thinks: "Cao Cao is not only a first-class politician and strategist in the three countries."
And he was an outstanding figure in the feudal ruling class of China.
Is an outstanding figure in the history of China regarded as a traitor for a long time?
Fair. We should take off the traitor's hat for Cao Cao and restore his reputation. "
(1) and Cao Shi was regarded as a traitor. First, "in the process of denying Cao Cao"
The author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms can say that he has done his best in literature ","in order to promote feudalism.
He distorted history and belittled Cao Cao with an orthodox view of history. He not only put
The reflection of the Three Kingdoms was written as a farce, and later people took his farce as well.
"The History of the Three Kingdoms" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" are simply the slanderers of Cao Cao. The second one is
"In the process of denying Cao Cao, playwrights of past dynasties also did their duty", why
Children use "a monk's pale color" to show Cao Cao's coldness, and then use pen and ink on him.
A few black lines on his face show that he is treacherous and insidious. "Through such a face,"
It shows that Cao Cao is not only a traitor, but also a super traitor. "
Just over a month later, on March 23, People's Daily published Guo Moruo's
For Cao Cao's conviction, the article first affirmed "Cao Cao's contribution to national development"
The development of culture has made great contributions ",thinking that" Cao Cao was demonized by later generations. This is unfair.
Plain. The main reason for this unfairness or Cao Cao's special distortion is that.
The reason cannot but be attributed to orthodox rule. "And asserted:" Luo Guanzhong wrote "Three.
In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he evaluated these three characters according to feudal consciousness, but now he is not.
The heart is distorted, but it is visualized according to the historical authenticity he sees. But in
Today, our consciousness is different. It's really' bleak autumn wind rises again and changes the world'
Yes! The historical authenticity that Luo Guanzhong saw became a problem, and so did The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
The authenticity of art has lost its foundation. Its central point of view is: "Cao Cao wronged"
He has been a negative teacher for more than 1000 years. Today, he wants to restore his reputation. "
Guo's and Jane's conviction articles appeared in newspapers respectively, the ninth issue 1959.
Li Xifan's Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the rewriting of Cao Cao's conviction were published in Wen Yi Daily. plum
The article has a feeling and clearly puts forward his own point of view: "For the historical figure Cao Cao,
I have no problem with that. However, for Cao Cao's literary image and historical figures.
The object Cao Cao is directly equated, and even expanded to completely deny the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
As a lover of the romance of the Three Kingdoms, I can't agree. ""Three Kingdoms performance.
Righteousness "does show a strong feudal orthodoxy", but it also "cannot be said because of this.
Everything preached in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is feudal orthodoxy, The History of the Three Kingdoms.
The description of the characters also includes people's evaluation of the characters in the Three Kingdoms.
. The thought it reflects is very complicated. "As an artistic image, Cao Cao,
"Its objective artistic value is a summary of the long-term feudal society.
The complex and true mental outlook of politicians has created a world that will live in people's hearts forever.
The immortal art model in the eyes of feudal politicians is precisely this, as a historical figure.
What Cao can't tolerate ",such a very complicated and profound art.
Image is by no means like some comrades accusing the' novelist' of using' painting white'.
The "Face" method has been created. "It boils down to one thing," literary works are not calendars after all. "
Historical facts. Using historical research methods-not from the artistic image of the work, but
The analysis of literary works is based on historical facts and has nothing to do with literary criticism.
Things. "
Second, Mao Zedong's viewpoint and its influence on the formation of "belief"
Above, we discussed the debate about Cao Cao that happened forty years ago.
Simple comb. Of course, there is no need to dissect the controversy when the old things are brought up again.
The right and wrong of both sides, but want to explore the mechanism and reasons of the dispute, and expect.
I hope I can find the answer by reviewing and summarizing the process and results of this heated debate.
Enlightenment to contemporary literary criticism. According to the relevant materials in the author's hands
On the whole, the emergence of this debate really stems directly from Mao Zedong's point of view.
So, what does Mao Zedong think of Cao Cao? Generally speaking, for Cao.
