The students of Peking University are unorganized. After Cai Yuanpei became the principal, in order to cultivate students' interest in learning knowledge, he called the monitor of each class. It is suggested that they set up clubs in various departments, and also promised that the activities will be funded by the school. With his advocacy and support, a number of Peking University campus associations with teachers and students have mushroomed. There are not only societies of each department, such as China Literature Society, History Society, Philosophy Society, Geology Society, Mathematics Society and Psychology Society, but also many school-wide or interdisciplinary societies, such as Peking University Academic Society, Education Society, New Literature Society, Ballad Society, Esperanto Society, Calligraphy Society, Painting Society, Concert Society, Eloquence Society, Wushu Society, Sit-in Society and so on. At the same time, a number of influential comprehensive journals and academic journals have been established. Some societies are personally presided over by Cai Yuanpei.
At that time, the associations in Peking University that had great influence inside and outside the school were: Journalism Research Association, German Progressive Association, Philosophy Research Association, Sinology Du, Xinchao Society, Sinology Du, Public Education Lecture Group, Marxist Theory Research Association, Painting Research Association, Concert, Oral Association and the "young chinese Society" closely related to Peking University.
Society for journalism studies. Founded in19181614, Cai Yuanpei is the president, Professor Xu is the director, and Shao Piaoping, a famous journalist and president of Jinghua Daily, is the tutor. With the aim of "learning news theory, increasing news experience and seeking news career development", the Association has actively carried out activities and become an advocate of newspaper education in China. Li Dazhao, Luo, Gao and Chen Gongbo are all members of the Association.
Jindehui was founded on May 28th, 19 18, with Cai Yuanpei as the president and reviewer and Li Dazhao as the picket. The purpose of the association is to promote the cultivation of noble personal morality. According to its conditions, members are divided into three types: A, B and C. Those who meet the basic conditions of not whoring, gambling and marrying concubines are A, B, C, who do not smoke, drink or eat meat. When the association was established, there were nearly 500 members, including 76 teachers, 92 faculty members and more than 300 students. At that time, the scientific director of Peking University and many professors and administrative leaders attended the meeting.
Society for philosophical research. Founded on1919 65438+10.25, initiated by Yang Changji, Ma Xulun, Liang Shuming, Hu Shi and others, with the aim of "studying eastern and western philosophy and enlightening new knowledge in Chongqing", it has played a certain role in introducing the theories of materialism and idealism. Mao Zedong also participated in this research seminar.
Before and after the May 4th Movement, in addition to the star-studded academic societies in the night sky, a number of societies with obvious political tendencies appeared in Peking University. Among them, the most influential ones are as follows:
National society. Founded in 19 18 12.20, and published in191. Its members are not limited to Peking University teachers and students, but mainly Peking University teachers and students. Deng Zhongxia, Huang Rikui, Gao and Li Dazhao are all members of the Society, and actually played the role of consultant. Cai Yuanpei gave enthusiastic support to the Institute of Chinese Studies. He not only attended the inaugural meeting, but also prefaced the first issue of the Journal of the Institute of Chinese Studies, hoping that the magazine would be "correct", "pure" and "broad". With the aim of "enhancing national personality, instilling national common sense, studying academics and advocating domestic products", many members of the Kuomintang played a key role in the May 4th Movement, and some of them became the early party member of China's * * * production party.
Fashion Club was founded in 19 18 12.3, and Fashion Magazine was published in191. The organizers are Luo Jialun and Xu. Cai Yuanpei also gave enthusiastic support to the establishment of the society, wrote down the name of the publication, and agreed that the school would allocate 2000 yuan per month to support the publication. The attitude of "New Tide" against feudal culture is very clear, which has a great influence in the New Culture Movement. However, because its main leaders chose the road of total westernization, the nature and function of the journal changed later.
National Heritage Monthly. Founded on1919 65438+126 October, the founders are Liu, Huang Kan and Liang Shuming. For "The Inherent Scholarship of Changming China", all the articles included in it are written in classical Chinese and stereotyped writing, with no new punctuation, and most of the contents are aimed at attacking the New Culture Movement. Based on the principle of academic freedom, Cai also funded it, but only four issues were published, and finally it was published after the May Fourth Movement because of its unpopular content.
