Qin
Wang Jian, a famous general of Qin during the Warring States Period, was a native of Pinyang Dongxiang in Guanzhong (now northeast of Fuping, Shaanxi). He was an outstanding military strategist in the Qin Dynasty. His main achievements include defeating Handan, the capital of Zhao. , destroy Yan and Zhao; use most of Qin's troops to destroy Chu. Together with his son Wang Bi, he became Qin Shihuang's greatest contributor to the destruction of the six kingdoms. His outstanding military commanding ability made him one of the four famous generals of the Warring States Period along with Bai Qi, Li Mu and Lian Po. Wang Jian is the ancestor of the Langya Wang family and the Taiyuan Wang family.
Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty believed that Wang Jian, as a general of the Qin State, had made outstanding achievements in pacifying the six kingdoms. Qin Shihuang respected him as his teacher, but he could not assist Qin Shihuang in establishing a moral government to consolidate the foundation of the country. Compared with Bai Qi, he could be described as a "ruler". Some are short, some are long."
Han
Han Xin (about 231 BC - 196 BC), Han nationality, native of Huaiyin (formerly Huaiyin County, Jiangsu Province, now Huaiyin District), was the founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty, China An outstanding military strategist in history, he was listed as one of the three heroes of the early Han Dynasty along with Xiao He and Zhang Liang.
In his early years, his family was poor and he often had to take food from others. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, he participated in the anti-Qin struggle and defected to Xiang Yu. Later, he was recommended by Xia Houying and became the governor of Su, but he was not reused. Xiao He recommended Han Xin to Liu Bang, so Liu Bang worshiped Han Xin as his general. Han Xin analyzed the situation between Chu and Han to Liu Bang and raised his troops eastward, so that the Three Qin could capture it. Liu Bang adopted this suggestion and immediately made arrangements, quickly occupying Guanzhong.
In the Chu-Han War, Han Xin displayed outstanding military talents. He pacified Wei and defeated Dai and Zhao in a last-ditch battle. After that, he went north and surrendered to Yan State. In the fourth year of the Han Dynasty, Han Xin was worshiped as the prime minister, led his troops to attack Qi, captured Linzi, wiped out the dragon in Weishui, and led the 200,000 Chu troops to aid Qi. Therefore, Liu Bang sent Zhang Liang to establish Han Xin as King of Qi. In October of the following year, he ordered Han Xin to join forces in Gaixia to encircle and annihilate the Chu army, forcing Xiang Yu to commit suicide.
After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, military power was lifted and he moved to the throne of Chu. After being accused of treason and demoted to the title of Marquis of Huaiyin, Empress Lu conspired with the Prime Minister Xiao He to trick Han Xin into the Changle Palace on the pretext of treason, and beheaded him in the Bell Chamber, barbarizing the other three tribes.
Han Xin is a representative figure of the "war-seeking" school of Chinese military thought. He was praised by Xiao He as "the unparalleled scholar of the country". Liu Bang commented: "We must win in battle and capture in attack. I am not as good as Han Xin." Han Xin is China's He is a representative figure of the "war-seeking" school of military thought and is regarded as the "Soldier Immortal" and "God of War" by later generations. Han Xin, the "Prince, General and Prime Minister", takes full charge of the post. "The country's scholars are unparalleled" and "their achievements are unparalleled and unparalleled" were the evaluations made by people during the Chu and Han Dynasties. As the commander-in-chief, he led the army out of Chencang, conquered the Three Qin Dynasties, captured Wei, defeated the Dynasty, destroyed Zhao, surrendered Yan, and defeated Qi, until Gaixia completely annihilated the Chu army, without a single defeat, and no one in the world dared to compete with him; as a military theory He wrote a book on war with Zhang Liang and three articles on the art of war.
Three Kingdoms
Zhou Yu (175-210), courtesy name Gongjin, was a famous general in the late Han Dynasty and a native of Shu County, Lujiang (southwest of today's Lujiang County, Anhui Province). Luoyang ordered Zhou Yi's son, his grandfather Zhou Jing and his uncle Zhou Zhong, both to the rank of Taiwei. He is long and strong, has good looks and fine music, and there is a saying in Jiangdong that "if the music is wrong, Zhou Lang will take care of it". Young Master Zhou Yu had a good relationship with Sun Ce, and he followed Sun Ce to the battlefield to pacify Jiangdong from the age of 21. Later, Sun Ce was assassinated and Sun Quan succeeded him. In the 13th year of Jian'an (208), Zhou Yu led the Jiangdong Sun Group's army to join forces with Liu Bei's army, and defeated Cao's army in the Battle of Chibi, thus laying the foundation for a divided world. In the fourteenth year of Jian'an (209), he worshiped the partial general as the governor of Nanjun. He died of illness in Baqiu (now Yueyang, Hunan) in the fifteenth year of Jian'an (AD 210) at the age of 36.
In the official history, Zhou Yu has a "magnificent personality" and "a real genius", and Fan Cheng praised him as "a heroic man in the world and a romantic and beautiful husband on the left side of the Yangtze River". During the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, he was honored as Pinglubo. Ranked among the 64 generals in the Tang Wumiao Temple and one of the 72 generals in the Song Wumiao Temple.