Fuck, that's for sure. However, after careful comparison, before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mao Ze
Dong's views on Cao Cao are quite different.
In Mao Zedong's early years, perhaps because of the influence of traditional ideas, it was intentional.
Inadvertently holding a negative attitude towards Cao Cao. Example 1,1965438+July 25, 2006
Xiao Zisheng, ten days ago, President Lee ordered that the culprit of Hongxian monarchy be severely punished.
Eight officials, including Yang Du, said, "The gentlemen on these campuses used to be very hot.
Now this is the end! ..... Wang Mang, Cao Cao, Sima Yi, Napoleon, metternich.
Acts, but not enough as a warning? "(2), therefore, Mao Zedong was indeed.
Cao Cao, Wang Mang and others, who have always been regarded as the usurper model, are often defined as bullying the weak and fearing the hard.
Compared with Sima Yi and others, typical weakness; Example 2,1930 65438+February 30th first.
During the counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", Mao Zedong faced the fog at dawn and said to Zhu De, "What a nice day!
Help me too. In the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang took answer straight Cao Bing. Today, we borrow the morning mist,
Destroy the stubborn enemy! Here, Chiang Kai-shek is compared to Cao, consciously or unconsciously.
Fuck; Example 3: After the Southern Anhui Incident 194 1, Liu and Sun were taken away.
Cao thought about the relationship between China, the Kuomintang and the Japanese invaders at that time.
Cao Liu is the principal contradiction, and Sun Liu is the secondary contradiction. "As far as the central theme of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is concerned,
"The contradiction between Sun and Liu is the contradiction within the United front" (4) to unify the whole party.
Understanding of ambition. It is obvious here that he compares Cao Cao's side to joint operations.
Enemy's.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the evaluation of Cao was spread.
180 degree turn.
This sign was first revealed in 1952, when Mao Zedong read the biography of Heather Wei Rui.
"When he praised Liang Wudi, he praised Wei Rui's wisdom and courage and said what Wei Rui said when he built a city to defend against the enemy."
In order to make peace, he criticized: "This is the language of Cao Cao. Xia doesn't listen to tso, so.
Soldiers defeated by the army ". Here, I'm afraid Mao Zedong called Cao Cao "Tsao Gong" for the first time.
",the meaning of praise is obvious.
Mao Zedong fully affirmed Cao Cao, a historical figure, and clearly put forward to "reverse his conviction for Cao Cao"
The case is in 1954. This summer, he came to Beidaihe to swim.
After that, he recited Cao Cao's poem "Looking at the Sea" and told the health care doctors around him.
Xu Tao said:
"Cao Cao is a great politician, strategist and great poet.
"。 Xu Tao was taken aback. He had never heard of such affirmation of Cao Cao, so he was suspicious.
He asked doubtfully, "Cao Cao? Which Cao Cao? " "Which cao cao? Three kingdoms Cao Cao.
""He, isn't he a white-faced traitor? " "Hey, what do you know?" Mao Zedong was angry.
But he rebuked people like this: "Cao Cao unified northern China and established Wei State. At that time, Yellow River
The river basin is the center of this country. He reformed many evil policies in the Eastern Han Dynasty,
Develop production, implement land reclamation system, urge land reclamation, advocate the rule of law, advocate thrift, and make
The devastated society began to stabilize, recover and develop. Shouldn't these be certain?
Isn't it amazing? Treacherous court official said that Cao Cao was a white-faced traitor, which was written in the book and played in the play.
People say that it is injustice caused by feudal orthodoxy, and those who oppose it.
Gentry is the monopolist of feudal culture, and they write to safeguard feudal justice.
System. This case should be overturned. "(6)
From the above quotation, we can sum up two basic points: First, this is Mao Zedong.
For the first time, it was fully affirmed that "Cao Cao is a great politician, strategist and great."
Poet ". Second, this is also the first time that Mao Zedong explicitly proposed to reverse Cao Cao's conviction.
