The whole picture is provided by:/shoukang/Qingming.htm
Riverside Scene in the Qingming Festival, which is the only masterpiece of Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, and is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Zhang Zeduan was born in Dongwu (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province). In his early years, he studied in Bianjing, then studied painting. Song Huizong Zhao Ji (reigned from 111 to 1124) worked in Hanlin Painting Academy. The technique of drawing lines with boundary pens and rulers in Chinese paintings is used to express themes such as palaces, terraces and houses, especially to draw boats, cars, shops, bridges, streets and battlements. His paintings are unique and unique. Most of Zhang Zeduan's paintings are scattered, and only the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is well preserved. This painting is 25.5 cm high and 525 cm long. This painting depicts the prosperity of Bianjing during the Qingming Festival, which is a witness of Bianjing's prosperity in that year and also a portrayal of the urban economic situation in the Northern Song Dynasty. Through this painting, we learned about the city appearance of the Northern Song Dynasty and the life of people from all walks of life at that time. In a word, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is of great historical value.
during the northern song dynasty, bianjing was extremely prosperous, with four rivers and four land routes. it was the national land and water transportation center, and its commercial development ranked first in the country, with a population of more than 1 million at that time. There are many busy markets in Bianjing City, with various shops and even night markets. On holidays, the capital is even more lively. In order to show the prosperity of Beijing, Zhang Zeduan chose the scene of Qingming, an important festival, for 59 performances. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival focuses on the land and water transportation and busy market in the capital of Northern Song Dynasty.
The center of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival consists of a rainbow-shaped bridge and the street surface of Qiaotou Street. At first glance, it is crowded and chaotic; Take a closer look, these people are people from different industries and engaged in various activities. There are some vendors and many tourists on the west side of the bridge. There are knives, scissors and groceries on the stall. There are tea sellers and fortune tellers. Many tourists rely on the railings on the side of the bridge, or point at them, or watch the ships coming and going in the river. On the sidewalk in the middle of the bridge, there is a bustling stream of people; There are people riding cars, riding horses, carrying loads, driving donkeys and carrying goods, and pushing unicycles ... The south side of the bridge is connected with the street. On both sides of the street are tea houses, pubs, pawn shops and workshops. There are many vendors with big umbrellas in the open spaces on both sides of the street. The street extends to the east and west, all the way to the quiet suburbs outside the city, but there are still pedestrians on the street: some are carrying loads, some are driving ox carts to deliver goods, some are driving donkeys to pull trucks, and some are stopping to watch the scenery of Bianhe River.
There are many ships coming and going on the Bianhe River, which can be described as a race for development in Qian Fan. Some are moored near the dock, while others are driving in the river. Some big ships are overloaded, and the owners hire many trackers to pull them along. A big ship with cargo has sailed under the bridge and will soon cross bridge opening. At this time, the boatman on this big ship is very busy. Some stood on the top of the canopy and dropped their sails; Some are struggling to pole on the ship's side; Some used long poles to hold the ceiling of bridge opening, so that the ship could pass safely with the water. This tense scene attracted the attention of tourists on the bridge and neighboring boatmen, who stood by and cheered. The Riverside Scene on the Qingming Festival vividly depicts the busy and tense transportation scene on the Bianhe River, adding more life to the painting.
Zhang Zeduan has a high artistic generalization, which makes The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival reach a high artistic level. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is unprecedented in its rich content, numerous figures and grand scale. The picture of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is dense and orderly, from the quiet suburbs to the bustling city streets, which is fascinating everywhere.