Jin (Eastern Jin Dynasty)
Wang Xizhi (303-361 AD, 321-379 AD) was a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty with the courtesy name Yishao. Originally from Langya people (now Linyi, Shandong). From official to general of the right army, he was an internal historian of Kuaiji and was known as "Wang Youjun". He was born into a prominent family in the Jin Dynasty.
When Wang Xizhi was 12 years old, he was taught calligraphy theory by his father. When he was young, he learned calligraphy from the famous female calligrapher Mrs. Wei. After that, he crossed the Yangtze River and traveled to famous mountains in the north, learning from everyone's strengths. He learned from Zhang Zhi, a master of cursive calligraphy, and learned from Zhong Yao in his official calligraphy. Observing and learning the "methods of gathering together people to prepare a family", reaching the height of "Guiyue Group's products are the best in ancient and modern times".
Sui
Li Chun, a bridge builder in the Sui Dynasty. Nowadays, people from Lincheng, Xingtai, Hebei Province. The Zhaozhou Bridge (Anji Bridge) was built from the 15th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty to the beginning of Daye (595-605). Zhang Jiazhen, the official secretary of the Tang Dynasty, recorded in the "Inscription on Anji Bridge": "The Stone Bridge over the Jiao River in Zhaozhou is the work of Li Chun, the craftsman of the Sui Dynasty. It is strangely made and people don't know why." However, the Zhaozhou Bridge has survived for more than 1,400 years and can be called a masterpiece in the history of Chinese architecture. One of the miracles.
Zhaozhou Bridge has a long history, unique structure, beautiful appearance, and ranks first in the world. It embodies Li Chun’s sweat and hard work. Li Chun became the first bridge expert in the history of architecture in China and even the world.
Tang
Wei Zheng (580-643), whose courtesy name was Xuancheng. Han nationality, Julu people (Xiaquyang, Julu County, which is the original Jin County, today's Jinzhou City, Hebei Province. Also called Julu County, Xingtai City, Hebei or Guantao County, Hebei), politician in the Tang Dynasty. He once served as the admonishing doctor, Zuo Guanglu doctor, and was granted the title of Zheng Guogong. He was famous for his forthright admonishment and outspokenness. He was the most famous admonishment official in Chinese history and enjoyed a high reputation. He has written the preface to Sui Shu and the general introduction to Liang Shu, Chen Shu and Qi Shu. Most of his remarks can be found in "Zhenguan Zhengyi". If you use copper as a mirror, you can straighten your clothes; if you use ancient times as a mirror, you can know the ups and downs; if you use people as a mirror, you can know the gains and losses. This is why Taizong of the Tang Dynasty praised him
Song Dynasty
Sima Guang (November 17, 1019 - 1086), courtesy name Junshi, nickname Yuesou, Han nationality, native of Sushui Township, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province), known as Mr. Sushui in the world, a politician, historian, and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty Home. He served as an official in the four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong and Zhezong. He was given the posthumous title of Taishi and Wen Guogong after his death. He was gentle, humble, upright and hardworking. He boasts that "when the day is insufficient, the night is followed". His personality can be regarded as a model under the teachings of Confucianism and has always been admired by others.
He was a Jinshi during the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, and a direct bachelor at Longtuge during the reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Song Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he opposed Wang Anshi's reform. Many people inside and outside the court opposed it, and Sima Guang was one of them. After Wang Anshi's political reform, Sima Guang left the court for fifteen years and presided over the compilation of the first chronological general history in Chinese history, Zizhi Tongjian. He wrote many works in his life, mainly including the historical masterpieces "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", "Collected Works of Wen Guo Wenzheng and Sima Gong", "Ji Gu Lu", "Sushui Ji Wen", "Qianxu", etc.
Yuan
Guan Hanqing (1219-1301), the founder of Zaju in the Yuan Dynasty, the greatest dramatist in the history of our country, the first of the "Four Masters of Yuan Opera". The late name is Ji Zhai (one name is Yi Zhai), Ji Zhai Sou. The Han nationality is from Jiezhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), and its native place is also from Dadu (now Beijing City) and Qizhou (now Anguo City, Hebei Province). Together with Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan, and Zheng Guangzu, they are called "Yuan people". "Four Masters of Qu". Zaju has achieved the greatest success, with 67 known to date and 18 extant. It is inconclusive whether individual works were written by him. The most famous one is "The Injustice of Dou E". Guan Hanqing also wrote many historical dramas, such as "Single Sword Club", "Single Whip to Seize the Sword", "Dream of Western Shu", etc. Today, there are more than 40 Sanqu and more than 10 sets in Xiaoling. His Sanqu is rich in content, fresh and vigorous in style, and has high artistic value. Guan Hanqing's image of "I am a copper pea that cannot be steamed, boiled, pounded, stir-fried or exploded" ("Bu Fu Lao") is also widely known, and he is known as the "Sage of Music" .
Ming Dynasty
Yu Qian (May 13, 1398 - February 16, 1457), courtesy name Tingyi, nickname Jie'an, Han nationality, famous official and national hero of the Ming Dynasty, His ancestral home is Kaocheng (now Minquan County, Henan Province), and a native of Qiantang County, Hangzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang Province (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province).