. It is particularly noteworthy that Mao Zedong thought: "To say that Cao Cao is a white-faced traitor, …
... that was an unjust case created by feudal orthodoxy ",so" this case should be overturned "!
If the above conversation only happens between him and the health care doctor, and
Especially in the specific environment of summer vacation in Beidaihe, it is generally difficult for outsiders to do it in time.
If you know it, it is impossible to quote this dialogue of 1957 without affecting it more widely.
Scope:
On April 10, Mao Zedong said in a conversation with the head of People's Daily: "In the novel,
Say Cao Cao is a traitor, don't believe those romance novels. Actually, Cao Cao is not bad. Cao Cao at that time
It represents the side of justice, and Korea is declining. "(7)
Later, Mao Zedong also mentioned and fully affirmed Cao Cao many times, such as
In 1975, Mao Zedong said: "Several politicians and militarists in the three countries are interested in reunification.
Have contributed, and Cao Cao is the biggest "(8). Even in a conversation with 1976.
He also used Cao Cao and others not to go to college to explain that "it can only be increased in practice."
Long talent "(9).
However, in a relatively short period of time, from various angles, Mao Zedong is the most frequent.
Fully affirm and appreciate Cao Cao's focus on the last two months 1958.
In this year's 165438+ 10 month, Mao Zedong said at the first Zhengzhou meeting: "Yin (
Usually known as a tyrant, he is proficient in literature and military affairs, and both Qin Shihuang and Cao Cao have seen it.
It's not right to be a bad guy. " ( 10)
In the same month, when he met with Anyang county party secretary, he said, "Cao Cao knows how to use people."
Tao, recruit talents, engage in "all corners of the country" and not engage in sectarianism. He also pays attention to dredging the river.
Diversion irrigation to develop agricultural production. "( 1 1)
165438+1October 20th, at the symposium held in Wuhan, when talking about Cao Cao, Mao Zedong
Ask the comrades around you: Have you paid attention to the romance of the Three Kingdoms and the history of the Three Kingdoms?
The evaluation of Cao Cao in these two books is different. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms regards Cao Cao as a traitor.
I'll describe it; The History of the Three Kingdoms describes Cao Cao as a positive figure in history.
Say, and say that Cao Cao is a "strange man" and "supernatural" who appeared when the world was in chaos.
J.j. " But because the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is popular and vivid, many people read it.
In addition, the old dramas of the Three Kingdoms are all based on the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, so Cao
Fucking white-faced traitors on the stage of the old drama. This can be said to be the women and children in our country
As we all know. "To say that Cao Cao is a traitor is an unjust case created by feudal orthodoxy." "
Now we're going to reverse Cao Cao's conviction. Our party is a party that tells the truth, and all misjudged cases and unjust cases.
It turned over in ten or twenty years, and it turned over in twelve thousand "(12).
This year1February, Mao Zedong read Lu Bi's comments on Rangxian.
In the annotation of Zi Ming Ben Lexus, I wrote such a passage against Lu Bi's accusation against Cao Cao.
Comment: "This note posted many posters in Wei Wu. If you want to add sin, why not say something? "
; Li Taibai said, "Wei Diying can't hit the eight poles, and the ants look at Mi Fei." This is a recent thing. "( 13
)
In the same month, when reading Biography of Liu Biao, Liu was also mentioned in Pei's note.
The statement of "killing and surrendering" was criticized as: "Killing and surrendering is an ominous sign, and Meng De does not do it", which shows him.
Praise Cao Cao for "not killing or falling"; In view of the fact that Liu Biao was in Jian 'an for five years in Lu Zhou's note.
(AD 200) The story of the suburban worship of heaven and earth claiming to be emperor was approved: "Be a local tyrant, Meng De."
Not for ". It not only shows his contempt for Liu Biao's practice, but also praises Cao Cao again.
. ( 14)
As can be seen from the above quotation, only in the last two months of 1958, Mao Zedong at least
I talked about Cao Cao more than five times, spoke highly of him and took a clear-cut stand for him.
Keith. It was a month later, that is, 1959 1 month, and Guo Moruo was in the newspaper.