Before the Northern Song Dynasty, Chinese figure painting was mainly about religion and aristocratic life. Although Zhang Zeduan worked in the Hanlin Painting Academy, his works were all called "courtyard paintings" or "courtyard paintings", but he extended his brush into the lives of people from all walks of life and created social genre paintings describing urban and rural life. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival draws a large number of various figures. Moreover, Zhang Zeduan's actions and expressions of each character are very vivid. This fully shows that Zhang Zeduan's life is very rich and his creative skills are very skillful.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is introduced in detail.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a genre painting of Northern Song Dynasty. A masterpiece handed down from ancient times and a first-class national treasure. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is one of the most famous works in China's painting history. It is not only of superb artistic level, but also has many interesting stories handed down around it.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival records the architecture and people's livelihood in the suburbs of Bianjing (now Kaifeng), the capital of Huizong era, and on both sides of the Bianhe River in the city with exquisite meticulous brushwork. This picture depicts the prosperous scene and natural scenery on the banks of Bianliang and Bianhe River, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the Qingming Festival. In the form of a long scroll, the work adopts the composition method of scattered perspective, and brings the complicated scenery into a unified and varied picture. There are more than 5 characters in the painting, with different clothes and different expressions, interspersed with various activities, paying attention to drama, dense composition, rhythm and rhythm changes, and ingenious brushwork. The whole picture is divided into three paragraphs.
In the first paragraph, the spring scenery in Bianjing countryside:
In the sparse forest mist, there are several huts, grass bridges, running water, old trees and boats. Two porters are driving five donkeys carrying charcoal, and they are coming to the city. A willow forest, the branches of which are just glowing green, makes people feel that although it is chilly in spring, it is already in spring returns. In a sedan chair on the road, a woman sits inside. The top of the sedan chair is decorated with willows and flowers, and the heel of the sedan chair follows the riders and bearers, returning from the suburbs of Beijing for a walk to sweep the grave. The description of the environment and characters points out the specific time and customs of the Qingming Festival, which opens the curtain for the whole painting.
In the middle section, the busy Bianhe Wharf:
Bianhe River is the national hub of grain transportation in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is the main commercial traffic road. From the picture, it can be seen that people are densely populated, food ships are gathering, some people are resting in teahouses, some are fortune-telling and some are eating in restaurants. There is also the "Wang's Paper Horse Shop", which is a grave-sweeper selling sacrifices. Ships in the river come and go, end to end, or pulled by trackers, or rowed by boatmen. Some are full of goods, going upstream, and some are berthing and unloading nervously. Across the Bianhe River is a large-scale wooden arch bridge with exquisite structure and beautiful form. Like a flying rainbow, it is named Hongqiao. There is a big ship waiting to cross the bridge. The boatmen are supported by bamboo poles; Hook the bridge with a long pole; Holding the boat with hemp rope; Several people were busy putting down the mast so that the ship could pass. The people in the neighboring ship are also pointing as if they were shouting something loudly. Both inside and outside the ship are busy crossing the bridge for this ship. The people on the bridge are also sweating for the nervous scene of crossing the boat. This is the well-known Hongqiao Wharf, which is full of traffic and bustling, and it is truly a meeting point of land and water transportation.
In the latter part, the busy urban streets:
Centered on the tall towers, there are many houses on both sides, including tea houses, wine shops, foot shops, meat shops, temples, public halls and so on. There are specialized businesses in silk, jewelry, spices, incense, paper horses, etc. In addition, there are medical clinics, cart repair, fortune-telling, shaving and plastic surgery, and everything is available in all walks of life. Large shops are also tied with "colorful buildings and happy doors", hanging banners to attract business, and pedestrians in the market are jostling with each other. There are businessmen doing business and people watching street scenes. There are walking monks with baskets on their backs, tourists from other places asking for directions, street children who have heard of books, children of wealthy people who binge drink in restaurants, disabled elderly people begging on the edge of the city, men, women and children, scholars, peasants, workers and businessmen, and so on. Means of transportation: sedan chairs, camels, ox-drawn carriages, rickshaws, flat cars, flat cars, all kinds of things. It is vividly displayed in front of people's eyes.