In the 19th year of Yongle (1421), Yu Qian became a Jinshi of Xinchou Ke, and was granted the title of Censor at the beginning of Xuande. He followed Xuanzong to suppress the rebellion of Han King Zhu Gaoxu. After the rebellion was suppressed, Yu Qian, who was a royal censor, was promoted by Xuanzong to patrol Jiangxi for his meritorious service in criticizing Zhu Gaoxu. He was praised by all the people. In the fifth year of Xuande (1430), he patrolled Henan and Shanxi as the right minister of the Ministry of War.
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In the eleventh year of Zhengtong (1446), Wang Zhen was dissatisfied because he did not give gifts to Wang Zhenxianmei when he went to Beijing for an audience, and Wang Zhen secretly instigated his party member Li Xi to accuse him of being hostile to Ming Yingzong. Those who were dissatisfied with the crime were sentenced to prison or even death. Later, the people, officials and even the vassal kings of the two provinces strongly requested his reinstatement. During the Tumubao Incident in the 14th year of Zhengtong (1449), Ming Yingzong was captured by Wala. He strongly rejected the idea of ??moving south, insisted on holding on, and entered the Ministry of War. Dai Zongli organized the army, deployed key points, and personally supervised the battle. He led an army of 220,000 troops and lined up outside the nine gates of Beijing to defeat the Ola army. Add Shaobao, governor of military affairs. He also first used Yingzong to force peace. He regarded the country as the most important thing and the emperor as the least, so he would not allow it. Ye Xian (Esen) was forced to release Yingzong because there was no opportunity to take advantage of him. After Yingzong returned, he still felt that the peace talks were difficult to rely on, so he selected the elite of the Beijing army to be divided into ten regiments and camps for training, and sent troops out to garrison in order to secure the border. At that time, there were many things going on in the government and the public, so he carried out the levies alone, all in accordance with the opportunity, and ordered the review to be clear. Every piece of paper traveled thousands of miles away and everyone was alert. He was worried about his country and forgot about himself. He kept silent about his merits and kept himself frugal. His residence was only protected from the wind and rain, but he had a strong and upright nature and was quite jealous of others.
In the first year of Tianshun (1457), the Yingzong was restored. Shi Heng and others falsely accused him of plotting to establish King Xiang's son, and he was killed. At the beginning of Chenghua, he was restored to office and given a sacrifice. In the second year of Hongzhi (1489), he was given the posthumous title Sumin. In Wanli, his posthumous title was changed to Zhongsu. There is "Yu Zhongsu Collection". Yu Qian, Yue Fei and Zhang Huangyan are known as the "Three Heroes of West Lake".
Qing dynasty
Nalan Xingde (1655-1685), Yehenala surname, named Rongruo, was a native of Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria. His original name was Chengde, and he avoided the crown prince Baocheng. Taboo changed his name to Xingde, and a year later the prince changed his name to Yinreng, so Nalan returned to his real name Nalan Chengde. The name is Langjiashanren. A famous poet in the Qing Dynasty. His father was Nalan Mingzhu, a great scholar at Wuyingdian in the Kangxi Dynasty and a powerful official of the generation. [1] His mother, Aixinjueluo, was the fifth daughter of Prince Azig and the first-grade wife. His family, the Nalan clan, belonged to the Zhenghuang Banner. It was one of the eight most prominent Manchu surnames in the early Qing Dynasty, and was later known as the "Yehenala clan". Nalan Xingde's great-grandfather was Jin Shitai, the leader of the Jurchen Yehe tribe. Jin Shitai's sister Meng Gu married Nurhachi as his concubine and gave birth to the prince Huang Taiji.
He has read poetry and books since he was a child, and studied both literature and martial arts. He entered the Imperial Academy at the age of seventeen and was appreciated by Xu Wenyuan, the wine minister, and recommended to Xu Qianxue, the cabinet bachelor. At the age of eighteen, he took part in the Shuntian Prefecture Township Examination and passed the examination. At the age of nineteen, he passed the examination and became a tribute scholar. In the twelfth year of Kangxi's reign, he missed the imperial examination due to illness. In the 15th year of Kangxi's reign, he took the supplementary imperial examination and passed the second, seventh and seventh place in the examination, and was awarded the title of Jinshi.
Worship Xu Qianxue as his teacher. In two years, he presided over the compilation of a Confucian compilation-"Tongzhitang Jingjie", which was highly appreciated by the emperor and laid the foundation for future development.
His words win with "truth": the scene descriptions are lifelike and lifelike. The style of poetry is "clear and graceful, with a strong sense of sadness, high style and far-reaching rhyme, and is unique." He is the author of Tongzhitang Collection, Side Hat Collection, Drinking Poems, etc.
Nalan Xingde got sick and got together with his friends in the late spring of the 24th year of Kangxi reign (1685). I chant and sigh three times when I'm drunk, and then I can't afford to fall ill. Seven days later, he passed away on May 30, the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi (July 1, 1685 AD), at the age of only thirty (thirty-one years old).
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