The last post raised the question of re-evaluating Cao Cao. Then it was published the following month. and
More than a month later, in March, People's Daily published Guo Moruo's "Repeating the mistakes of Cao Cao".
Words.
According to the above materials, it can be concluded that the articles written by Guo and Mao for Cao Cao's conviction are straight.
Influenced by Mao Zedong. The two are not only so close in time.
, its basic point of view-"Cao Cao is a traitor with a white face" and "that is feudal orthodoxy.
Injustice caused by thought "-also originated in Mao Zedong.
We believe that the formation of Guo Wen was influenced by Mao Zedong's point of view, no.
It's just that the relevant information of 1958 in the last two months is relatively concentrated, and it's not just
It's because as early as the summer of 1954, Mao Zedong explicitly proposed to reverse Cao Cao's conviction, and
There is Mao Zedong and Guo Moruo and others can sit down and talk face to face:
On the night of Mao Zedong's visit to Russia, he invited Hu Qiaomu and Guo Moruo.
Have dinner together. "Speaking of the Three Kingdoms, I shed tears and worried about the ancients." Maoze
Dong first stopped and chatted with Guo Moruo about the history of the Three Kingdoms. ..... two people, one for you,
I'll cut it and discuss it with you. Speaking of enthusiasm, Mao Zedong suddenly turned to Li Yueran as a translator.
Q: "Tell me, who is better, Cao Cao or Zhuge Liang?" Li yueran, listen
Speaking of questioning, I don't know how to answer it at the moment. Mao Zedong said: "Zhuge Liang is certainly enough to fight."
Both wisdom and courage, but Cao Cao is not simple. He always sings as a white face,
Actually wronged. This man is great. "( 15)
The above conversation took place on 1 1.2 of 1957, earlier than Guo zai 1.959/month.
The publication of the article took one year and two months.
At the same time, judging from Mao Zedong's attitude after the publication of Guo Moruo and others' "Reversing his conviction" article.
This just confirms the consistency of the views of both sides:
After Guo Moruo, Jane Bozan published Ying in Guangming Daily on February 19.
Restore Cao Cao's reputation ... After reading Jian Bozan's article, he said, Cao.
Cao Cao ended the melee between aristocratic families in the late Han Dynasty and restored the vast plains on both sides of the Yellow River.
The unification of the Western Jin Dynasty paved the way. He also said: Luo Guanzhong, the author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
This is not the tradition of Sima Qian, but the tradition of Zhu. ( 16)
(1959) On August 1 1 day, Mao Zedong made a long speech at the Lushan meeting. male
Said, "... Qin Shihuang was scolded for two thousand years, and now his reputation has been restored;" Cao Cao
After being scolded for more than 1000 years, he has now regained his reputation; Zhou Wang was scolded for three thousand years. line
If it is not bad, it can be bad for a while and will recover one day; Bad can't be said to be good. "( 17)
Even at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC on the evening of May 25th, 973, Mao Zedong was strong.
When paying attention to the superstructure and grasping the route, he also fully affirmed: "Lao Guo has made greater contributions."
Small ","overturned the conviction of Yin and Cao Cao "and" contributed "(18). About; In all parts of; about
Guo Moruo's written version of Yin's conviction refers to its1published on March 23rd, 959.
There is a passage in the People's Daily's Reversing the Case for Cao Cao: "Zhou Wuwang and
It is not' benevolence' and Yin is not' heartless'. ""Let's start today.
The new concept pursues the authenticity of history and vindicates Cao Cao's case; And for everything.
Wronged historical figures, such as Yin and Qin Shihuang, have all overturned their cases. "According to this article,
The cited material number is 10 (i.e. 1958 1 1). Mao Zedong attended the first Zhengzhou conference.
In the conversation, Yin was regarded as a bad person, "This is not correct").
We also have reason to believe that Guo Zhi's conviction of Yin is obviously straight.
It was inspired or influenced by Mao Zedong, at least because of the publication of Chinese.
The first Zhengzhou meeting in Mao Zedong was postponed for at least four months.
