Dong Chulang visited Meizhou, traveled with his ancestors, passed Anqiu, visited his former residence, met Xifu, and stayed in the poetry room. 》
Song sushi
White-haired Lang is the most humane and cultured.
A chicken dared to forget Gong Qiao's words and got off to look for Dong Xiang's grave.
Although negative pay is exempted in winter, the neighbor plays the flute badly.
Life and death, Qikuo Jun, Mo Wen, tears southwest to the white clouds. ?
This is a mourning poem by Su Shi, a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. From this poem, we can learn a touching story, and also let us know a short story of a calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty who was lost in history. This calligrapher is Dong Chu of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Looking through history, there is no biography of Dong Chu, but there are some records in Dongpo Collection and Licheng County Records. Dongpo Collection: "Dong Chu, named Dong Ru, was born in Anqiu, Michigan (now Anqiu, Shandong). Official doctor, capable of poetry, is famous for Baoyuan and Li Qing. His book is particularly good and won Li Xitai. " . Li Xitai in this article is Li Jianzhong (945 ~10/3), a calligrapher of the Northern Song Dynasty. He was named Yan Fuminbo and Jing Zhao. He used to be Dr. Tai Chang, Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Finance, Lang Zhong of the Ministry of Industry, and Xijing Yushitai, known as "Li Xitai".
Li Xitai's original post? Collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei
Li Xitai's calligraphy was very famous in the Song Dynasty. Calligraphy theory's book Mo Hanzhi, edited by Zhao Gou in southern Song Gaozong, said: "After the five seasons of this dynasty, there was no resumption of calligraphy and painting. It was not until Emperor Taizong began to collect calligraphy books that he tried his best to ask for it. At that time, he was thin and healthy in the shape of Li Jianzhong, and his name was shocking for a while, but he still hated it. " . At present, the Palace Museum has collected the same year's post and your house post, and the National Palace Museum in Taipei has collected Mutu post, which was engraved in the Destiny Post of Sanxi Hall in Qing Dynasty and is regarded as one of the top ten running script posts. Su Shi was the first of the "Four Great Calligraphers" in Song Dynasty. He thinks that Dong Chu's calligraphy is above Li Xitai, which shows that Dong Chu's calligraphy attainments are very high. Unfortunately, Dong Chu's works handed down from ancient times have not been found and can't be seen.
Li Jianzhong released it in the same year?
About Dong Chu's brief introduction, it is recorded in the Qing Dynasty's Licheng County Records: "Dong Chu, whose real name is Yao Qing, is good at writing poems and became a scholar. In the early days of Song Renzong's Tiansheng, he was an observation judge in Sliding State. On the recommendation of Sun Xuan, a bachelor of Hanlin, he was awarded a letter from Prince Zhongyun. In the tenth year of Tiansheng (1032), Dong Chu learned about Licheng County with Taichang Cheng, and led many people to build water conservancy projects for the benefit of the people. In the first year of Jing You (1034), Dong Chu got to know Suzhou through farming and being a foreign minister. The following year, Fan Satire, then a bachelor of Longtuge, was demoted, and Dong Chu and Fan Satire made friends and were sentenced to Jizhou. " . However, it is also a brief introduction, only to 1035, and there is not much information behind it.
So, what is the relationship between Su Shi and Dong Chu? Why did Su Shi write the poem of Dong Chu's funeral? We need to look for it from poetry. The title of this mourning poem is very long. "Dong Chulang tasted Meizhou, traveled with his ancestors, passed Anqiu, visited his former residence, met Xifu, and left poems on the wall." Actually, it should be called annotation.
From the title, we can know that Dong Chu had died at that time, and Su Shi called him a doctor, so Dong Chu's highest official position should be a doctor (Zhengliupin) and a former magistrate of Meizhou (from Liu Pin? )。 When Dong Chu knew Meizhou, he befriended Su Xun and praised Su Shi (see poem). Su Shi was born in the third year of Jingshou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1036). It can be seen that Dong Chu knew the age of communication between Meizhou and Su Xun, which was roughly between the seventh year and the second year of Li Qing (1047 to 1055). This poem was written by Su Shi when he learned about Mizhou in the seventh year of Xining (1074). At that time, Dong Chu and his father Su Xun were both dead. Su Shi paid homage to Dong Chu's former residence and was deeply moved when he saw his son Dong Xifu, so he left a poem as a souvenir.
"White-haired Lang is by far the most humane and cultured person." The first couplet remembers Dong Chu's character and artistic attainments. The allusion of "Lang Qian" is quoted from Zhang Heng's "Four Fu Xuan" in Zhang Hengchuan of the later Han Dynasty: "méng has an eyebrow and Lang Qian, but he catches three leaves and fights with his arms." .
Think of hospitality, Yan Yan is A Lang?