Lecture group on civilian education. Founded on March 23rd, 19 19, the promoters are Deng Zhongxia, Liao, Huang Rikui, Luo Jialun, etc. Mao Zedong is also a member of the troupe. Cai Yuanpei attaches great importance to this association and thinks that "it is also a good thing to share knowledge with civilians in the form of lectures". Under the guidance of Cai Yuanpei's thought of civilian education, the lecture group gives lectures in four lecture halls in the city every Sunday afternoon. At the end of the May 4th Movement, the speech activities became more enthusiastic. Later, it went deep into factories and villages near Beijing and began the process of combining China intellectuals with workers and peasants. After the establishment of the * * * Production Party in China, the * * * production in party member and the lecture group also carried out the party's propaganda and organization work in combination with the activities of the group.
Marxist theory research society. From the winter solstice of 19 18 to the spring of 1920, Peking University has successively established three organizations to study Marxism. 1. In the winter of 19 18, Li Dazhao initiated the Marquis (Marx) Research Association. In order to confuse the police, it was later changed to the Marquez Society. Second, 1920 March, the Marxist Theory Research Association was secretly established, with members including Deng Zhongxia, Luo, Huang Rikui, Fan Hongshi, etc. , officially made public in June of 192 1, and was supported by Cai Yuanpei. Iii. the socialist research society initiated by Li Dazhao in February 1920. These three societies all aim at learning and spreading Marxism and socialism, guiding and organizing young students to participate in revolutionary practice activities, and have played a very important role in cultivating China Marxists. Many members of the research society became the early party member of China's * * * production party.
Young China institution. Founded in June 2009 1 965438+July1,Li Dazhao is one of the main sponsors. Many teachers and students in Peking University are its members. The aim of the Society is to "take the spirit of this science as a social activity and create young China people". Cai Yuanpei praised it as the "most promising" group and gave enthusiastic support and encouragement. However, due to the large number of social members, their ideological beliefs are not satisfactory. With the deepening of the revolution, their activities stopped after July 1925.
Cai Yuanpei, while actively fostering associations, also directly led or supported the establishment of some publications. In addition to New Youth magazine and the publications run by the above-mentioned organizations, other publications with great influence at that time included Journal of Peking University, Peking Man Studies Monthly, Weekly Review, etc. Journal of Peking University was founded in 19 17, 1 1, and Peking University Monthly was founded in 1965438+9. These two publications are directly led by Cai Yuanpei. The former is equivalent to the school magazine, claiming that it will not publish articles discussing current political and religious issues, but it has reported a lot on all aspects of the new culture movement in Peking University, especially the activities of mass organizations, including the Marxist theory research society and the socialist research society. The latter is equivalent to a periodical, which specially publishes the research results and papers of teachers and students. The establishment of these two publications has played an important role in promoting the reform and the development of academic research in Peking University. Weekly Review was founded in the winter of 19 18, initiated by Chen Duxiu, a senior liberal arts student in Peking University, Li Dazhao, the librarian, and Zhang Shenfu, a liberal arts lecturer. This is a publication that closely links with reality, intervenes in politics and criticizes the shortcomings of the times. From the first issue to the twentieth issue, its content is mainly anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, and it also introduces the socialist revolution in Russia, Eastern Europe and other countries. FromNo。 2 1 to 25th, reported and commented on the May 4th patriotic movement in detail, and clearly stood at the forefront of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolution. Since 25th, due to the arrest and imprisonment of Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao went home to take refuge, and Hu Shi took over, and the direction of the publication changed.
Thanks to Cai Yuanpei's support, advocacy and his leading role, Peking University swept away the dull air in the past, and its academic activities were very active, and its mainstream academic thoughts were very fresh. On March 5th, 1943, Chongqing Xinhua Daily, headed by Zhou Enlai, published an editorial in memory of Mr. Cai Yumin, in which the vibrant scene of Peking University before and after the May 4th Movement was vividly described as follows: "The first hospital of Tanwenke Building, the second hospital of Princess Ma Temple House, and the third hospital of Qihe Building have their own characteristics. Stepping into the Princess House is rich and quiet, which makes people feel relaxed and just right. Run to the liberal arts building (that is, the red building on the beach), with a research room of the School of Political Science on the left and the' Xinxiangdu' office on the right. Under the building, various periodical publications run by professors and students are printed. Above the building, there are all kinds of reading rooms, and the concierge is full of magazines for sale, which makes people overwhelmed. What about the translation school? In that auditorium, either today's academic speeches and celebrity speeches, or tomorrow's student conference and commemorative meeting, are exciting and exciting. When Mr Cai was a student, the teachers and students of Peking University were really like kites flying in the sky and fish jumping in the Yuyuan Garden. They are lively and happy. This kind of weather and this kind of life must be memorable. "