The author thinks that Guo Moruo's conviction of Cao Cao was influenced by Mao Zedong,
In addition to the quoted materials, we can also find circumstantial evidence from their close communication. Relevant information shows that
Shi (19): The age difference between this pair of friends and poetry friends is only one year, as early as in the north.
Contact during the war of aggression; 18 After Wuchang broke up, they met again in Chongqing.
Sing together; After the founding of New China, contacts became more frequent. Guo Moruo worships the great leader Mao.
Dong Ze also attaches great importance to Guo Moruo's talent. In contemporary poetry, he has the most contacts with Mao Zedong.
I'm afraid Guo Moruo is the most diligent in learning poetry. As a great poet, profound
Scholars and historians who have similar experiences with Mao Zedong interact with each other.
However, this is mutual, but only in terms of the influence on Guo Moruo's poetry creation, Guo
Moroze not only gained poetry and strength from Mao Zedong, but also failed in his works.
The lack of image and language comes directly from Mao Zedong's poems. For example, he wrote it at the beginning of 1962.
In Yongmei's Operator, he wrote: "I think plum blossom is sad, but now I think plum blossom is smiling. Benyou
Dongfeng is full of pregnancy, and spring scenery is accompanied by plum blossoms. "Its image is taken from the names of Lu You and Mao Zedong.
"Yongmei operator". For example, after he 1965 wrote the seven laws "Visiting the Great Park".
Four sentences: "The old wall is left in the bullet hole apricot pit, and the poem monument stands now." Changhong is so lucky to know each other.
Color training and sunset dance. "His poems and words are also from Mao Zedong's Bodhisattva Man.
Big cypress land. Related to their close contacts, Guo Moruo knows something that others don't.
He knows the inside story, so he also conveys something that others don't know in many of his articles.
The implication of Mao Zedong. For example: 1958 Mao Zedong's two seven-tone "Send the Plague"
After the publication, people pay attention to "sitting on the ground and traveling 80 thousand miles a day, touring the sky and watching the sea"
Opinions vary. When all the arguments are going on, Guo Moruo wrote in People's Daily.
Published "Sitting on the ground, exploring the sky and others", pointing out that these fourteen words "are about the earth."
The themes of Rotation and Revolution, Sitting on the Ground and Survey the Sky are actually the author himself.
. Mao Zedong mentioned these arguments in his letter to Zhou Shizhao on125 October.
But it was not published at that time, so Guo Moruo probably learned this from the inside.
After writing an article, his article conveyed Mao Zedong's voice beyond poetry. And according to
We also have comprehensive materials on the issue of "reversing the verdict".
Reasons for believing: Guo Moruo conveyed Mao Zedong's evaluation of Cao Cao through his own articles.
Views.
Third, the reasoning and speculation about the formation of Mao Zedong's viewpoint.
As mentioned above, the author thinks that Guo Moruo and others were sentenced to Cao Cao by Mao Zedong.
The enlightenment and influence of his views. How did Mao Zedong's view of Cao Cao come into being?
? The author tries to make a concise explanation and inference of stupidity from the following three aspects:
First, Mao Zedong's full affirmation of Cao Cao, seeking truth from facts, conforms to the historical reality.
This is the most fundamental reason. Because, in China's Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao was indeed called.
Be an outstanding politician, strategist and first-class poet (about this)
There are many argumentation materials, which are not complicated. So Mao Zedong reversed Cao Cao's conviction,
This is an inevitable conclusion from the scientific perspective of historical materialism.
Secondly, Mao Zedong fully affirmed Cao Cao, how much he admired Li Bai.
The influence of Lu Xun and others. As far as it is concerned, it is influenced by Li Bai, such as the introduction of "Wei Baji"
The sentence "Look at a Miheng with ants" comes from Li Bai's poem "Look at Nautilus Island with Miheng".
Li's poems not only pointed out Cao Cao's mistake of belittling Mi Zhu, but also contributed to Cao Cao's unification of the North.