In the five-meter-long picture scroll, * * * painted more than 55 figures of various colors, including 5 or 6 cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and other livestock, more than 2 vehicles and bridges, and more than 2 large and small ships. Houses, bridges, towers, etc. also have their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of architecture in the Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan is a realistic genre painting depicting a corner of Bianjing City in the Northern Song Dynasty, which has high historical value and artistic level.
In the history of painting, there are many pictures called The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, but there is only one original. After many scholars and experts' research on this topic, everyone has basically the same opinion. They all think that this painting now in the Palace Museum in Beijing is the original work of Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. Other paintings of the same name are later copies or fake copies of Zhang Zeduan.
At present, there is no artist's own seal on this picture scroll in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing. It is based on an inscription of Zhang Zhu in the Jin Dynasty in the postscript at the back of the picture. Zhang Zhu's inscription is only a few words: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan was born in Dongwu (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province). "When I was young, I studied and studied in the capital, and then I learned to paint things. I was a painter, and I was especially fond of boat trips, bridges, Guo Jing, and I didn't get married." However, Zhang Zeduan's name was not found in the book "The Painting Spectrum of Xuanhe" written in the late Northern Song Dynasty. It was speculated that maybe he entered the painting academy late, and the editor had no time to incorporate it into the book.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has great artistic charm in detail description! Copying paintings are beautifully made, which is also a kind of commercial art, and it is an excellent artistic gift for your collection and friends!
Bai Shouyi's General History of China (Color Picture Book) comments on The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. The whole volume depicts more than 5 characters, more than 5 livestock, more than 2 vehicles of various kinds, numerous houses, numerous props, huge scenes, clear paragraphs, tight structure and orderly. Skilled technique, meticulous pen, vigorous lines, dignified and sophisticated. It reflects highly pure painting skills and outstanding artistic achievements. At the same time, because the painting is a social record at that time, it provides important historical materials for future generations to understand and study the urban social life in the Song Dynasty.
The Concise Encyclopedia of Britain's evaluation of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in the "Zhang Zeduan" section is a custom scroll with important historical value. The painter successfully depicted the life scenes of all social strata in Bianjing city and its suburbs during the Qingming period. It is mainly manifested by laborers and ordinary citizens. The handling of the relationship among people, buildings, vehicles, trees and water is very ingenious, with a strong sense of integrity and great historical value. Since then, all the urban genre paintings drawn in the past dynasties have been influenced by it.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, an immortal masterpiece drawn by Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, is priceless in the history of Chinese painting. It is a long scroll genre painting created by realistic means, which vividly reproduces the prosperity of Bianjing Chengping period in the Northern Song Dynasty through a detailed description of the market life.
Zhang Zeduan, whose word is Zhengdao, was a painter at the turn of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties, and was born in Dongwu (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province). The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was written by Zhang Zeduan when he was painting history in Hanlin Painting Academy of Song Huizong Dynasty. This long scroll is silk, light colored, with a frame height of 24.8 cm and a length of 528.7 cm.
after Zhang Zeduan finished this long scroll praising the history of the peaceful and prosperous times, he first presented it to Song Huizong. Song Huizong became the first collector of this painting. As a master of calligraphy and painting in the history of China, Song Huizong loved this painting very much. He wrote the words "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in his famous "Shoujinti" calligraphy, and made a small seal of Shuanglong (now lost).
this masterpiece, which is well-known at all times and at home and abroad, has been enjoyed by countless collectors and connoisseurs for more than 8 years after its appearance, and it is the goal of the imperial dignitaries in later generations. It has gone from place to place, gone through many wars and disasters ... It has entered the palace five times and been stolen out of the palace four times, and after many disasters, it has deduced many legendary stories.
