The characteristics of Bashu calligraphy are

Que, what is it? Explained in architectural terms, it is a kind of ground building that stands in front of temples and tombs and is used for decoration or table * * *. Because there is no door in the middle, it is called "que" According to the literature, Que first appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty, mainly prevailing in the Han Dynasty, with a long history. Bian Que can be divided into stone Bian Que and wooden Bian Que according to building materials. With the change of history, the wooden que has long been extinct, and now there are only some stone que in the world, the oldest of which is the stone que in Han Dynasty. Stone Que in Han Dynasty, referred to as Han Que for short. Among the existing Han Que, Sichuan has the largest number. Because of the developed economy, numerous talents and abundant stone materials in Bashu area in Han Dynasty, and the remoteness and few wars in Bashu area, the Han Que was preserved in large quantities. According to statistics, there are more than 20 Han Ques in Bashu area, accounting for two-thirds of the national Han Ques, and there are 16 in Sichuan alone, which are distributed in Mianyang, Deyang, Zitong, Quxian, Lushan, Jiajiang and Xichang, among which the most famous ones are Feng Huanque in Quxian, Shenfu Junque, Pingyang Junque in Mianyang, Gaoyi Que in Ya 'an and Lushan. Gaoyique, located at the intersection of Yazhou Avenue and Hanque Road, Yucheng District, Ya 'an City, Sichuan Province, is adjacent to Ya 'an Ecological Museum. Gao yique enjoys a park-sized environment in the surrounding high-rise buildings, and its location is not remote, but its existence seems to be rarely noticed. Gaoyi Que, also known as Gaoyi Tomb Que, is a stone que in front of Gaoyi Mausoleum, the magistrate of Yizhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was built in 209 AD in the 14th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, with a history of 1800 years. It is the most complete preserved, beautifully carved and rich in content among all the Han Ques in Sichuan, and it is the first batch of precious cultural relics and historic sites listed in the national key cultural relics protection units. In an open space surrounded by an iron fence, I stood quietly in it with a transparent ceiling to shelter him from the wind and rain, and the environment looked very simple. Entering from the main entrance, there are two stone carving beasts "to ward off evil spirits" and "Tianlu". "To ward off evil spirits" and "Tianlu" are mythical beasts in ancient legends. They look like tigers and lions with wings, symbolizing evil souls. The ancients put them in front of the tomb to guard the mausoleum. After a thousand years, although the stone beasts look vicissitudes, they are still powerful and majestic. Behind the stone beast is the east and west que of Gao Yi que, next to which are scattered stone tablets. There is a written record on the back of the stone tablet, engraved with the "Hall of Filial Piety of Emperor Han Xian Gao Jun". From the obscure ancient prose, we can roughly see the information of the tomb owner: Gao Yi, straight word, filial piety, once worked as a captain, commander of Wuyang, magistrate of the northern government, official to Yizhou, died in August of the fourteenth year of Jian 'an. (Stone tablet) East Que and West Que are separated by several meters, both of which are buttressed and double-eaved wooden structures. There are two forms of Han Que: single Que and double Que (or son-mother Que), and the cornices at the top of the Que are divided into single eaves and double eaves. Single Que and double Que, single eaves and double eaves all represent grade specifications. Double Que is higher than single Que, and double eaves are higher than single eaves. The Gaoyi Que with double eaves and double que is obviously of high grade and specification. Unfortunately, the East Que has been banned, and the sub-Que and the arch above the main Que no longer exist. On the back of the main que, there is a line of official script inscription: "Yizhou Wuyang was a magistrate in Han Dynasty, and ordered the master departments to engage in Gao Jun calligraphy". This inscription tells about the position of the tomb owner before his death. (There is an inscription on the back of the East Que) The West Que is well preserved. The main que and the auxiliary que stand side by side. The main pavilion has 13 floors, 6 meters high, and the auxiliary pavilion has 7 floors, 3.39 meters high. It consists of a platform, a pavilion body and a pavilion top. (West Que) (Survey map of Gaoyi Que) On the back of the main Que of West Que, there is also an official script inscription: "Wu Yang, a captain of Yin Ping, the prefect of Yizhou in Han Dynasty, ordered the soldiers of the northern government to cite the words of Lian Xiao and Gao Jun". According to the data, the inscription was first seen in Wang Xiang's Land of Victory in the Song Dynasty, and