The results are positive. Li Bai's evaluation of Cao accords with historical reality, and so does Mao Zedong's evaluation of Cao.
Dong Ze's own opinion, so Mao Zedong specifically quoted this poem of Li Bai; just
Influenced by Lu Xun, there are the following materials as evidence: "1927 Lu Xun wrote in Wei."
Jin's demeanor and the relationship between articles and medicinal liquor said: "In fact, Cao Cao is very rich.
A capable person is at least a hero. Although I am not a client of Cao Cao, anyway,
I have always admired him. When Mao Zedong read the above arguments in Lu Xun's articles in the 1950s,
Draw a line with a thick red pencil to show Lu Xun's views on Cao Cao.
Always agree. "(20)
Third, Mao Zedong's affirmation of Cao Cao is probably due to their many aspects.
It has a realistic "spirit likeness", even "spirit likeness". Lift its big end, like the wind.
Cloud, military talent, majestic mountains and rivers, give up my political ambition, straight
Lyrics, gorgeous poems and essays. It can be said that in their respective lives.
A generation of first-class strategists, politicians and poets are well-deserved for both.
Yes; Even in character and temperament, they have some similarities. So, despite this,
It is said that they have been separated from each other for more than 1000 years, but Mao Zedong is sincere to Cao Cao.
Emotional identity.
Mao Zedong knew the difference between history books and novels, so Ceng Yun said, "The Three Kingdoms.
Romance is a novel, and The History of the Three Kingdoms is a history book, which cannot be mentioned in the same breath "(2 1).
; However, because these two works are closely related in content after all.
At the same time, because of Mao Zedong's love for these two works, In Mao Zedong.
In his reading life in his later years, these two books with different genres and different categories, he actually
Think of it as a book "(22). Although, "Mao Zedong as a teenager has always been
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is "read as a history" (23), so it is related to his "history".
Teachers had a quarrel ","even went to the headmaster "to make sense (24), but this is not enough.
It can only be considered that adolescence is too stubborn under the limitation of knowledge, not that old age is special.
Don't love the Three Kingdoms so much that you often read two books together, so in his eyes,
The History of the Three Kingdoms is both a history book and a literature, and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is both a novel and a novel.
Historical facts are not the same thing after all.
Fourthly, the enlightenment of "reversing the verdict" to today's literary criticism
History refers to the fact that has passed, so no matter who it is, it is in front of her.
Without exception, the former is a latecomer and an examiner; And novels (including, of course, with a certain
Historical novels with historical figures and events in this period as their content belong to literature.
Category, in front of this spiritual product that has become a fixed state, everyone is just
Appreciator or evaluator. From this perspective, whether facing history or facing.
Literature, whether it is a leader, a gifted scholar or a mortal, can only be ordinary.
Recipients and readers of.
Mao Zedong, a generation leader, has great ambition and extraordinary talent, and his influence on China.
The contribution of revolution and construction is undoubtedly enormous. It is also because of its profound knowledge.
Characters are not only used in politics, economy, military affairs, sports, logic, religion, calligraphy and teaching.
Pedagogy and other disciplines have done serious research, especially in China history and China literature.
Face has deep attainments. He loves to read history, one of which is the History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou.
; He also likes reading literature, one of which is Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms. He comes from
This paper studies Cao Cao's active work in promoting historical progress during the Three Kingdoms period from a macro perspective.
Use, thus affirming Cao Cao and calling for his conviction, thus showing the depth of historians.
Deep understanding and the boldness of a politician; He appreciates the strategic planning embodied in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
And flexibly applied to their own revolutionary practice, thus showing military nature.
The talent of the family and the wisdom of the writer.
It is true that both for the history of the Three Kingdoms that has become the past and for action.
The literary masterpiece Romance of the Three Kingdoms is good. In essence, Mao Zedong is just one of them.
Ordinary examiners and appreciators. However, due to Mao Zedong's special status.
Especially in the fifties and sixties, when the whole country worshipped him infinitely,
Objectively caused people to regard him as an unusual reader and evolve into
Absolutely accept and respect all his opinions and remarks. To be fair, at that time, "turn over"
The rise of the wave of "cases" has a lot to do with this. As far as historians at that time were concerned.