In the third year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1524), the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was transferred to Lu Wan, a Changzhou native (Lu Wan was a scholar in Chenghua, and his official rank was as high as Prince Shaobao and Ministry of War Shangshu). Li Rihua's Diary of Wei Shui Xuan in the Ming Dynasty recorded that after Lu Wan's death, his wife sewed the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival into her pillow, never leaving her body, and regarded it as her own life, even her own son could not be seen. Mrs. Lu has a maiden nephew, Wang, who is clever in words and will please her very much. Wang is good at painting, preferring celebrity calligraphy and painting, so he tried his best to beg his wife to borrow the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. After repeated entreaties, the lady reluctantly agreed, but he was not allowed to bring a pen and inkstone. He was only allowed to enjoy it in the lady's attic and was not allowed to pass it on to others. Wang readily obeyed, and after two or three months, after watching it for more than ten times, he actually copied a painting that was somewhat like it. At that time, Yan Song, a high-handed treacherous court official, was searching around for The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. After learning about it, Duyushi Wang Quan bought a fake from Wang for 8 taels of silver and presented it to Yan Song. Tomson, a framer in Yan Song, recognized that the painting was a fake, so he blackmailed Wang Tong and made him pay 4 taels of silver to bribe himself, but Wang Tong ignored him. Tomson became angry from embarrassment. When he gave a banquet in Yan Song to celebrate, he washed away the old color on the picture with water. Yan Song was greatly embarrassed in front of everyone, and then he found a way to kill Wang Huan. Wang, who was in the painting, was also implicated and was arrested and starved to death in prison.
In fact, after Lu Wan's death, his son was anxious for money, so he sold The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival to Gu Dingchen's house in Kunshan, and Yan Song and his son forcibly took it away. Before this, Yan Song did ask Wang Huan to buy a "famous painting", and Wang Huan did buy a copy of Wang Biao, a Suzhou native, as a gift to Yan Song, which was later discovered.
In Qin Long, Yan Song and his son were impeached by Zou Yinglong, and finally the officialdom fell out of power. Yan Shifan was beheaded, Yan Fu was copied, and The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was once again included in the palace.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was first collected by Lu Feiyong (a native of Xiangxiang, Anhui) after the Qing Dynasty. Lu Fei-yong was a scholar in Qianlong's reign. After he got the picture, he also stamped an inscription on it. It was bought by Bi Yuan. Bi Yuan (173-1797), a native of Zhenyang (now Taicang, Jiangsu), was a scholar in the 25th year of Qianlong (176). Bi Yuan loved epigraphy and calligraphy all his life, and his home collection was quite rich. After he won The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, he shared the appreciation with his brother Bi Long (a connoisseur of collections in Qing Dynasty), and now the painting is marked by two people.
when Bi Yuan was in Guanzhong, he devoted himself to repairing and protecting local cultural relics, but these became his "crimes". Shortly after Bi Yuan's death, the people of Huguang rebelled against the Qing Dynasty. The Qing court believed that Bi Yuan, during his tenure as governor of Huguang, "taught bandits to neglect and delay at the beginning, and abused military expenses", which not only took away Bi Jia's post, but also killed all his family members, and his property was also stolen into the palace.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was put into the Palace by the Qing court, and then it was put in the Yingchun Pavilion in the Forbidden City. Emperor Jiaqing cherished it and ordered it to be included in the book "Three Editions of Shiqu Baodi". Since then, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has been kept in the Qing Palace. Although the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing twice in 186 and Eight-Nation Alliance ransacked the palace in 19, it actually escaped the disaster and was not damaged.
After p>1911, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, together with other precious paintings and calligraphy, was stolen from the palace by the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, in the name of rewarding Pu Jie, and was first stored in Zhangyuan in Tianjin Concession. In 1932, under the support of the Japanese, Puyi established the Puppet Manchukuo, so this famous painting was brought to Changchun and stored in the library building of the East Palace of the Puppet Palace.
In August p>1945, the Second World War was drawing to a close, and so was the end of the Japanese invaders. When Puyi and his Japanese master saw something bad, they fled to Dalizigou by plane, and the Puppet Manchuria Palace was in a mess because of fire. In the chaos, many people took the opportunity to enter the palace. "