The origin of "Langqian" comes from the miscellaneous biography of Hanwu Story in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The general idea is that once Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went to stay in the bodyguard office and saw an old bodyguard with white eyebrows, so he asked him when he would become a Langguan. The old man said that his name was Yan Yi, and he was a Langguan during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. However, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty valued literati over military attache, so he was not promoted. When he arrived at Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty valued the old over the young, so he was not promoted. Now, His Majesty (Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) values youth and old age, so that three generations (San Ye) can't catch up with opportunities and can't be promoted. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was deeply moved when he heard about it, so he promoted Shang Yan to be Qiu Huiji. Later, people used "Lang Qian" as a metaphor for being older than Shu Lang and not being promoted for a long time.
Su Shi pointed out with the allusion of "Lang Qian" that Dong Chu, like Yan Yi, was incompetent to be an official or a doctor. But Dong Chu's cultural accomplishment was praised. At that time, people commented on Dong Zhongshu's poems and good books, and "the best writer" was a high evaluation, indicating that Dong Chu had high artistic attainments.
"A chicken dares to forget Qiao Gongyu and come down to find Dong Xiang's grave." Zhuan Xu remembers Dong Chu's concern for himself. The poem adopts the allusions of Cao Cao and Qiao Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Qiao Xuan (1 10 -84), Gong Zu. A native of Suiyang County of Liang State, a famous minister in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was called "Gong Qiao" by later generations. Although Qiao Xuan has been an official for many times, he is incorruptible. After he died, he didn't even have money for burial. When Cao Cao went to pay homage, he wrote a eulogy specially for this purpose.
There is a record in "The History of the Later Han Dynasty, Volume 51, Qiao Xuanchuan": "At the beginning, Cao Cao was young, and people didn't know. Taste the mystery of waiting, which is different from mystery. He said:' there will be chaos today, and it is up to you to ensure the safety of the people!' Therefore, Cao Cao often feels Qiao Xuan's gratitude to himself, saying that Qiao Xuan "Zhong Ni is not as good as Yan Yuan, and Li Shenghou sighs Jia Fu." . Cao Cao recalled that Qiao Xuan joked with him before he died, saying, "After death, the road has passed. You don't have to fight with a chicken, you have to catch three steps. Don't complain about abdominal pain. "After I die, you pass by my door. If you don't have to pay homage to a chicken with a barrel of wine, don't blame me for a stomachache after three steps. Cao Cao said with emotion, although it is a joke, who can say that if it is not a close relative? Therefore, when worshipping, "homesickness is only worrying, and reading is sad." "
Su Shi remembered his childhood, when Dong Chu was in contact with his father and praised himself, so he borrowed Cao Cao's allusions to pay homage to Qiao Xuan and express his admiration and nostalgia for Dong Chu. Although the memorial service was not big, I never forgot Dong Chu's gratitude to me, just like Cao Cao would never forget Qiao Xuan, so I went to Anqiu to look for Dong Chu's grave to pay homage. Among them, "Dong Xiang" expresses his admiration for Dong Chu, but in fact the title already shows that Dong Chu only achieved the post of doctor.
"Although the negative salary in winter is exempted, the neighbor's flute is disgusting." The necklace describes the living conditions and worship of Dong Zhuo's descendants. He also quoted the allusion of "neighbor playing flute" to express his nostalgia, and said the preface of "Nostalgia" written by Xiang Xiu, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest in Wei and Jin Dynasties, after Ji Kang was killed: "I will go west and pass through his former residence. It was thin and gloomy, frozen and bleak. There are bagpipers nearby with bright pronunciation. " . Dong Chu's son is a descendant of an official, not a civilian, and can be exempted from taxes. He doesn't need to collect firewood to make a living in winter, and his life can get by. However, when I was worshipping Dong Chu, I heard the sound of my neighbor playing the flute, which made people feel sad and sad.
"Don't ask me if I live or die, and cry southwest to Baiyun." William expressed his memory of Dong Zhuo and my father. "The breadth of life and death" comes from the Book of Songs: "The breadth of life and death is inherited by the son. Hold your hand and grow old with your son. " Borrowing it here shows nostalgia. At that time, Su Shi had just been demoted to Mizhou, which was difficult for the official and deeply moved. The general idea of this sentence is: life and death gather and disperse, life ups and downs, so you (Dong Chu's son) don't ask; Recalling Dong Chu's association with his father and his concern for himself, he faced his hometown of Meizhou (southwest) and looked at the long white clouds, but only shed two lines of tears to worship his predecessors.
This poem by Su Shi, with many allusions, recalls Dong Zhuo, his father's close friend and grateful calligrapher, and gives a high evaluation of Dong Zhuo's character and artistic attainments. The poem is touching, sad, beyond words and sad.
This poem by Su Shi not only tells us that there was a famous calligrapher at that time, but also tells us Su Shi's noble personality and noble character. Even the teachers who taught him a lot as a child, Su Shi never forgets. It can be seen that Su Shi has a kind heart and a good family style. Su Shi's father and son were among the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Su Shi is known as the first master in the Song Dynasty. Although his literary achievements have won victory, his moral character is more worthy of praise by future generations.
2019/12/13 yumuzhai