was later mistaken for the double que as the que of high officials and high officials. After verification, it was found that the word "Guang" on the original vague handwriting was forged by the Song people, because each of the 24 square heads carved on the magpie had an inscription of 24 words: "Wu Yang, a captain of Yizhou Prefecture in Han Dynasty, ordered the soldiers of the northern government to raise the word" Lian ",and the word" Fang "here was the original text, so the inscription on the magpie was" Guang ". (On the back of Xique) (Inscription of Xique) The most beautiful thing about Xique is its stone reliefs, which are mostly distributed among the four archways, with figures, horses and chariots, animals and other contents. The most interesting ones are those reliefs based on historical stories and myths and legends. (West Que Front) (West Que Side) There is a relief on the front of the main Que of West Que, between the Que body and the Que top. The relief depicted on the left is "Emperor Gaozu beheaded the snake", which comes from the story of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang's "snake-chopping uprising". In the picture, Emperor Gaozu cut the snake into two pieces with a long sword, and the characters depicted were smooth and vivid. (In the middle, on the left is "Gao Zu kills snakes" and on the right is "Zhang Liang chases Qin Huang". ) The relief content depicted on the right is "Zhang Liang Chasing Qin Huang", which tells the story of Sean attacking Qin Shihuang in Bolangsha and revenging the country. In the picture, Sean chased Qin Huang with an iron vertebra. It is said that this iron vertebra was specially built by a Hercules in Sean. Weight 120 Jin, also known as "Zhangliangzhui". On the back of the main que, between the que body and the que top, there is a relief on the left and right. The relief depicted on the left is "the nine-tailed fox and the three-legged bird", which comes from Shan Hai Jing. It is said that the nine-tailed fox will always stand beside the Queen Mother of the West, symbolizing the prosperity of future generations. Three-legged bird, three-legged, is a god bird driving a Japanese car in ancient China mythology. In the picture, the nine-tailed fox is opposite to a three-legged bird. (Relief, left is "three-legged bird with nine tails" and right is "Zhu Xuan of the Yellow Emperor") The relief depicted on the right is "Zhu Xuan of the Yellow Emperor". In the picture, the branches are bent and the crown is like a broom. There are three fruits between the branches. A big bird stood on the trunk and turned its head and opened its mouth to aim at a fruit. Next to it, a bird opens its mouth and eats another fruit. It is said that this tree was transformed from the lost Yellow Emperor Zhu Xuan, and it is called "Three Trees". This bird is a divine bird that collects food for the Queen Mother of the West, and is called "Sanqing Bird". On the left and right sides between Que Shen and Que Ding, reliefs of "Shi Kuang Drumming" and "Ji Zha Hanging Sword" are painted respectively, both of which are taken from historical allusions of figures in the Spring and Autumn Period. In addition, there are some reliefs depicting gods and animals, which are distributed all over the Dougong, such as Shen Tu and Lei Yu, symbolizing auspicious animals' successful official career and auspicious beasts, such as Tianma and Lei Yu. These reliefs are lifelike and exquisite, and they are still clearly visible after thousands of years. In the middle of the East and West Que, there is a dark brown stele with a semicircular head and a dragon engraved on it, a square pedestal and two dragons engraved on the bottom. The inscription on the tablet is vague, but there is a rubbings about Gao's inscription in the exhibition hall next to it, which records Gao Yijun's life background, official position, achievements and construction time in detail. There is a small showroom next to Xique, which displays several stone tablets, most of which are written by scholars who visited Gao Yichen in previous dynasties, as well as rubbings of inscriptions on Que's body, detailed notes on Que's stone relief story and introduction to Han Que, so that we can understand the 60-year-old man without knowing anything about Han Que. (Showroom) It is said that the tombs, monuments, tombs, Shinto and stone beasts of Gaoyi Que have not been damaged by man-made, and they have been well preserved so far. Their tombs and exquisite stone carvings are second to none in Sichuan and even the whole country. It not only reflects the hierarchy of tombs in the Han Dynasty, but also reflects the superb architectural technology and the beauty of architectural art in ancient times. At the same time, it also reflects the social life thought and calligraphy art of Han Dynasty in stone carvings and inscriptions, and its historical and cultural heritage is extremely profound. If you have the opportunity to travel to Ya 'an, a high sleep is worth a visit.