Convicting Cao Cao in history is not only in line with historical reality, but also completely correct.
It's true. However, by referring to the case of Cao Cao in history, we turn to recognize that The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is Jane.
It is Cao Cao's libel book that indiscriminately thinks that the author of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is completely unreasonable.
It's a bit "beard and eyebrows" to "evaluate the figures of the Three Kingdoms according to feudal consciousness"
Mao grabbed it "; People who love the romance of the Three Kingdoms in the literary world oppose "acting"
The literary figure Cao Cao is directly equated with the historical figure Cao Cao, which does not agree.
It is more necessary and timely to completely deny the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. such
Efforts have largely maintained the normal operation and character independence of literature and its research.
Under the specific background at that time, it was quite valuable. Because the so-called "romance"
In this case, it refers to a long novel based on historical biographies or legends, as well as a perfunctory test.
Investigating the writing process of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, we know that on the one hand, it is really "pitching".
History ",based on historical materials, on the other hand absorbed a lot of" words "in Song and Yuan Dynasties.
Historical scripts, zaju and other folk literature achievements; At the same time, the author stood
On the commanding heights of the times, he injected a distinct spirit of realism, thus realizing his own
The recreation of human genius. Luo Guanzhong is based on history, not on history, but on basic respect for history.
On the premise of truth, use your own mind to illuminate the mountains of historical materials and choose from them.
Choose, transform, organize, and process logic art to make it immortal.
Luo Guanzhong's masterpiece, this is precisely the greatness. So, how can people simply
Historians' yardstick for measuring the length of works of art? Journal of Peking University 1982
There is an article about historical drama that is quite vivid and clear. It says "Bear!"
Cats are somewhat like cats, but they are not cats. They are a kind of bears. Historical plays are based on history, but
Not history, but an art. Similarly, historical figures in a certain period and
As the content of historical novels, we certainly have the right to ask events to be like cats-that is,
Respect the essence of a historical phenomenon, but it is a bear after all-it belongs to literature and art.
Category, the two can never be regarded as the same. This point is still what we sorted out today.
One of the basic inspirations of this old account ten years ago.
Whether based on calm and rational examination and judgment, or based on emotion,
Aesthetic experience and recognition, in the face of history or literature, everyone has their own views.
On the right. But the crux of the matter is that Mao Zedong made some comments on the history or literature of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
This paper puts forward a unique point of view and makes some unique anatomy, which is extremely
Normal family conversation. However, due to the insurmountable restrictions of the times, this kind of
However, judgment and appreciation are regarded as "the highest instruction" by some researchers consciously or unconsciously.
, even intentionally or unintentionally to misunderstand and misinterpret, so, to the final effect.
In fact, it often becomes a helpless regret. This phenomenon, but it is
Enough to make us think deeply.
Until now, we still remember that Mao Zedong, as a poet, wrote a poem for Comrade Chen Yi.
A letter once expressed that "it is a contradiction that most Song people don't understand poetry and want to think in images."
Tang law, so it tastes like chewing wax. His old man made it very clear. "
Most Song people don't understand "thinking in images". This is a very profound insight! However, no.
We must not be influenced by this view and make it "enlarged", which will take a long time.
The evaluation of Song poetry in the field of poetry research is generally low, so that it has been nearly twenty years before the reform and opening up.
Over the years, the research field of Song poetry has been relatively silent. Realistically speaking, the images in Song poetry
Although it is not complete, after the peak of Tang poetry, I can find a new way, since
Being in a grid, especially in the back, is different from intense and overflowing enthusiasm, showing deep and quiet cold.
Jun, after all, it is a valuable and meaningful exploration. What's more, if "learning Tang poetry" is like
In 300 Poems of Tang Dynasty, there is no taste that litchi, olive and fruit have different tastes.
An entrance is sweet and fragrant, while the latter feels astringent at first and has a meaningful aftertaste.