Amblyopia can be divided into five categories:
1. Oblique amblyopia: diplopia caused by strabismus. In order to overcome the interference of diplopia, the cerebral cortex actively inhibits the nerve impulse from the macula of strabismus eye, thus causing strabismus amblyopia. This kind of amblyopia may improve vision after proper treatment in the early stage, but in a few cases, vision has not improved much after long-term treatment.
2. Anisotropic amblyopia: Because the degrees of myopia or hyperopia are highly correlated (above 300 degrees), two objects with different definitions will be seen in both eyes, and the cerebral cortex has long suppressed the objects with deeper degrees, thus causing amblyopia. Ametropia can be prevented if it can be corrected early. This kind of amblyopia may restore vision after treatment.
3. Blind amblyopia: In infancy, if there is corneal opacity, ptosis, congenital cataract, etc. Amblyopia occurs because the vision of the affected eye is blocked and the development of visual function is inhibited. Early treatment of the above diseases can avoid amblyopia.
4. Refractive amblyopia: Without glasses, one or both eyes are highly refractive, and amblyopia often occurs. This kind of amblyopia can be cured by wearing appropriate glasses.
5. Congenital amblyopia: including organic amblyopia and amblyopia caused by nystagmus and color blindness. Organic amblyopia may cause abnormal development of visual cells due to macular hemorrhage in newborns. This kind of amblyopia is difficult to cure.
The treatment of amblyopia is complicated and time-consuming. It should be done under the guidance of a doctor. The general principle is to eliminate inhibition, train macular fixation and fusion function, correct strabismus, improve vision and restore binocular visual function. Generally speaking, the treatment of amblyopia is related to age, and the treatment effect is better when it is 5 ~ 6 years old, but worse after 12.
When amblyopia is accompanied by hyperopia, astigmatism or myopia, glasses should be fitted as soon as possible according to the doctor's requirements. Wearing glasses is the basis of treating amblyopia. If you wear glasses instead of glasses, the treatment effect will be poor or even ineffective, causing greater harm. Second; Amblyopia therapeutic apparatus and computer software were used for comprehensive treatment. Amblyopia can be regarded as a kind of "vision atrophy" or "visual cell sleep". Severe amblyopia can only be cured by adding amblyopia therapeutic apparatus to exercise "atrophied vision" or awaken "sleeping visual cells". We can make use of the latest modern scientific research results, combine traditional amblyopia therapeutic apparatus with modern multimedia intelligent software, and effectively improve the vision of amblyopia patients through indirect vision enhancement (such as light brush, afterimage, red light flashing, etc.). ) and direct enhancement (such as meticulous work, visual stimulation, etc. ).
Attach some knowledge about amblyopia treatment:
Covering therapy: Covering therapy is an ancient and effective method to treat amblyopia, and it is one of the simplest, most economical and most effective methods to treat amblyopia in children.
① Strict monocular covering method: suitable for children with anisometropic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia. Such children often have good eyesight in one eye and poor eyesight in the other because of deep inhibition. Methods: Black cloth eye patch was used to treat amblyopia in children with good eyesight, and amblyopia was forced to see things, so that it was stimulated and exercised, and the inhibition was gradually eliminated, thus improving vision. For children with amblyopia under 3 years old, children's amblyopia can be covered continuously for 3 days and released 1 day. Children over 3 years old can be covered continuously for 3- 15 days and released 1 day. In the course of treatment, we should check the changes of amblyopia vision, check the vision every half month, pay attention to the health of vision, and prevent the vision from decreasing due to covering.
② Alternating binocular covering method: suitable for ametropic amblyopia and monocular strabismus amblyopia. If the amblyopia eyes have equal vision, they can cover both eyes alternately in the same amount, and cover the left and right eyes for 3 days respectively; If the binocular vision is different, the method of 4:l or 5: 1 can be adopted according to the specific situation, that is, the eyes with good vision should be covered for 4 days first, and then the eyes with poor vision should be covered for 1 day, so that the eyes with poor vision can see more and exercise more, and their vision can be improved faster, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the visual balance of both eyes.
③ Half-covering method: It is suitable for amblyopic children whose vision rises above 0.7. Artificial covering of healthy eyes with translucent plastic film can make the vision of healthy eyes lower than that of amblyopic eyes, and make amblyopic eyes have more opportunities to see, which is beneficial to the establishment and improvement of binocular visual function.
④ Short covering method: It is suitable for amblyopic eyes whose vision has returned to normal but still lower than that of healthy eyes. In order to consolidate the curative effect, you can cover your healthy eyes when you do homework or read a book, but not at ordinary times.
Second; Fine vision training: it is a special application exercise for amblyopia eyes, which is conducive to visual development and improvement of vision. There are many fine vision training methods, which should be selected according to the age, intelligence and vision of amblyopic children. Training methods can also be changed frequently, such as sewing needles with red silk thread, and the size of sewing needles is determined according to vision. You can also practice embroidery, painting, painting, calligraphy and so on. Fine vision training must use amblyopic eyes, 1 time every day, 10~ 15 minutes each time. Fine vision training is an important link in the successful treatment of amblyopia in children. Parents should pay attention to this simple and easy training and make unremitting efforts.
(3) amblyopia therapeutic apparatus: If pulse red light therapy is suitable for all kinds of amblyopia children, hyperopia amblyopia therapeutic apparatus is irradiated three times a day, each time 15 minutes, and three months is a course of treatment.
(4) Comprehensive therapy: Due to the different mechanisms of various treatment methods, comprehensive therapy is superior to single therapy. Children with hyperopic amblyopia should first cover their healthy eyes, give amblyopia eyes more fixation exercises, and cooperate with fine vision training and pulsed red light stimulation. Amblyopia with eccentric gaze can be selected by afterimage method. After several months of treatment, if the amblyopia's vision has improved, you can go to the hospital for further treatment (for example, when the vision rises to 0.6, you can use a fixation machine for fusion training).
Third; Don't blindly and independently perform masking treatment. Covering the healthy eye When the visual difference between the eyes is more than 2 lines, it must be covered under the guidance of a doctor to avoid the visual decline of the healthy eye.
Finally remind: the treatment of amblyopia will be a long-term process. Even if you see that your vision is stable, don't stop treatment in a short time, otherwise your vision may decline. You should stop the treatment after the doctor's examination. You can't make your own decision.
My child was diagnosed with amblyopia (0.2 degrees in the left eye and 0.3 degrees in the right eye) and strabismus (9 years old for surgery) when he was three and a half years old, and now he has fully recovered.
My children used to go to our Maternal and Child Health Hospital almost every day to see amblyopia orthotics (there are four kinds of instruments) for more than an hour. Tired and hard, but it's worth it. After all, it is the same as normal people.
I hope I can help you.